DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THERMAL COOLING SYSTEM FOR PASSENGER COMPARTMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THERMAL COOLING SYSTEM FOR PASSENGER COMPARTMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE

1,2,3,4,5 UG Student of Automobile Engineering, Indus University, Gujarat, India

6 Assistant Professor of Automobile Engineering, Indus University, Gujarat, India

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Abstract – This research work describes the prototype and implementation of automotive cooling system. During the summer and winter seasons, the temperature inside a car parked outdoors can be very high or low, which can be offensive to drivers and passengers. Therefore, there is a need for a device that keeps the inside of the car at a comfortable temperature in parking lots and driveways. The purpose of this research was to build a lightweight and compact car cooler. The car’s air conditioning system allows the driver to maintain a reasonable temperaturewhilesittingat homeorin the parking lot. The designed system can fit in a car hut.

Key Words: Air cooling, Heating, Car Cooling, Car Heating, Cooling fan.

1. INTRODUCTION

Whilesummertimewarmthisindangerous,andwhenwe return to the car that has left open in direct daylight, the cabinisbestoneoven.onthismission,we'vegotadvanceda mannertoquicklycoldyourautomobileoravoidinsummer season. absolutely everyone is familiar with the moment whenitagaintotheirvehicleonawarmsummertimeday, andtheyopenthedoortowelcomematterslikethefreshest regiononthisplanet yourautomobileinsidecabin.

Mostofthepeoplearecurrentlyusingavehicle,andatthe sametimeasriding,theautomayadditionallyoughttopark outdoorsuncoveredtodirectsunlight.ifyouparkyourcarin thedaylightforalongterm,theairwithinthecarbecomes veryhot.Thetemperatureinthecarcaneasilyriseto55°C. Evenonafairlycloudyday,thetemperatureinsidethecar caneffortlesslyreach45°C.it'sdifficulttogetinavehicle that has been uncovered to the sun for several hours. The hightemperaturewithinthecarcausesabsolutesorenessto thedrivingforceforthefirst10minutes.

Incurrentyears,manyresearchersatthethermalcomfort ofvehiclesweresuggested.Onaclearday,thecomfortofthe autoreliesuponcloselyontheheatradiationchangebetween theautomobileanditsenvironment,andtheinnerradiation within the vehicle. Radiation is arguably the maximum instantphenomenonofpowertransfer.Tobesatisfied,itis enoughtobearinmindtheinstantsensationsandcomfort yousensewhileyouswitchonashadedstreetafteralong forceonasunnyday.

The fan gadget installed in the cabin box detects the temperaturewithatemperatureprobeconstanttothecabin thatdetectsthetemperatureandsendsasigntothecooling machine.Thefanmachinesendsasigntothecontrollerthat knows the temperature that detected the temperature. increasingly more with Bluetooth wireless generation, the warmthoftheautomobileevaporatesandthecariscooledto 2 3°C. the percentage of warmth dissipated in the four wheeler maybedecidedfrompreliminarywarmnessswitch analysis.youcanalsoconsciousnessonaparticulargasoline kind.warmnesstransferanalysisconsistsofconvectionand radiationfromtheglasstotheinsideandoutsideofthecar. approximatelyeighty%ofthetemperatureintheautomobile riseswithinthefirst30minutes.

Itthenpassesthruacleanser,scrubber,orotherfilterout that reduces the amount of fuel. whilst the ambient temperaturechangedinto22.2°Cto35.6°C,theaverage temperatureinsidetheautomobilemultipliedbyusing44°C.

On a clear day, the temperature upward thrust of the automobile was simply sizeable despite the fact that the ambienttemperaturewasnotsoexcessive.Theenginecan't offerthesurestoperatingtemperature;consequently,itends intheheavy obligationoperationattheengineandincreases thegasolineintake.

2. Literature Review

P. Danca, A. Vartis, and A. Dožanu [1] developed a methodology for monitoring the internal temperature of vehicles parked in the sun. It can be seen that the temperaturerisesofthevehiclewhenparkedonasunnyday is a significant problem that causes inconvenience to passengers

M.Simion,L.Socaciu,and P. Unguresan [2] studiedFactors thatInfluencetheThermalComfortinsidevehicle.itstates that the ventilator inhales contemporary air from outside intothewithincabinofavehicleandexhaleshotairtothe surface. On a sunny day, solar power is wont to run the ventilator, and to charge the battery at the same time. throughout a cloudy day, the ventilator is driven by the battery.

