A Review on Pesticide Monitoring System for Fruits and Vegetables using IoT
Chithrashree
S
1Department of ECE, Vidya Vardhaka College of Engineering Mysore, India
2Professor, Dept. of ECE, Vidya Vardhaka College of Engineering, Mysore, India
***
Abstract Using photo sensitive effect and the Internet of Things, a unique non destructive method for detecting pesticide toxicity in fruits and vegetables has been devised. As a result consumers will have confidence in the food's safety. To a portable, effective, accurate and user friendly solution to this problem is Safe greens it is a user friendly device that comes in a mobile phone. The app was created to assist customers in choosing the best products, fruits and vegetables of high quality. This is a new way of looking at things. Pesticide in fruits and vegetables can be predicted. The general population will benefit from the solution. This will be beneficial aid in the improvement of the general public's health. As a result, the digitalization process will be accelerated. This technology combines the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile technology
Key Words: Internet of Things, mobile technology, photo sensitive effect.
1. INTRODUCTION
FoodprocessingisoneofIndia'sgreatestindustries,anditisavibrantbusinessthathasgrowninrecentyears.Fruitsand vegetablesaresolelyrecognizedfortheirfreshnessandquality,notfortheirdistinctiveness.Pesticides,flavoringagents,and other unwanted substances ripening agents are used to increase the quality of fruits and vegetables, as indicated by the producers,andtheseripeningagentscausesomemajorhealthconcerns,withcancerbeingoneofthem.Consumersshould learnwhetherornotthefruitsandvegetablestheychoosearesafetoeat.Asaresult,asmartphoneapplicationthatdetermines thepesticidessprayedonfruitsandvegetablescanbedevelopedtohandlethisissuetechnologically.Sensor enabledIoT technologyisusedtodeterminethechemicalcomponentsfoundinfruitsandvegetables.ThiswillhastenIndia'sdigitalization, andcustomerswill profitimmenselybecausethe entireprocessiscarriedoutusingnon destructivetechnologies.Toaid consumers in determining the harmful pesticide levels in fresh vegetables and fruits, we developed an IoT based non destructivetechnologykitwithamobilephone.
Supermarketswillbeabletocriticallyevaluateoffruitsandvegetablesandpresentincentivesforfreshvegetablesthatare towardstheendoftheirlifecycle,minimizingtimesandincreaseprofit,inpartnershipwithfruitandvegetableintegratorsand suppliers.Thequalitydetectorwillallowfruitandvegetableprocessorsandexporterstoevaluatetheirsourcesandorganize theirsupplyanddeliveryactivities.Theywillthenbeabletoreceivehigh qualityitems,whichwillreducewasteandprevent loss. Quality and health officials will benefit greatly from the quality detector since they will be able to access the wholesomenessoffreshvegetablesduringexaminationsusingtheportablescanners,guaranteeingthatstrictguidelinesof fruitsandveggiesaremaintainedacrossthecountry.Andbecausethetoolbecomesportable,foodandsafetyofficialswillbe abletoevaluatemorebusinessesandverifyquality.
Toassurequalityandconsistency,thephysiochemicalcontentsoffoodsaredetermined.Bothdestructiveandnon destructive processesareusedtoevaluateoffruitsandvegetables.Fruitandvegetabletextureandhardnessareassessedusingdestructive proceduressuchaspermeation,pressure,andshearforces.Weemploynon destructiveelectrical,magnetic,spectroscopy,and vibratorytechniquestoassessthequalitativefeaturesoffruitsandvegetables.
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy can be used by Non destructiveAnalysis to analyze the quality of foods. The partialleastsquareregressionandprincipalcomponentsregressiontechniquesareusedtoclassifyPrincipleComponents, whichincreasesperformancetimeandcomplexity.ANIRSandsemiconductorarrayspectrophotometerwithaprecisionof82 percent is used to detect the qualityand pesticide levels. Chemical residues and vegetable quality are thought to be best determinedusingelectricalconductivity.ThedataarecalculatedusingthePHdetector,LDR,thermistor,andTDSsensor.
