International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net
e ISSN: 2395 0056
p ISSN: 2395 0072
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY METAKAOLIN AND GGBS
1PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering RYM Engineering College Ballari, Karnataka, India
2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering RYM Engineering College, Ballari, Karnataka, India
***
Abstract Concrete is very important elements since it is utilised in building. The focus of this project work is on the utilisation of cementitious materials such as, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag (GGBS) with various percentages of 10%, 20% & 30% and Metakaolin of 5%, 10% & 15% In concrete, as a partial substitute for cement. Water Cement Ratio of, 0.4%, 0.43% & 0.45% and about162Cubesof size, 100 ×100 ×100 mm and 162 cylinders of size 300 mm height and a diameter of 150 mm were cast in M40 concrete and tested for compressive and spilt tensile strength for 7 and 28 days, respectively. To determine their strength qualities. Steel fibres of 0.5%, GGBS of 10%, Metakaolin of 10% And water cement ratio, of 0.4% is used in beam of size 150x250x1500mm is castforM40gradeofconcreteandtested for flexural behaviour of 28 days. The acquired results were regarded to be encouraging, and this study can be expanded by adding other mineral admixtures
Key Words: Metakaolin,steelfibres,CompressiveStrength, Groundgranulated,BlastfurnaceSlag(GGBS),Flexuretest, Splittensilestrength.
1.INTRODUCTION
Concrete plays a significant part in the rapidly increasing creative discipline. New techniques and technologies in construction,structural,andcivilengineeringhaveresulted in more stringent standards for this material. Cement use willrapidlyincreaseallacrosstheworld.TheamountofCO2 emittedintotheatmospheremustbereduced.Reducethe cement content of the material and utilise pozzolanic materialsforconcreteisoneofthetreatmentstoovercome this example (CO2). Metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnaceslag,MicroSilica,FlyAsh,andothermaterialsare someofthem.
Since concrete is second only to water in terms of consumption, a lot of research and adjustments are being done to make concrete with the needed qualities. The strength, workability, durability, and other qualities of conventional concrete needed to be modified to make it moresuitedfordiverseconditionsastechnologyprogressed andtheareaofuseofconcreteandmortarsgrew.Thishas resultedintheusageofcementitiousmaterialslikeasGGBS, fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin and others, which is have contributedtoimprovedperformance,energyconservation,
2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529
and economic efficiency. When GGBS and metakaolin are usedtopartiallyreplacecementinconcrete,theamountof cementusedisreduced,carbondioxide(CO2)emissionsare reduced, existing resources are conserved, and concrete strengthanddurabilityareimproved.
Recentresearchinmanyregionsoftheworldhaveshowed thatggbsconcretemaybetterpreservesteelreinforcement andhencethestructureasawhole,allowingittowithstand corrosion. Ggbs concrete is a form of concrete in which a portionofthecementisreplacedbyanindustrialbyproduct calledgroundgranulatedblastfurnaceslag.Asaresult,the use of GGBS concrete can significantly reduce corrosion. Furthermore, it can lead to a significantly more robust construction without a significant cost rise. Because ggbs from current thermal power plants does not require processing before being integrated into concrete, it is regarded as an environmentally friendly input material. When used in concrete, ggbs can be utilised as a partial replacement for Portland cement without affecting compressivestrength.
Metakaolin enhances the qualities of concrete by raising compressive and flexural strength, giving chemical resistance, decreasing permeability, limiting alkali silica reaction, decreasing efflorescence and shrinkage, and avoidingsteelcorrosion.
2. OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to observe the behaviour of GGBSandMetakaolincontentinthecompressiveandsplit tensilestrengthofconcreteafter7and28days.
To examine the workability characteristics of various mixes.
To evaluate the compressive strength and split tensile strengthofconcretewiththecombinedeffectofGGBSand Metakaolinapplication.
Toinvestigatetheflexuralbehaviourofabeamusing10% GGBSand10%Metakaolinascementsubstitutes,aswellas theinclusionof0.5percentsteelfibres.
To examine the strength properties of concrete by replacingcementinconcrete.
