INTELLIGENT MEDI-BOX: A REVIEW
Student, Dept. of ECE, SSIT, SSAHE, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India 572105
Asst.
Dept. of ECE, SSIT, SSAHE, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India 572105
Professor& Head, Dept.ofECE,SSIT,SSAHE,Tumakuru,Karnataka,India 572105
Abstract Medi box is the most frequent thing in everyone’s house, generally people will have a separate arrangement such as a box or a container where they could store the medication that they consume regularly. As generations pass, the number of persons affected with chronic diseases has risen dramatically. Everyone can't remember the right time to take their prescription or plan it in a systematic way. It may include persons with a hectic schedule, an elderly person, and Alzheimer's patients. People may be required to take a variety of drugs at varying intervals of time, and they may become confused as to which medication to take because most pills are of similar color and size. Some people may take more medicine than is recommended, resulting in an overdose and potentially catastrophic consequences. The "INTELLIGENT MEDI BOX" is intended to prevent all of these issues and to sustain a person's well being and excellent health by reminding them to take medication at a certain time as prescribed by their doctor. The major goal of the proposed system is to ensure that, patients take their medications at an appropriate time. This proposed methodology ensures that it fulfils the role of a caretaker by reminding the individual to take their medication on time. It sends updates to the cloud about pill supply levels and sends alarms when the prescription isn't taken.
Key Words: Alzheimer, Caretaker, Chronic disease, Medication, Patient, Pill count.
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, technologies need to be updated with developinggenerationswhotendtoadopt amodernlifestyle. Medicinehasnotalwaysbeentheprecisesciencethatpeople know.Favorablymedicationisdevelopingfromgenerationto generationin ordertoincreaselifeexpectancyandtocure various deficiency, diseases and disordersto ensure good health with a proper intake of medications. Medication adherenceisawordthatdescribeshowcloselypeoplefollow theirhealthcareprofessionals'prescriptions.Patientswhofail totakestrictmedicationregimensremainilllonger.
Manyproblemsariseduetotheenormousdependencyon themedicationandpeoplefailtomanagetheseprocedures regularlyinarightway.Insuchcasestheobjectiveistogive out the patient right pills at the right time.Managing the schedule,sortingthemedicationanddispensingtherightpills attherighttimetothepatientmaysometimehaveahigher error rate if the wrong medication is consumed by the patient. Most of the people around us are suffering from
chronic diseases like Diabetes, Asthma, Arthritis, Cardiac issues, Cancer, etc., According to the Health Promotion Administration (HPA)'s investigation, 88.71% of senior citizenssufferfromatleastoneofthesechronicdiseases[1]. Many health care organizations, practitioners and researchers have acknowledged that, increasing theuse of patientreminderscanimprovechronicillnesstreatmentand patientsatisfaction.
Most of the time, people seem to forget & take more medicine than their doctor has prescribed. Because of the deterioratingmemory,theelderlyisparticularlyvulnerable to thisproblemandinseveresituations,patientsmayforget that the recommended medication has already been taken and retake the same pill numerous times within the same timeframe.Thismaynotbeharmfultolightermedicinesbut makessevere reactions for some strong and concentrated medicines.Toresolvethisproblemastepistakentodevelop amedicationreminderandmonitoringsystem.
The proposed system alerts the patient [2] to take medicineandalsomonitorsthatifthepatienthastakenthe medicationfromthecontainerornot.Iftaken,thepillcountis updatedtothecloud. Ifthepatientfailstotakethepillfrom thecontainer,itsendsanalerttotheprimarycaretakerwhich inturnhelpsthepatienttomaintaintheirhealthinabetter way by consuming the right medication attherighttime
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Theauthorsofarticle[3]proposeasmartmedicinebox that uses IoT technology and contains features such as measuringsensors.Thedevice,whichincorporatesanalarm andaLEDdisplay,isprogrammedusingtheArduino Mega. TheIoTisbeingutilizedtobuildasmartmedicineboxwith key parameter monitoring sensors. The cloud system through IoT, resolves a difficulty of record management betweenpatientanddoctorattheconclusionofthepaper.