Agrochemicals can be identified in the ground using acetylcholinesterase(AChE) biosensors. The data is delivered to a centralizedprocessingunit,whichprocessesitbeforesendingthefinalresulttotheregionintheformatofaQRcode.AQR codeindicatesthepesticideresiduelevel.Damagemethodsuseavarietyofchemicalcomponentstoidentifythequalityoffresh fruitsandvegetables.Webuiltconsumer friendlyandportabletechniquestokeepfreshfoodquality.
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PesticidescanbeanalyzedusingGasChromatography(GC)withiontrapmassdetection,flameionizationdetection,nitrogen phosphorusdetection,andLiquidChromatography(LC)withUV,diodearray,laser,orelectrochemicaldetection.However, becauseoftheambiguityoffoodsamples,thesemethodologiesmaylackthespecificityand/orresponsivenessrequiredto meet residue analysis requirements. GC and LC combined to mass spectroscopic, approaches specifically tandem mass spectrometryhavelargelyovertakentheseapproaches.
ThinlayerchromatographyisindeedtheeasiestalternativeforpesticideanalysisinsituationswhenGLCandHPLCarenot feasible.Thinlayerchromatography,suchasthewidelyusedGLC,willnotbeusedtoexaminematerialsofuncertainoriginor screenforunknowncompoundsonitsown.Whenworkingwithmarketcommoditieslikecabbageandmanyothervegetables, thinlayerchromatographydoeshavevirtueofbeingalow costmethod.Thinlayerchromatography,asaresult,canbeusedin moreisolatedregionswithunreliableelectricalsourcesorascarcityoftrainedemployeesinother,moreintensiveprocesses.
CapillaryElectrophoresis(CE)isone ofthemost intriguinganalysistechniquesfor thequick qualitativeand quantitative examinationofmoleculeswithawidevarietyofchargesandmolecularmass,includingtinymoleculessuchasaminoacidsas wellasbigmacromoleculessuchasproteinsandnucleicacids.CEhasemergedasafeasiblealternativetotheextensively employedHPLCandGCforpestmanagementbecausetoitsversatilityandexcellentseparationefficiency.
In2003,AnastassiadesandcolleaguescreatedtheQuEChERS(Quick,Easy,Cheap,Effective,Rugged,andSafe)processto extractpesticidesfromfruitsandvegetables.Thismethodwasestablishedasalow cost,environmentallysustainable,and user friendly alternative to meeting the growing needs of multi residue analysis while preserving quick recovery and reproducibility.AliquidbarrierwithanorganicliquidisusedintheQuEChERSmethod,whichissucceededbyascatteringSPE forcleanup.Manylaboratoriesthroughouttheworldhaveembracedit,andtheAssociationofAuthorizedAnalyticScientists providesofficialtechniques.
Colorimetricsensorsareaviablechoiceforovercomingthecontaminationmeasurementconundrum.They'reeasytocreatein general,andthesignalmaybeseenwiththebareeyesinamatterofseconds.Nanoparticle basedcolorimetricsensors(NPs) arenowbecomingextremelytemptingforthedetectionofnumerousrisksduetotheirintriguingcapabilities,suchaslarge absorptionrate,highsurfacearea,andlocalizedsurfaceplasmaresonance(LSPR).WhenthetargetanalyteisaddedtotheNPs solution,theLSPRfundamentalabsorptionshifts,aswellasmodificationsincolorandaggregatesize.Basedontheparticular physicochemical features of NPs, a plethora of AuNPs colorimetric detectors for highly sensitive monitoring have been developed.
2. LITRATURE REVIEW
AradhanaBSandAishwaryaRaj[1]hasproposedthemethodologywhichistheintegrationof3modules.Itdetectspesticide residueinbothfruitandvegetable.AtfirstthefruitrecognitionframeworkusingCNNisproposed.Itusesfruitsize,colorand texturetorecognizeeachpicture.Thewebcamwillcapturetheimageofthefruitandvegetablethatisused.RGBimageofthe sampleisthencomparedwiththedatasetthatalreadycontaining90380differentfruitandvegetableimagesandidentifiesthe sample.ThefirstmodulehastheIRsensorwhichdetectsthequalityof thesample.Thesecondmodulehastheethylegas sensorwhichisusedtodetectwhetherthefruitisripenedusingtheartificialripeningagentornotandthelastmodulehasthe LDRsensorthatdetectsthepesticideresidueusingNDVImethod.Thesensors intheexperimenthadalreadyassignedthe thresholdvalue.theobtainedexperimentalvaluesarethencomparedwiththethresholdvalue.Iftheobtainedvaluesare greaterthanthethresholdvaluethentheLCDdisplaysREJECTwhichmeansthatthesamplefruitorthevegetablehaspesticide init.