ISO 9001:2008
Vidyasagara Dani1 , Dr. M.S. Shobha2
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
S.Mallikarjuna et.al, (2016), Astudywasperformedon thestrengthpropertiesofGGBSusedasacementsubstitute in concrete. When GGBS was used to replace 10% of the cementinM40gradeconcrete,thecompressivestrength wasfoundtobethehighest,comparedto20%,30%and 40% cement replacement with GGBS. The compressive strengthofM20gradeconcretewasfoundtobemaximum at10%cementsubstitutionwithGGBS,followedby20,30 and40%cementsubstitutionwithGGBS,inthatorder.The authorsconcludedfromthetestfindingsthattheefficiency factorforM40gradeconcretewasshowedtobegreatestat 10percentcementsubstitutionwithGGBSat28days.
Venu Malagavelli et.al (2018) performedresearchon the impact of metakaolin on concrete as a partial replacement for cement. The compressive strength of concretesafter7and28days.Thecompressivestrengthis variesfrom23.9to28.5MPaaftersevendaysandfrom47.3 to 55.2 MPa after 28 days. In 28 days, all modified and regulated concretes reached the required strength of 35MPa. With addition of 5% and 10% metakaolin to the cement,thecompressivestrengthofconcreteisraisedby 7% and 16.75%, respectively. Similarly, a 15% and 20% additionofmetakaolinincreasescompressivestrengthby 11.42 percent and 6%, respectively. This clearly reveals thattheoptimalproportionofmetakaolinintheconcreteis 10%.For28days,the%increaseinstrengthcharacteristics in compressive strength is 16.75,split tensile strength is 7.1,andflexuralstrengthis7.88,respectively.Amaximum of10%ofthecementcanbesubstitutedwithmetakaolin
Deepthi Dennison, et.al (2014) The influence of metakaolin on the behaviour of normal and steel fibre reinforced concrete beams was investigated. The mechanicalqualitiesofconcretemixeswithvarying%of cementreplacedbyMKimproveastheproportionofMK increases from 0 to 10%. Beyond 10% replacements, all mechanicalcharacteristicsshowadeterioratingtrend.This isbecauseMKChasaweakdilutingeffectafterthisamount ofMK.Asaresult,thegapinmechanicalqualitiesbetween CC and MKC becomes reduced. As a result, the ideal replacementpercentageofMKchosenis10%. Inflexure, the load deflection pattern of metakaolin crimped steel fibre concrete beams demonstrates better load bearing capacity and deflection than control the specimens. In flexure,reinforcedconcretebeamscontaining10%MKand 1.5 percent CSF exhibit greater energy absorption and ductilitythanHESFwiththesamevolumefraction.
Girija Vidnyan Gaikwad et.al (2019) Experimental Investigation on Metakaolin Modified Fibre Reinforced Concrete was undertaken. Workability is observed to reducewhenfibrecontentandMetakaolinlevelsrise.When comparing normal concrete to 3 percent fibre and 10% metakaolinconcrete,thecompressivestrengthroseby3.2 percent.TheamountofsteelfibreandMKinconcretemix enhancesthesplittensilestrength.At9%fibrecontentby volume fraction and 25% MK by weight of cement, the maximumstrengthwasachieved.Whenitiscomparedto
©
e ISSN: 2395 0056
p ISSN: 2395 0072
conventional concrete, the split tensile strength rise by 56.29percent
Karikalan A T et.al (2021) accordingtothestudy,the flexuralbehaviourofGGBSconcretebeamswithsteeland hybrid FRP, and GFRP bars was investigated. And here, partial replacement of cement with GGBS is used. The percentagesofreplacementare5,10,15,20,25,30,35%, and40%.Thestrengthofconcretewillbeaffectedbythe content of GGBS. Strength tests carried out. It has been shownthatthestrengthofconcreteisdeterioratingupto 25% due to the presence of GGBS. The 30 percent GGBS content indicates that the strength was good, but after another 30 percent, the results began to decline. The optimal amount of cement substitution by GGBS is 30 percent.GGBSconcretehasacompressivestrengthof28.23 N/mm2andatensilestrengthof2.83N/mm2.Thepaper concludedthatGGBSconcretebeamswithhybridFRPbars are stronger than GGBS concrete beams withGFRP bars. ThequantityofFRPusedenhancesthestrength
Egwuonwu, William, C et.al (2019), The Effect of Metakaolin as a Partial Replacement for Cement on the Compressive Strength of High Strength Concrete at differentW/Cratioswasinvestigated.Inthisexperiment, the maximum compressive strength (95.33 MPa) was recorded,after thecuringperiodof28days,witha10% substitution of cement with metakaolin at a w c ratio of 0.2. As a result, for realistic applications, a 10% replacementmightbeadvised.Metakaolinwasshownto boost compressive strength by 28.85 percent at 10% replacement level after the 7 days of curing when comparedtothecontrolmix.Thissteadyimprovementin strengthascuringagerisesmightbeattributedtoalarge reduction in voids, which enhances the degree of hydration.