M. F. Basar, M. Musa, M. Y. Faizal, and N. H. a Razik [3] has found the choice means in Reducing automotive Cabin

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net

Temperature victimization transportable automotive CoolingSystem(Car Cool).themostobjectiveoftheanalysis is to propose a cooling system that ready to management andmaintaintemperaturewithintheautomotiveatthevary oftwenty fivetothirtyonceplaceunderneathverypopular condition. The results of testing show that the vehicle's ownerwhomvictimizationthisproductcapabletotakecare ofthegalleytemperatureapproachingtemperature.

R.Saidur,H.H.Masjuki,andM.Hasanuzzaman[4]investigate thePerformanceofANImprovedstarautomotiveVentilator. Thisinvestigationtriedthat,theimprovedstarautomotive ventilatorwillofferacomfortlevelontopofthepresentstar automotive ventilator. Improved ventilator provided a minimum of Martinmas reduced temperature within a automotivecomparedtothepresentventilator.Theflowof improved ventilator was five.5 times on top of existing ventilator. If the flow of star automotive ventilator is enlarged, the higher result may be obtained for the soak temperature.it'llofferlargercomfortforpassengersontheir initialentrancetothevehicle,keepingtheinsidecooler.

D. Costa and At all [5] will conduct an analysis of the associatedtitleofchildrenleftunattendedinsecularcarsin Brazil.Regardingtheamountfrom2006to2015,wetendto gatherinformationfromthenewsonthirty onecasesand twenty onedeaths.Thecaseslargelyinvolvedacaregiver, particularly a parent, who forgot the child (71%), but the casesalsoincludedthechilddeliberatelyleftinthevehicle (23%) or accesstofour wheels(3%). Childrenserved are moreoftenforgotteninfatalcases(86%),mainlyduetoday care,theninnon fatalaccidentswherecircumstanceswere more evenly distributed between forgetting (40%) and deliberateabandonment(50%).

Danish EPA [6] has done the danger assessment of risky substanceswithintheindoorsettingofcars.thegoalofthis projectistosolicitasummaryofwhetherornottheamount of VOCs in new / new cars will cause a health risk. The project is focusing alone on the emission from the inside elementsofthecabin,becausetheindoorairqualitylaidlow with external contaminants like ventilation air containing exhaust residues of fuel and substances gaseous from the equipmentoftheautomobile,aren'tcoatedbytheproject. the inside elements of the automobile cabin encompass many manmade materials, which can emit completely differentchemicalcompounds.Thecontributionfromevery materialtotheconcentrationwithinthecar'sindoorclimate depends on the area of the fabric, and whether or not the surfaceisroofedbydifferentmaterials.

K. Omar [7] found the detection of the composition of aromatichydrocarbonvaporsformedinsidethepassenger compartmentofthecar.theresultsshowthattheirsquares measurecompletelydifferentcompositionsofgaswithinthe passengercompartmentofthecars.Inadditiontothegas(Z)

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1 (Ethoxycarbonyl 1 Fluoro 2 (Methoxycarbonyl) 1, 3 Butadiene,whichisfoundinsidethecabinsofcars,thereare alternativegasesofsquaremeasurementsuchas (3 Oxo 3H Benzo [F] Chromen 2 Yl) 2, 4 (1H, 3H) Quinoline Dione, Ethane D6, Ethylene D4, Heptacosafluoro Tributylamine, Nonanal, Decanal, caracin capric acid, 11 Dodecen 1 Al,benzenethanamine,3 fluoro a,5 dihydroxy N methyl ,2 basepropionic,organiccompounda methyl a oxo ethyl,silanemethyl ,hexadecenoicacid.

S.C.Vishweshwara,J.MarhoonandA.L.Dhali[8]established thestudyonthemitigationandexcessivetemperaturesof the car interior in Muscat and Oman. It shows that the internationalisolationofthemainstarsofMuscatandOman generally causes very high temperatures in the vicinity, especiallyduringthesummerseason.Duringthesummer,if carsaredirectlyexposedtothesun,theinteriorofthecar canundergoaformofatmosphericphenomenonwhichcan cause the interior temperature to rise and cause car problemssuchascolorfadingandwearoftheseatcovers, andevencauseinjuriestovariouscomponentsofthecabin. Theextremetemperaturethatprevailsinsidethevehiclein daylightisdefinitelyoutofreachoftheoccupantsoncethey arrivetheyhavetodrive.