In the paper [4] authors have explained about the detailsofmedicineswhicharestoredintheclouddatabase andremainderissetaccordingtotheuserconvenience.The Arduinodevicefetchesthereal timedataandsendsittothe application. A mobile app that generates alarm signals to remind patient to take medication is developed. The availabilityofsensorsandothermedicinalservicesgadgets (IoT)workbetterinconsiderationofpatientsallowingthe real timemonitoring.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net
Theauthorsofpaper[5]explainthesub boxesofthe medicineboxthataremadeavailabletohelppatientswith medicinesthatmustbetakenatdifferenttimesthroughout the day. The current temperature of the surroundings is measured using the temperature sensor, and the user is notifiedifthetemperaturereaches25°C.Thetemperature sensoralsooffersaudibleandvisualnotificationstotellthe user when a specific medicine needs to be taken or restocked. The purpose of a mobile application is to send SMSandemailalerts.
AnoverviewofamodernhealthcareIoTplatformwith healthmonitoringanddiagnosticsispresentedinpaper[6]. ThedataistakenandtransferredusinganESP8266Wi Fi moduleconnectedto anArduino boardvia a Wi Fishield, and the Magnetic Reed switches are long lasting and operatedbysteppermotors.Aremoteuserinterfaceworks hand in hand with RoboRemo software programming to assistpatientsincommunicatingwiththeirguardians.
A pill dispenser is described in paper [7] asbeing developed to reduce mistakes in hospitalsand elder homes. The technological convergenceofIoT,wirelessarea networks, and cloudcomputing has made a significant contribution tohealth care by improving the quality of patient focused monitoring, which is a component of E health care services, and includes medical datacollection, aggregation,transmission,andanalysis.
Inpaper[8]a mobile based automated restsystem thatenhancesmedicationadherenceandbloodpressurein people with high cardiovascular risk. Salubrity is an android based operatingsystem designed primarily for smart phones and reminding the medication with image andalarm.
TheparameterssuchasARM7areexplainedinPaper [9],along with thesoftwaretools OregonComputer Aided Design, which is used to build the schematic diagram, and KeilVision4 and Flash magic, which are used to run a program. This compiled code was written into the microcontroller using the Flash magic programmer. Using variousinstrumentsatvariousstagesofthemedicinebox.
Inpaper[10]theauthorexplainsaboutreminding thepatientsalongwithhowmanypillsandsettheremainder forthesameusingwebormobileapplicationhelpingtheuser with the medication time. Pill indication is made with the helpofcolorrecognitionwhereacolorisassignedtoeachpill andtherespectivecoloredLEDisset.Whentherespective LED is on, it says that it’s time to take that particular medicine.
AccordingtoPaper[11]thehospitalstoresthepatients' medicinesintomedicalbagsandprintsamatrixbarcodeon each medicine bag with information such as the patient's name, patient Id, hospital name, hospital id, medicine Id, medicationtime,andotherpertinentinformation.Acamera will be installed on the inside of the cover to detect the
2022, IRJET
ISSN: 2395 0056
ISSN: 2395 0072
barcode, and the user interface will be installed on the outside of the cover to provide pill reminder and alarm features.
3. PROPOSED MODEL
Impact Factor value: 7.529
Fig 1: FlowChart
Fig 1 shows the flow of the processing of the Intelligent Medi box starts by giving the time as input through an androiddevicewhichisusedtosetthetimeforthedeviceto alertthesystemaccordingtothepredefineddescription.An RTCmoduleisusedtoautomaticallymonitorthetimefrom thetimethatissetoriginally.Whenthetimingmatchesthe present time, the system informs the patient to take the prescribed medication, and the servo motors open the appropriatemedicineslot.
The IR sensor is employed in the suggested model to sense the patient's movements, and when it detects the motionofthepatient'shand,itdecreasesthepill countby one. If the sensor senses the patient's hand and the pill is withdrawnitclosestheslotoftheboxelse,itwillupdatethe patientortheprimarycaretakerwithanalert.Thisprocessis continuedeachtimeaccordingtothetimeallottedbasedon theprescribedtimetotakethemedication.Ifthepillcountis belowtheaveragevaluedefined,itupdatesthecaretakeror theuserwiththealertelse,itupdatestheclouddata.Here, thesystemusesabuzzerandvoiceoutputtoalerttheuser for the intake of medication. It also solves the problem of
9001:2008
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net
keepingthetrackofthepillcountgivingthealertifthecount islow.