Dr. B. Vidivelli et.al (2016), performeda work onthe flexuralbehaviourofreinforcedconcretebeamsreinforced with GGBS, steel fibre and GGBS 40% are the cement substituentsandSteelFibre1%bycementreplacement,the highrangewaterreducingadditiveSP 430isusedtocast thespecimensandwithcuretimesof7and28days.When compared to the normal beam, the modified concrete beamshada 40% improvement in ultimateload bearing capability. When compared to the beam, the modified beams demonstrate a 3% decrease in deflection at the ultimatelevel.
Dr.K.Srinivasu et.al (2014), performed study on metakaolinadmixedinconcrete.Theuseofmetakaolinin concrete at a 25 percent replacement rate for cement resultedinimprovedstrengthanddurability.Theaddition of metakaolin enhanced water permeability and absorption, resulting in an increase in concrete density. Metakaolinwasusedtomakeacidresistanceconcretewith goodresultsintermsofchloridepermeabilityandsulphate resistance.Theadditionofsteel fibres,flyash,andsilica fumetometakaolinproducedbetterresultsthanstandard
Impact Factor value: 7.529
9001:2008
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net
concrete. The metakaolin improved the flowability of concreteandcementmortar.
4. MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES
4.1 Cement
OrdinaryPortlandCement(OPC)43grade,whichcomplies withIS:8112 1989,wasutilisedinthiswork.Thecement usedwasUltratechcement,whichwasreceivedfromlocal dealers.
Table -1: Cementproperties(opc43)
MaterialSpecifications Results
Specificgravity 3.125
Normalconsistency 32%
Initialsettingtime 38min
Finalsettingtime 10hrs Compressivestrength 48.44N/mm2
4.2 Fine aggregates
The project work was done with naturally available river Sandfromzone2,IS383 1970.Table2showsthematerial propertiesofthefineaggregatesused
Table 2: Materialpropertiesofthefineaggregates
MaterialSpecifications Results
Specificgravity 2.57
Finenessmodulus 3.38%
Waterabsorption 1%
4.3 Coarse aggregates
Inthisexperimentusedalocalavailablecrushedaggregates thatconformwithIS383 1970.
Table -3: Materialpropertiesofthecoarseaggregates
MaterialSpecifications Results
Specificgravity 2.54
Finenessmodulus 8.36%
Waterabsorption 0.5%
e ISSN: 2395 0056
p ISSN: 2395 0072
4.4 Metakaolin
Metakaolinisgainedonheatingofkaolinatthetemp.of650 900 ℃.Itisneitheranindustrial byproductnora natural availablematerial.Metakaolinreducestheconsumptionof cementandincreasesthepropertiesofcement,becauseitis muchfinerthancementparticles.
Table 4: propertiesofmetakaolin
MaterialSpecifications Values
Specificgravity 2.6
MeanGrainSize(µm) 2.54
SpecificArea(cm2/g) 150000 180000 color Ivoryto green
4.5 Steel fibers
Steel fibres are circular, square, crescent shaped and irregular. Steel fibres are obtained from melt excavation process.Circularsteelfibrescanbeproducedbycuttingwire ofdiameter0.10to0.30inches.Crimpedsteelfibresof30mm longandadiameterof0.6mmandanacceptratioof50are used in the test. Accept ratio is equal is length divided by diameterofthefibre.Densityofsteelfibresis7840kg/m3 andspecificgravityof7.9isusedintheexperiment.
4.6 Ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS)
The blast furnace generates GGBS as a byproduct, which heatsironore,limestone,andcoketo1500°Ctoproduceiron. When these components melt in the blast furnace, they producemoltenironandmoltenslag.Themoltenslagfloats ontopofthemoltenironbecauseitislighter.Themoltenslag is mostly made up of iron ore silicates and alumina, with some limestone oxides thrown in for good measure. The granulatingprocessincludescoolingthemoltenslagusing high pressure water jets. This quickly cools the slag, producing granular particles with diameters smaller than 5mm. The rapid cooling prevents the formation of larger crystals, resulting in 95 percent non crystalline granular calcium alumina silicates. Another good cementitious materialisGGBScement.