M. A. Jasni [9] had done Associate in Nursing experimental Comparison Study of the Passive ways in Reducing automotive Cabin Interior Temperature. the aim of this experimental study is to see the foremost technically possible passive technique in reducing the automotive interiortemperature.3wayswerethroughanexperiment studied;mistreatmentsunshades,ventilatorsandwindow tints. A 1.5 national sedan automotive was utilized in this studywhereverithadbeenexposedtodirectdaylightforan amount of five hours for four totally different cases. The temperaturesmeasuredbythermocouplesstrategicallyset atintervalstheautomotivewereobtainedandanalysed.it's discovered that the most temperature occurred at the dashboardforallcases.Theusageofventilatorsisfoundto scale back the typical most temperature for the close air withintheautomotivebythemaximumamountas3.3oC.

Components Specification

Overview

TheArduinoUNOisamicrocomputerwhichisbasedonthe ATMEGA328 microcontroller. It contains 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analogue inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator,aUSBconnector,apowersource,a3ICSPheader, andaresetbutton.containsallofthecomponentsrequired torunamicrocontroller.TheFTDIUSBTOSERIALcontroller chipismissingfromtheUNO,asitisonallpreviouscards. TheAtmega16U2,ontheotherhand,isconfiguredasaUSB toserialconverter.

1.0pinarray:AddedAREF pin, near SDApinand SCL pin, andIOREFnear2othernewpins,RESETpin.Thisallowsthe screentobeadjustedtothevoltagesuppliedbytheboard.In thefuture,theshield will be compatible with bothboards that use AVRs that operate at 5V and Arduino Dues that operate at 3.3V. The second is an unconnected pin that is reservedforfutureuse.

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(IRJET)

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"Uno"manneroneinItalian andbecamenamedtosignify thesubsequentArduino1.0release.Unoandmodel1.0could bethereferencemodeloftheevolvingArduino.Unoisthe modern product at the USB Arduino board and is the referenceversionfortheArduinoplatform.SeetheArduino BoardIndexforacontrastwithprecedingversions.

Summary

Microcontroller

OperatingVoltage

ATmega328

5V

InputVoltage(recommended) 7 12V

InputVoltage(limits) 6 20V

DigitalI/OPins 14 (of which 6 provide PWMoutput)

AnalogInputPins 6

DCCurrentperI/OPin 40Ma

DCCurrentfor3.3VPin 50mA

FlashMemory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which0.5KBusedbybootloader

SRAM 2KB(ATmega328)

EEPROM 1KB(ATmega328)

ClockSpeed 16MHz

Power

ByusingUSBorexternalpowersupply,theArduinoUnocan be powered. The power supply will be selected automatically.TheACtoDCadapter(walloutlet)orbattery canprovideexternal(non USB)power.Youcanconnectthe adapter by plugging the 2.1mm Center Plus plug into the powerjackontheboard.Thebatterycablecanbeplugged intotheGndandVinheadersofthePOWERconnector.The board can be powered from an external 6 20 volt power source.Below7V,the5Vpinsupplieslessthan5voltsand candestabilizetheboard.Ifavoltageabove12Visused,the voltageregulatormayoverheatanddestroytheboard.7to 12istheoptimumrange.

•VIN.InputvoltagetotheArduinoboardwhilsttheusageof anoutsideelectricitydeliver(ratherthanfivevoltsfroma USB port or different regulated electricity deliver). Power maybeprovidedthruthispin.Ifelectricityisfurnishedthru theelectricityjack,getadmissiontoviathispin.

•5V.Theboardregulatoroffersamanaged5Vtothispin.A DC electricity jack (7 12V), a USB connector (5V), or the board'sVINpincanallbeusedtoelectricitytheboard(7 12V). Bypassing the regulator and powering the board at once from the 5V or 3.3V pins, can harm the board. We stronglysuggestyoutowithstandthis.

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StrongerRESETcircuit.

Atmega16U2replacethe8U2.

•3V3.A3.3 voltdelivergeneratedviawayofmeansofthe on boardregulator.

•GND.Groundpins.

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Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net

Memory

ATmega328is32KB(0.5KBisusedforthebootloader).It alsohas2KBofSRAMand1KBofEEPROM(whichcan be readandwrittenusingtheEEPROMlibrary).

3.2 HC-05 Bluetooth to Serial Port Module

Fig -3: HC 05BluetoothtoSerialPortModule

The HC 05 module is a easy Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module that lets in for the development of a obvious wi fi serial connection. Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation serial port Bluetooth module. It has a CSR Blue center 04 External unmarried chip Bluetooth device with CMOS and AFH technology(AdaptiveFrequencyHoppingFeature).Ithasa modestfootprintof12.7mmx27mm.Iwishit'llmakeyour completedesign/improvementmannereasier.