Shengan Wang, Taota Mu [2] proposed a system which detects the pesticide using nano SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy)chipintegratedwitha smartphone basedRamansensor.Thesystemconsists ofSERSchip,adaptor,SERS terminal.Initiallythesampleisdilutedinacetonitrileto10ppm.Inthesystemthechipsareinsertedina15mmwideslot, whichisof10mmand8.7mmfocallengthandworkdistancerespectively.Thesystemisbuiltinsuchawaythatthelasercan justfocusonthesurfaceofthechip.ThetraceamountofdilutedsolutionisthenplacedontheSERSchipandthentheRaman signalofeachpesticidepresentinthesamplewascollectedafterthesolutionisdried.ThesizeoftheSERSbaseisabout 10ppm.Aftertheprocessiscompleted,thechipcanbedirectlyremoved.INthismethod12differentpesticidemoleculescanbe detectedwhichincludesflusilazole,metalaxyl,hexaconazole,fludioxonil,dimethoate,acetamiprid.Thischipisinsertedintothe SERSterminalandbymobileapplication,themeasurementofthepesticideresiduecanbedetected.
HyeokJungKimandYejiKim[3]hasdevelopedthesystemtodetectpesticideinthesampleusingcolorimetryi.edetectionof pesticideusingcolors.Theproposedsystemusespapermicrofluiddevicewhichhasthehydrophobicbarriersbywhichthe
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analyticshavingfluidscanpassthroughhydrophilicchannelandensuresthesensingperformanceastheflowreachesthe analyticreagents.Inthismethodthroughlateralflowassay(LFA)basedmicrofluiddevice,Organophosphatepesticidesare probedasanalytes.Paraxonandtrichlofronaredetectedbytheinhibitionofacetylchlinesterase.Indoxylacetatesareusedasa chromogenicsubstratebythesensorswhichdevelopbluecolorwhentheinhibitorisnotpresent.Todevelopbluecolorfrom yellowcolor,anotherchromogenicagentindophyenylisusedinLFApaper.Forthedetectionofprofenofosaandmethomyl anotheryellowcolorbasedLFAsensorisused. Inordertoenhancetheirstabilityandsensitivity,thesensorsaremanufactured usingchitosangelmixtureandforerunnerofthechromogenicsubstrate.Bythecompetitiveinhibitionreactionbetweenthe pesticideandthereagent,thepesticideinthesampleisdetectedusingthree dimensionalpaper.Thismulti layeredpaper devicepermitsforthequickandeasywaytodetectthepesticideinthesampleanditisalsoeasytodispose.Further,itcan makeuseasthesuitablesensorforfirstscreeningdetectionofthepesticideinfruitsandvegetables.
MVillarNavarroandMiguelACabezon[4]hasdevelopedaprocesscalledconcurrentdeterminationofpesticideinfruitsby usingsecondorderfluorescencedataresolvedbyunfoldedpartialleastsquareswhicharecombinestoresidualbilinearization. Fortheconcurrentdeterminationofthenaturalfluorescentpesticides,carbaryl,carbendazimandthiabendazoleinorangeand banana,achemometricaidedspectroflurimetricmethodhasbeendeveloped.Forsamplepre treatment,methanolisutilized. Throughsecondordermulti variantcalibrationmethod,emissionexcitationfluorescencematriceswereprocuredandsettled. This is derived from unfolded partial least squares merged with the residual bilinearization to accomplish second order benefits.Inthisway,eveninthepresenceofinnerfiltereffects,backgroundinterplay,powerfulspectraloverlapping,pesticides aredeterminedinfruits.BystatisticallycomparingtheresultsofrealsamplewiththoseprocuredbyusingHPLC.LODsof0.038, 0.054,and0.018mg.kg 1and0.044,0.072,and0.020mg.kg 1wereobtained.