5. MIX DESIGN
ThestudyusesthedesignmixM40gradeofconcreteusing 53gradesOPCinthestudy.TheMixdesignwasperformedas perIS10262:2019.Thewatercementratio’sforthemixesis 0.4,0.43,0.45%.Thefollowingmixproportionwasobtained fromthemixdesign.
2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net
Table 5: Mixdesignsproperties.
GRADEOF CONCRETE CEMENT FINE AGGREGATE COARSE AGGREGATE
M40 1 1.95 2.69
W/C RATIO 0.4
M40 1 2.13 2.91 0.43
M40 1 2.28 3.03 0.45
6. DESIGN OF BEAM
DesignofbeamwascarriedwithreferencesofIS456 2019 forM40 gradeconcreteandFe500 steel.
Alldimensionsareinmeters
7. METHODOLOGY
Cubesoflength,width,andthicknessof100mmx100mmx 100mmisusedintheexperiment,Cylindersofsize150mm diameterand300mmheightisused,andthebeamoflength 1500mm, width 150mm and height 250mm is used, and casted with different proportions and cured for 7 and 28 days.Aftercuringthespecimens(cubesandcylinders)were testedinCTMinaccordancewithIS:516 1959forcubes,and IS: 5816 1976 for cylinders. Beams tested for flexural strengthaccordingtoIS:516 1959.
Table - 6: Methodology.
Water cement ratio
%ofGGBS (54cubes &54 cylinders)
%ofMetakaolin (54cubes&54 cylinders)
Combination of GGBS andMetakaolin (54 cubes & 54 cylinders)
0.4% 10% 5% 10%GGBS+5%MK 20% 10% 20%GGBS+10%MK 30% 15% 30%GGBS+15%MK
0.43% 10% 5% 10%GGBS+5%MK 20% 10% 20%GGBS+10%MK 30% 15% 30%GGBS+15%MK
0.45% 10% 5% 10%GGBS+5%MK 20% 10% 20%GGBS+10%MK 30% 15% 30%GGBS+15%MK
© 2022, IRJET
e ISSN: 2395 0056
p ISSN: 2395 0072
Impact Factor value: 7.529
ISO 9001:2008
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net
8. EXPERIMENTAL TEST RESULTS
8.1 Slump cone test results
Theslumptest resultsofconcrete madeusingMetakaolin (MK) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in replacementofcementareshowninthetablebelow.
Note:Nominalmixslumpvalue=75mm
8.1.1 WATER CEMENT RATIO = 0.4
Table - 7: slumpconevaluesof0.4watercementratio
%of GGBS SLUMP (mm)
%of Meta kaolin
SLUMP (mm)
GGBSand Metakaolin SLUMP (mm)
10% 70 5% 38 10%GGBS+5%MK 54
20% 73 10% 26 20%GGBS+10%MK 49
30% 76 15% 15 30%GGBS+15%MK 46
8.1.3 WATER CEMENT RATIO = 0.45
e ISSN: 2395 0056
p ISSN: 2395 0072
8.1.2 WATER CEMENT RATIO = 0.43
Table 8: slumpconevaluesof0.43watercementratio
%of GGBS SLUMP (mm)
%of Meta kaolin
SLUMP (mm)
GGBSand Metakaolin SLUMP (mm)
10% 75 5% 41 10%GGBS+5%MK 58
20% 78 10% 28 20%GGBS+10% MK 52
30% 81 15% 17 30%GGBS+15%MK 49
Table - 9: slumpconevaluesof0.45watercementratio
%of GGBS SLUMP (mm)
%of Meta kaolin
SLUMP (mm)
GGBSand Metakaolin SLUMP (mm)
10% 79 5% 43 10%GGBS+5%MK 61
20% 82 10% 30 20%GGBS+10% MK 56 30% 86 15% 17 30%GGBS+15%MK 52
8.2 STRENGTH TESTS
Thespecimensareallowedtodryfor24hoursafterbeing removedfromthecuringtank.Threestrengthtestswere carriedout,andtheresultsareasfollows:
A100mmx100mmx100mmcubeisusedtomeasure thecompressivestrength.