Specifications

Hardwarefeatures

Typical 80dBmsensitivity

Upto+4dBmRFtransmitpower

LowPower1.8VOperation,1.8to3.6VI/O

PIOcontrol

UARTinterfacewithprogrammablebaudrate

Withintegratedantenna

Withedgeconnector

Softwarefeatures

DefaultDatabits:8.1ststop bitBaudrate:38400 There is no parity in this. It has data control supported,baudrate:9600,19200,38400,57600, 115200,230400,460800.

IfPIO0hasarisingpulse,thedevicewillbestopped.

PIO1 status instruction port (low disconnected, high connected).

RedandblueledscanbelinkedtoPIO10andPIO11 individually. When the master and slave are coupled, the red and blue leds blink every 2 seconds,whereaswhentheyaredisconnected,only theblueledblinksevery2seconds.

Impact Factor value: 7.529

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By default, auto connect with the most recently powered ondevice.

Allowthepairingdevicetoconnectwithoutahitch.

Whenauto pairing,thedefaultPINCODEis"0000."

If you are disconnected because you have moved outofrangeofyourconnection,itwillreconnectin 30minutes.

3.3 L298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver

TheL298DualH-BridgeMotorDriverIntegratedCircuitis the bottom of this twin bidirectional motor driver. The circuitwillassistyoutocontrolcarsineachguidelinewith comfortandindependence.Itisproperlydesirableforrobot packages and can be incorporated to a microcontroller simplywithsomemanipulatestrainsinkeepingwithmotor. Simpleguideswitches,TTLgoodjudgmentgates,relays,and differentdigitalgadgetscanallbeconnectedtoit.Thisboard consistsofenergyLEDsignals,a+5Vregulatoronboard,and shielddiodes.

Fig -4 SKU:MDU 1049

Brief Data:

InputVoltage:3.2V~40Vdc.BriefData:

Driver:L298NDualHBridgeDCMotorDriver

PowerSupply:DC5V 35V

Peakcurrent:2Amp

Operatingcurrentrange:0~36mA

Controlsignalinputvoltagerange:

Low: 0.3V≤Vin≤1.5V.

High:2.3V≤Vin≤Vss.

Enablesignalinputvoltagerange:

Low: 0.3≤Vin≤1.5V(controlsignalisinvalid).

High:2.3V≤Vin≤Vss(controlsignalactive).

Maximum power consumption: 20W (when the temperatureT=75℃).

Storagetemperature: 25℃~+130℃

On board+5VregulatedOutputsupply(supplyto controllerboardi.e.,Arduino).

Size:3.4cmx4.3cmx2.7cm

Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net

Schematic Diagram:

Diagram

Board

Technology (IRJET)

FEATURES:DCFan 24V6020

BrushlessDCCoolingFan

SPECIFICATIONS:

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Fig

Ultra quietLow speedbrushlessDCfan

Size:60mm(L)x60mm(W)x20mm(H)

HousingMaterial:HighQualityPlasticHousing 24V,0.15A

Size: 60mm(L)x60mm(W)x20mm(H)

RatedVoltage: 24V

RatedCurrent: 0.15A

RatedPower: 2W

RatedSpeed: 4000RPM

NoiseLevel: 28dB(A) Connector: 2pin/2wire

3.5 CONTAINER BOX

Here we have used the 25ltr plastic container box for the project

The size of the box is 26x45x34 cm.

Fig

CONTAINERBOX

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net

The DS18B20 Arduino Temperature sensor has been waterproofed in this version. When you need to measure somethingfromafarorindampconditions,thistoolcomes inhandy.Whilethesensorcanwithstandtemperaturesupto 125°F,thecableisPVC coated,thuswerecommendkeeping itaround100°F.Evenovervastdistances,thereisnosignal deteriorationbecausetheyaredigital!TheDS18B20usesa 1 Wire interface to provide 9 to 12 bit (adjustable) temperaturereadings,requiringonlyonewire(andground) from a central CPU. 3.0 5.5V systems are compatible. MultipleDS18B20scanexistonthesame1 Wirebussince each DS18B20 has a unique silicon serial number. This enables temperature sensors to be placed in a variety of locations. HVAC environmental controls, measuring temperaturesinsidebuildings,equipmentormachinery,and process monitoring and control are among applications wherethisfunctionalitycomesinhandy.

Specification

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Temperaturerange: 55to125°C

1 Wireinterface

onlyonedigitalpinforcommunication

64 bitIDburnedtochip

Temperature restrictionalarmsystem

Querytime:lessthan750ms

3wiresinterface:redwire(VCC),Blackwire(GND) Yellowwire(DATA)

Stainlesssteeltube

Tubediameter:6mm

Cablediameter:4mm

Length:90cm

2.7 Battery

Fig 10: Battery

Here,wehaveused12 volt1.2Ahrechargeablesealed leadacidbattery.Thelengthofbatteryis3.82”,widthis 1.69”andtheheightis2.01”.