Fig 2:BlockDiagramofProposedModel
4. SYSTEM DESIGN AND WORKING
Theproposedmodel'sblockdiagramisshowninFig 2. When the user's device and the Medi Box establish a connection,thesystembegins.TheRaspberryPi 3createa link.Thedeviceprovidesinputtothebox,allowingittoselect thetimeatwhichalarmsmustbenotifiedinaccordancewith the prescription. When the date and time match the predetermined time,analarmistriggeredtoremindpatients totaketheirmedicineattheappropriatetime[12].AnRTC RealTimeClockmoduleisusedtomonitorthetime;thedate and time automatically run from the calendar specified initially,andwhentheymatch thepredeterminedtime,an alarmistriggeredtoremindpatientstotaketheirmedicine attheappropriatetime. An IR sensoris used tosense the motionoftheuser[13].TheIRsensoremitsIRradiationand iftheradiatedsignalreflectstothereceiver thentheoutput ofthesensorcanbedecidedbytheIRreceiverdependingon theintensityof theresponse.Whenitsensesmotionorheat intheuser'shand,itproducesanoutputthatmonitorspill withdrawalwhilesimultaneouslyloweringthepillcountby one,andtheprocedureisrepeatedeachtimemedicineisdue. Hence it is used to monitor the count of pills. And the problemof keeping a track of the number of pills is also solved.Italsogivesanalerttotheuserifthecountislow.
Thecountofthepillisbeingstoredinthecloudthrough AmazonWebServices(AWS).WhenthecountislowMedi box reaches the care taker with an alert through Wi Fi which isinbuiltinRaspberry pi3.Thegoalofthisproposed projectistosendanalertatapredeterminedtime,monitor thepillcount,anddeterminewhetherthepillistakenfrom thecontainerornot.Ifthepillistaken,itshouldupdatethe pillcount;ifitisnottaken,itshouldsendanoutputtothe
ISSN: 2395 0056
ISSN: 2395 0072
deviceindicatingthatthepillhasnotbeenconsumed,aswell as send an alert about the stock of the pill present in the container[14][15].
When the given time matches with thereal time the system gives a LED output along witha buzzer and voice message saying, "It's time totakethepill"andtherespective medicineboxisto beopenedautomaticallyattheprefixed time. The Servo motors are in charge of the automated openingandshuttingmechanism. Here, theoutputofRTC actsasinputortriggertotheservomotorandthemotorruns according to the protocol. It also gives an alert of withdrawal of the pill. Laterit updates the cloud with the appropriate information and the loop continues till the systemisshutdown[16].
5. CONCLUSIONS
According to common observations, people prioritizetheirjobovertheirhealth.Peoplewhoareolder oftenfailtotaketheirmedicationsontimeorgetoverdosed. As a modern healthcare device, this proposed model 'Intelligentmedi box'isdesignedtoalertthepatientstotake therightmedicationsattherighttime.Bycollectingafew reference papers, a literature survey is conducted on the topic.IntelligentMedi boxisacombinationofthephysical anddigitalremaindersystemthatbenefitsindividualofall ages. The working principal is discussed in detail using a blockdiagram,whichcoverspilldispensingandmonitoring ofpillcountinthecontainer.Italsoupdatespillcounttothe cloud.Theproposedmodelwillbeusefulforelderlypersons whoaresufferingfromanyofthechronicdiseases.
REFERENCES
[1] Huai KueiWu1,Chi MingWong2,Pang HsingLiu1, "A Smart Pill Box with Remind and Consumption Confirmation Functions", IEEE 4th Global ConferenceonConsumerElectronics(GCCE),2015
[2] A.J.Al Haider,S.M.Al Sharshani,H.S.Al Sheraim, N.Subramanian, S. Al Maadeed and M. z. Chaari, "SmartMedicinePlannerforVisually Impaired People," 2020 IEEE International Conference on Informatics,IoT,andEnablingTechnologies(ICIoT), 2020.
[3] K Bhavya, B. Ragini, “A Smart Medicine Box for MedicationManagementusingIoT”,JournalofXi'an UniversityofArchitecture&Technology,VolumeXII, IssueV,2020ISSNNo:1006 7930,May2020.
[4] Sultan Ahmad, Mahamudul Hasan, Gouse Pasha Mohammed, et.al, "IoT Based Pill Reminder and MonitoringSystem",IJCSNSInternationalJournalof Computer Science and Network Security, VOL 20, No.7,July2020.