A150mmdiax300mmheightcylinderhasbeenused toperformatensilestrengthtest.
A1500mmx150mm×250mmbeamhasbeenusedto testflexuralstrength.
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net
8.2.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
Where,P=Load(N),A=surfaceareaofcube, =100X100mm2
Thecompressivestrengthtestresultsofconcretemade withGGBSandMetakaolininplaceofcementareshown inthetablesbelow.
Calculationformula= where,P=failureload, A=areaofcube(BxL),B=breadth (100mm)ofthecube,L=length(100mm)ofthecube
8.2.3 WATER CEMENT RATIO = 0.43
e ISSN: 2395 0056
p ISSN: 2395 0072
8.2.2 WATER CEMENT RATIO = 0.4
For7days,thenominalmixcompressivestrengthvalueis 35.33N/mm2AndFor28days,thenominalmixcompressive strengthvalueis50.33N/mm2
Table 10: Compressivestrengthvaluesof0.4w/cratio
For7days,thenominalmixcompressivestrengthvalueis 34.37N/mm2 AndFor28days,thenominalmix compressivestrengthvalueis48.33 N/mm2
Table 11: Compressivestrengthvaluesof0.43w/cratio.
Impact Factor value: 7.529
8.2.4 WATER CEMENT RATIO = 0.45
For7days,thenominalmixcompressivestrengthvalueis 32.33N/mm2 AndFor28days,thenominalmix compressivestrengthvalueis46.67N/mm2
Table - 12: Compressivestrengthvaluesof0.45w/cratio.
9001:2008
International
Engineering
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net
Technology (IRJET)
e ISSN: 2395 0056
p ISSN: 2395 0072
8.3.1 TENSILE STRENGTH TEST
Thetablesbelowshowthetestresultsofconcretemadeby substituting cement with metakaolin and GGBS at various percentages.
Calculation formula =2P/πLD x 1000 N/mm2 ,Where P= failure load, L = cylinder length, (300mm),D = cylinder diameter,(150mm)
8.3.3 WATER CEMENT RATIO = 0.43
For 7 days, the nominal mix split tensile strength value is 1.89N/mm2 AndFor28days,thenominalmixsplittensile strengthvalueis3.01N/mm2 .
Table 14: splittensilestrengthvaluesof0.43w/cratio.
8.3.2 WATER CEMENT RATIO = 0.4
For7days,thenominalmixsplittensilestrengthvalueis1.9 N/mm2 And For 28 days, the nominal mix split tensile strengthvalueis3.11N/mm2 .
Table 13: splittensilestrengthvaluesof0.4w/cratio.
8.3.4 WATER CEMENT RATIO = 0.45
For 7 days, the nominal mix split tensile strength value is 1.85N/mm2 AndFor28days,thenominalmixsplittensile strengthvalueis292N/mm2
Impact Factor value: 7.529
9001:2008
Volume:
8.4.1 FLEXURE TEST
The flexure tests have been carried out for nominal beam (beam1)andadmixturesaddedbeam(beam2).Thebeams are tested by applying a load to a loading frame using a hydraulicjackhavingacapacityof2000KN.Hydraulicjacks are used to provide two point loading on a beam with a constant moment. The beam was supported by two basic supports that rested on steel plates measuring 200mm x 100mm. The beam's effective length is 1000mm. To get deflection values, the deflection gauge is mounted at the bottomofthespecimenalongthedepthofthebeam. Thebeams(2no’s)ofsize:1500mmx250mmx150mm have been tested under two point loading. The load deflection characteristics, failure mechanisms, and load capacity curve are analysed. After applying the load uniformlycracksaredevelopedinbeam.Flexurefractures appearfirstinthemiddleofthespan,followedbydiagonal cracks.Later,thesecracksspreadtothespotwhereloadwas applied.
1.BEAM1:M40gradeconcrete,0.4watercementratio.
2.BEAM2:M40gradeconcrete,0.4W/Cratio,10%GGBS and10%Metakaolin replacementofcement,0.5%Steel fibresadded.
e
p
2395
2395 0072
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net
9. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
9.1 Workability
Table8.1showsthatastheamountofGGBSisraised,the slump increases as well. It may be inferred that the higherthepercentagesofGGBS,themoreworkability.