4. Calculation

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Factor value: 7.529

CALCULATIONOFTHEREQUIREDDATAANDTIME

Batterychargingtime

Batteryrating=2amp/hour

Required=1.75amp/hour

Batterylife=1.14hour/allfan

1fan

N=2000rpm I=2.50mAcurrent

Voltage=12volt

P(in)=V×I

=12×250÷0.001 =3watts/Fan

P(out)=2πNT÷60000

=(2×3.14×2000×1.25)÷6000 =2.61watts

Totalpowerconsumption, =P(out)×n(nooffan) =2.61×8

P(total)=20.88watts

P=V×I I=P÷V=20.88÷12=1.75Amp.

Flowperfan, Q=25litters/min(LPM) =25×10^( 3)m^3/min

Totalvolumeofcontainer=25litters

Flowallfan, Q(total)=25×8=200litters/min =200×10^( 3)m^3/min

Totaltimerequiredforcooling, =1min/8 =25sec

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net

5. Conclusion

Inpresentscenario,duetoabnormalatmosphericcondition, harmful gas is generated. The present thermal cooling systemhasacapacitytoreducehazardousgasesandcreate comfortableconditioninsidethecar.

In order to improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicle, it is importanttoreducetheairconditioningloadofthevehicle. If the heat load in the passenger compartment can be reduced, the power consumption of the air conditioning compressorcanalsobereduced

A potential way to reduce a car's fuel consumption is to lower the car's climate temperature. Minimizing the heat build up in the cabin using a fan has been reported as an efficient way to lower the soak temperature. The energy absorbed by the glass determines the temperature of the glassandthusthedirectionofheatflow.

References

[1] P.Danca,A.Vartires,andA.Dogeanu,“AnOverviewof Current Methods for Thermal Comfort Assessment in VehicleCabin,”EnergyProcedia,vol.85,pp.162 169, 2016.

[2] M.Simion,L.Socaciu,andP.Unguresan,“Factorswhich Influence the Thermal Comfort Inside of Vehicles,” in EnergyProcedia,2016,vol.85.

[3] M. F. Basar, M. Musa, M. Y. Faizal, and N. H. a Razik, “Alternative Way in Reducing Car Cabin Temperature Using Portable Car Cooling System (Car Cool),” International Journal of Innovative Technology and ExploringEngineering,vol.3,no.3,pp.140 143,2013.

[4] R. Saidur, H. H. Masjuki, and M. Hasanuzzaman, “Performance of An Improved Solar Car Ventilator,” International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,vol.4,no.1,pp.24 34,2009.

[5] D.CostaandA.Grundstein,“Ananalysisofchildrenleft unattended in parked motor vehicles in Brazil,” International Journal of Environmental Research and PublicHealth,vol.13,no.7,2016.

[6] P. Ferrara et al., “Children left unattended in parked vehicles:AfocusonrecentItaliancasesandareviewof literature,”ItalianJournalofPediatrics,vol.39,no.1,p. 1,2013.

[7] DanishEPA,Riskassessmentofhazardoussubstancesin theindoorenvironmentofcars apilotstudy,no.154. DK 5000 Odense C: The Danish Environmental ProtectionAgencyEditor,2017.

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[8] K.Omar,“Detectionofthevaporbenzenecomposition formedinsidethecarcabin,”ChemicalPhysics,vol.36, no.2011,pp.3501 3503,2011.

[9] N.M.Barnes,T.Ng,K.K.Ma,andK.M.Lai,“In cabinair quality during driving and engine idling in air conditioned private vehicles in Hong Kong,” InternationalJournalofPhysics:ConferenceSeries

[10] S.C.Vishweshwara,J.Marhoon,andA.L.Dhali,“Studyof Excessive Cabin Temperatures of the Car Parked in Oman and its Mitigation,” International Journal of MultidisciplinarySciencesAndEngineering,vol.4,no.9, pp.18 22,2013.

[11] M.A.JasniandF.M.Nasir,“ExperimentalComparison Study of the Passive Methods in Reducing Car Cabin InteriorTemperature,”2012,pp.229 233.

[12] T.HendricksandT.Thoensen,“Passivecoolingsystem foravehicle,”US2005/0061484A1,2003.

[13] A.C.Wong,R.P.Feight,J.D.Duffy,andG.S.Hall,“Vehicle interiorcoolingsystem,”CA2575027C,2007.