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page3406
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
www.irjet.net
[5] R.Al Shammary,D.Mousa,S.E.Esmaeili,"TheDesign ofaSmartMedicineBox",26thIranianConference onElectricalEngineering, 2018.
[6] M.Srinivas,P.Durgaprasadarao,V.Nagaprudhviraj, "Intelligent Medicine Box For Medication ManagementUsingIot",ProceedingsoftheSecond InternationalConferenceonInventiveSystemsand Control (ICISC 2018), ISBN:978 1 5386 0807 4, 2018.
[7] DiaaSalamaAbdulMinaam,MohamedAbd ELfattah, "Smartdrugs:ImprovingHealthcareusingSmartPill Box for Medicine Reminder and Monitoring System",FutureComputingandInformaticsJournal, November2018
[8] Shivani Sharma, Katyayni Tyagi, Pooja Shishodia, "Salubrity AmedicinereminderapplicationUsing android", InternationalJournalofAdvanceResearch, IdeasandInnovationsinTechnology,Impactfactor: 4.295(Volume4,Issue2), 2018.
[9] Naga Udayini Nyapathi, Bhargavi Pendlimarri, KarishmaSk,"SmartMedicineBoxusingARM
7Microcontroller",InternationalResearchJournalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume 03 Issue:05,May 2017.
[10] Mayuresh Waykole, Vatsalya Prakash, Himanshu Singh, Nalini N, "ArduMed Smart Medicine ReminderforOldPeople",InternationalJournalof Scientific &EngineeringResearch,Volume7,Issue 5,May 2016.
[11] G.Lavanya etal,"IoTEnabledAssistingDevicefor Seizures Monitoring ", IJRESM, vol. 2, Issue.3, pp. 10 14, 2019.
[12] Wissam Antoun et al, “Smart Medicine Dispenser (SMD)”,IEEE,pp.20 23,2018.
[13] B.Othman and O.P. Ek, “Pill Dispenser with Alarm via Smart Phone Notification”, IEEE, pp. 20 23, 2016.
[14] DShashankShinde,TejasKadaskar,PushpakPatil, Rohit Barathe, “A Smart Pill Box withRemind and Consumption Using IOT”, International Research JournalofEngineeringandTechnology,vol.4,no.12, pp. 152 154,Dec2017.
[15] PritiBedmutthaetal"AHealth IoTPlatformBased on the Bio sensor and IntelligentMedicine Box", IJCSMC,vol.6,Issue.4,pp.433 438,2017.
[16] D. Pavan Kumar, et al, "IoT Based Smart Health
ISSN: 2395 0072
ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 04
Monitoring Alert Device", International Journalof InnovativeTechnologyandExploringEngineering, vol.8,Issue.6S,pp.157 160,2019.
BIOGRAPHIES:
RonakRBedre
Student of Electronics and CommunicationDepartment
From Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology bedreronak@gmail.com
PoojaPY
Student of Electronics and CommunicationDepartment
From Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology poojapy2000@gmail.com
BhoomikaRH
Student of Electronics and CommunicationDepartment
From Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology bhoomikapatel@gmail.com
AnushreeS
Student of Electronics and CommunicationDepartment
From Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology anushrees939@gmail.com
PraveenKumarYGobtainedhisB.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from VTU, Belagavi, Karnataka, India in 2008 and Master of Technology in VLSIDesignandEmbedded Systems fromthesameuniversityin2010.He hasbeenworkingasAsst professorin the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India for 11 years. He is a life member of the Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE). He has authored/co authoredmorethan25 articles in refereed international journals and conferences His researchinterestsareintheareasof VLSI System Design, Low power applicationsandDigitalDesign praveenkumaryg@ssit.edu.in
Dr. M Z Kurian obtained his B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Master of Technology in Industrial Electronics from SJCE Mysore and Pursued his Ph.D. from MGR University. He has been working as ProfessorandHODintheDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering,SriSiddharthaInstitute ofTechnology,Tumakuru,Karnataka, Indiafor36years.HeistheCounselor ofSSIT IEEEStudentChapter. Hehas authored/co authoredmorethan100 articles in refereed international journalsandconferences.Hehasbeen Awarded with Best presentation award in 19th International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing at Singapore, January08 09,2017. hodec@ssit.edu.in