Ascanbeseenintable 8.1,theslumpdecreasesasthe proportionofMetakaolinincreases.Itmaybededuced that the higher the amount of Metakaolin, the less workability.
e ISSN: 2395 0056
p ISSN: 2395 0072
It is observed that beam 2 shows more strength when comparedtothebeam1.Becausethebeam2consistsof 10%GGBS,10%metakaolinand0.5%,ofsteel,fibres.
Theflexural,strengthofbeam2wasincreased,by3.15% whencomparetothenominalconcrete.
10. CONCLUSION
Highercompressiveandtensilestrengthmaybeachieved whenthecementispartially,replaceby10%GGBSand 10%metakaolinwithawatercementratioof0.4.
From table 8.1 it is observed that workability for10 % GGBS&5%Metakaolinmixslumpismaximum,hencethe optimum mix is 10% GGBS & 5 % MK for good workability.
Concreteworkabilityisgreaterforwatercementratiosof 0.4thantheratioof0.43and0.45.
The GGBS shows high workability because it contains calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) which has a high dense andislessporous.
Themetakaolinshowslessworkabilitywhencompareto an a GGBS material because the Metakaolin has high absorptionofwaterduetothemanufactureprocessingis doneintempof650 900 ℃
9.2 Compressive strength and Split tensile strength
When comparing the compressive strength and split tensilestrengthofconcretecreatedbyreplacingcement with GGBS and Metakaolin (10%), the compressive strength and split tensile strength of the concrete producedbyreplacingcementwithGGBSandMetakaolin (10%)showsthehigheststrength.
7 days compressive, strength of 10% GGBS and 10% metakaolin is found to be 37.33 N/mm2 and 36.33 N/mm2 and is optimum, when compared to nominal concreteofstrength35.33N/mm2
28 days compressive strength of 10% GGBS and 10% metakaolinisfoundtobe53N/mm2 and52N/mm2 and is optimum, when compared to nominal concrete of strength50.33N/mm2 .
7 days Split tensile strength of 10% GGBS and 10% metakaolinisfoundtobe1.98N/mm2 and,1.97N/mm2 and,isoptimum, whencomparedtonominalconcreteof strength1.9N/mm2 .
28days Split tensile strength of 10% GGBS and 10% metakaolinisfoundtobe3.34N/mm2 and3.29N/mm2 andisoptimum, whencomparedtonominalconcreteof strength3.11N/mm2
TheGGBSof10%showshighcompressivestrength,and highsplittensilestrength,whencomparetothe20%& 30%ofGGBSbecausethechemicalreactiontakesplace attheadditionof10%GGBSonly,forfurtherpercentages chemicalreactionisnotfullycompleted.
Finally, the compressive strength, and split, tensile strengthachievedishighwiththe,replacementof10% GGBS and 10% metakaolin compared to nominal mix concrete.
Theclinkerdilutioneffectreducesthebothstrengthsof metakaolin by 5% and 15%, respectively, when comparedto10%metakaolin.Thedilutingeffectoccurs whenaportionofthecementisreplacedwiththesame amount of metakaolin. The filler effect, pozzolanic reaction in metakaolin with calcium hydroxide, and compounding effect respond oppositely to the dilution effectsinmetakaolinconcrete.Asaresult,thereexisted an optimum metakaolin substitute for metakaolin concrete.
The load v/s deflection graph of beam 1 has obtained maximumloadof214.6KNfor11mmdeflection.
The load v/s deflection graph of beam 2 has obtained maximumloadof221.36KNfor9mmdeflection.
It is observed that beam 2 shows more strength when compare to the specimen beam 1. Because the beam 2 consistsof10%GGBS,10%metakaolinandO.5%0fSteel fibres.
When compared to the nominal concrete, the flexural strengthofspecimenofbeam2increasesby3.15%.
REFERENCES
In comparison to Nominal concrete, the concrete producedbysubstitutingcementwithGGBS(10%)and metakaolin(10%)showedbettercompressivestrength andsplittensilestrength.
9.3 Flexure test
The load v/s deflection graph of beam 1 has obtained maximumloadof214.6KNand11mmdeflection.
The load v/s deflection graph of beam 2 has obtained maximumloadof221.36KNand 9mmdeflection.
Impact Factor value:
[1] S. Mallikarjuna1, M. Mujahid Ahmed2, “Compressive StrengthofConcreteusingGGBS”,InternationalJournal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research, Volume.05,IssueNo.34,October 2016.