FabioLecceseandCagnetti Sabino[5]hasproposed a systemcalled electronic nose for pesticide detection.Itconsists of parallellyworkingcommercialgassensors.Basedontheiravailabilityonthemarket,thesetofsensorswereselected.Two dynamicsensorshavebeeninsertedinaspecificelectroniccardtomakethemagreeableandallareplacedinamotherboard. Nexttotransmittowardinternet,theelectronicnodeisprovidedwithacceptablecommunicationinterface.TodriveaCOTS card,characteristicsofthesensorsaretrialedusingLabviewSW.Collectingdatafromthesensorsandconcurrentlymanaging thegasflowintothetestchamberthroughaseriesofpumpsandsolenoidvalvesareassured.Thepreliminaryqualitativetest wasconductedandameasurementbenchwasreleasedandthesensorresponsestodifferentgasesaredepictedbyfirsttest. Differentbehaviorofdifferenttransducersisspottedinthenextstep.Lastlytheresponsesofdifferentgasesarediscriminated bygatheringmeasurementalgorithmsandtolocatepesticides.
DeepaliGuptaandBalwinderSinghLakha[6]hasproposedasystemthatdetectsthepesticideingivenvegetablesampleusing sensors,electricalconductivityandpH.Initiallyvegetablesamplesarecleanedandthejuiceisextractedfromit.Thefixed amountofdistilledwaterismixedwiththeobtainedvegetablejuiceinordertopreparethesolution.Thenthesolutionisadded withfewdropsofchloropyrifosisandwaitfor2minutes.Afterthat,differentsamplesofvegetableatambienttemperatureare usedtoevaluatepesticideusingthreedifferentsensorsforbyvaryingtheamountofpesticideinsolution.Thismethodis impliedforpesticidefreesamples.Nowapplicationofthemethodonpesticidecontainingsampleisdone.Obtainedvegetable sampleanddistilledwaterismixedtopreparethesolution.Afterthatthesamestepsarecarriedoutasusedforpesticidefree samples.At lastthegraphisplottedwithrespectedtopesticideconcentrationbyconsideringthecomparisonresultsobtained fromboththeexperiments.IftheLCDdisplay"Normal",itmeansthecomparedresultshowlessvariationwithreferencevalue, ifnottheLCDwillshow"Impurityisdetected".
TejkanwarSinghandMandeepSingh[7]hasdevelopedahand helddeviceforpesticidedetectionusingNDVI.Inthispaper theydesigneda circuitin whicha numberofsensorscanbeinteractedwithit,sothattheaveragevalueofthe subjectis obtained.Initiallypowercircuitisconstructedwiththeoutputvoltageof5Vtothemicrocontrollers,LCDandsensors.The microcontrollerisinterfacedwith2IRsensorsandthephotodiodewhichperformsthefunctionoftransmitterandreceiver respectively.NextthefiltercircuitismadeinsuchawaythatitamplifiesthereceivedinputfromtheIRcircuit.Thedistortion freemicrocontrollerreceivestheamplifiedoutput.TheADCinthemicrocontrollerconvertstheanaloginputsignalandthe formula:NDVI=B A/A+BisusedtocalculatetheNDVI.ThenthegraphisplottedforNDVIvaluesoforganicandinorganic subjects.Theinorganicsubjectisindicatedbyredlineandthebluelinefororganicsubject.Thisbotharecomparedandthe pesticidelevelisdetectedinthesample.