[2] Venu Malagavelli1, Srinivas Angadi2 and J S R Prasad3 “influence of metakaolin in concrete as partial replacement of cement”, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Volume 9, Issue 7, July 2018.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net
[3] Deepthi Dennison1,Jean molly simon2 “effect of metakaolinonthestructuralbehaviourofnormaland steel fibre reinforced concrete beams”, International JournalofScientific&EngineeringResearch,Volume5, Issue7,July 2014.
[4] GirijaVidnyanGaikwad1,Dr.Y.M.Ghugal2,“Experimental InvestigationonMetakaolinModifiedfiberReinforced Concrete”InternationalResearchJournalofEngineering andTechnologyVolume:06Issue:08,Aug2019.
[5] KarikalanAT1,PrabagharA2andSaravananJ3“Flexural behaviourofGGBSconcretebeamwithsteel,hybridFRP and GFRP bars” Turkish Journal of Computer and MathematicsEducationVolume.12No.11(2021)
[6] Egwuonwu,WilliamC1,IboromaZ.SAkobo2 BarisuaE Ngekpe3,“EffectofMetakaolinasaPartialReplacement for Cement on the Compressive Strength of High Strength Concrete at Varying Water/Binder Ratios” SSRGInternationalJournalofCivilEngineering,Volume 6,Issue1,January2019.
[7] Dr.B.Vidivelli1,M.Gopinath2,T.Subbulakshmi3 “Study onflexuralbehaviourofreinforceconcretebeamwith GGBSandsteelfibre”InternationalJournalofScientific &EngineeringResearch,Volume7,Issue6,June 2016.
[8] Dr.K.Srinivasu1, M.L.N.Krishna Sai2, Venkata Sairam Kumar.N3 “A Review on Use of Metakaolin in Cement Mortar and Concrete”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol.3,Issue7,July2014.
[9] Nova John (2013), “Strength properties of metakaolin admixed concrete”, published in materials science, engineering,corpusID:9214164,2013.
[10] Santosh Kumar Karri1, G.V.Rama Rao2, P.Markandeya Raju3, “Strength and Durability Studies on GGBS Concrete”, SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering(SSRG IJCE) volume2 Issue10 October 2015.
[11] Anas, Mohd1. Afaque Khan2, “A Review on Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as a Cement replacing material”,InternationalResearchJournalofEngineering andTechnology,Volume:05Issue:4th Apr 2018
[12] Kasu Naveena1, K. Anantha Lakshmi2 “partial replacement of cement with ggbs and metakaolin”, International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and CivilEngineering,Volume 4,Issue 2,April 2017.
[13] FathimaKS1,AnjalyM2“StudyofPartialReplacementof Cement by Metakaolin and GGBS on High Strength Concrete”,InternationalResearchJournalofEngineering andTechnology,Volume:07Issue:10|Oct2020.
[14] M.Rajaram,A1.Ravichandran2,A.Muthadhi3 “Studieson Optimum Usage of GGBS in Concrete”, International JournalofInnovativeScienceandResearchTechnology, Volume2,Issue5,May2017.
[15] Rathod Ravinder1, K. Sagarika2, K. Deepthi3, P. Alekya Reddy4,R.Spandana5,S.Sruthi6 “studyoncompressive
e ISSN: 2395 0056
p ISSN: 2395 0072
strengthofconcreteonpartialreplacementofcement withGGBS”fromresearchgateConferencePaper June 2018.
[16] IS 456 2000 Specifications for plain and reinforced concrete.
[17] IS:10262 2009Specificationsforplainandreinforced concrete.
[18] IS:8112 1989Specificationsforplainandreinforced concrete.
[19] IS: 383 1970 Specifications for plain and reinforced concrete.
[20] Concrete mix design text book, N.Krishna Raju Sehgal publishers.
[21] Concrete Manual, Gambhir M.L Dhanpat Rai & Sons, NewDelhi
[22] ConcreteTechnologytextbook,M.S.Shetty.
BIOGRAPHIES
VIDYASAGARADANI
P.G.Scholar
DepartmentofCivilEngineering., RYMENGINEERINGCOLLEGE BALLARI,Karnataka,India.
Dr.M.S.SHOBHA Professor. DepartmentofCivilEngineering., RYMENGINEERINGCOLLEGE BALLARI,Karnataka,India.
2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008