Dong kyuLeeandGiyoungKim[8]usedTHznear fieldenhancementmethodforultrasensitivedetectionofpesticide.They developedasystemwhichishighlysensitiveanditisaselectivesensitivetoolbasedonthetetra hertz(THz) TDSsystem whichusesnanoscalemetamaterialsfordetectingpesticideresidue.VariouspesticidesaretestedandtheirTHzabsorbance spectrumsarecollectedandthenforthefurtheranalysisoftheperformanceofthemetamaterialsensingchip,amethomyl moleculewaschosen.Thenano slot antennaarray basedTHz sensingchipisdesigned.Atacertainfrequencythechiphasthe strongresonance.ThefruitiscutandthentheTHzwavespenetratethesampleinfewmilli metersfortheexaminationofthe
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pesticideresidue.Forthispurpose,THzspectroscopyinreflectionconfigurationisconsidered.Bymeasuringthechangeinthe THzbeamreflectedattheinterfacebetweenthesensorchipandthesample,theamountofpesticidecanbedeterminedinthe samewayinthetransmissionconfiguration.Thesampleincutincertaindimensionanddried.Afterthemethomylsolutionwas droppedonthesample,itisaffixedtothenano slot antennaSCinordertofocusTHz.Terahertzwavehasbeencontinuously reflectedbythesampleinthetimedomainviaapluralityofinternalreflections.Basedonthat,two dimensionalcompound distributingimagingwasperformed.ThereflectedTHzimageshowsacleardifferencebetweenbarespotsandmethomyl stainedspots,effectivelydetectingpesticideresidues.
Huang Xingjiu and Lui Jinhauai [9] proposed a system that detects the pesticide in the given sample by detecting the appearanceoftwopesticidegasesinthesample.Toperformquantitativeanalysisofabinarygasmixtureinair,itusedonly SnO2sensorinarectangulartemperaturemode.Theparticlesizeofthematerialis20 50nm,andthetemperatureofthe sensorvariesbetween50 300degreesCelsiusdependingontherectangularheatingvoltagemodewithfrequencies20MHz, 25MHz,30MHzand50MHz.Thesystemfeaturesacomputer controlledmassflowcontroller,Teflonchamber,andmultimeter. Thetemperaturechangesbymodulatingtheheatervoltagewithapowersupplydrivenbyafrequencygenerator.Theflowof compressedgasisusedastheflushinggas.Thetestgaswasstandardataconcentrationof0.1ppmacephateandtrichlorophon gas.GassensitivityisdefinedasS=Rair/Rgas.Here,RairandRgasaretheresistancesofthesensorsinairandpesticidegas, respectively. Finally, the static response of the sensor to the trichlorophon and acefate gas atmosphere, the effect of temperatureonsensitivity,theeffectoftemperaturemodulationfrequencyonthetestgasresponse,theeffectoftemperature ataconstantfrequencyof20MHzisprocuredandfromthechangesinthepolarplots,theconcentrationofthepesticidegases isprocured.
YiqunZhuandLiangbaoYang[10]hasdevelopedasystemtodetectthepesticideresidueatvariouspeelsusingD SERS.This methodislowcostandhighlyefficientforthesamplecollection.AgNP decoratedfilterpaperwhichisusedfortheprecise detectionandtheidentificationofthepesticideinthesample,isthecommonlyusedpracticalSERSsubstrate.Apaper based deviceisswabbedacrossthedifferentsurfacetocollectsample.AgNP decoratedfilterpapercombinedwithD SERSareused intheSERSexperiment.Thesystemismainlyusedforthelaboratorypurpose.
DrBhandriRanu[11]hasdevelopedamethodtodetectthepesticideinvegetablesandfruitsusingQuEChERSmethod.Inthis processthesamplefruitsorvegetablesarecutintopiecesandthenmaceratedwiththegrinder.A15gmaceratedsampleis thenweighedintoa50 mLcentrifugetybealongwith30mLacetonitrileandthemixtureisshakenwellforabout1minuteina vortexshaker.Thentransfertoasecondcentrifugetubecontaining4gofanhydrousMgSO4and1gofNaCl.Shakethemixture againonavortexshakerfor1minuteandcentrifugeat3000rpmfor5minutes.Next,8mlofthisextractisplacedina15ml centrifugetubecontaining1.2gofanhydrousMgSO4and0.4gofprimarysecondaryamine,whichisalsoshakenvigorouslyfor 1minuteandcentrifugedat3000rpmfor5minutesLastlya2mLofthisextractispipetted outintoaglasstubeandthe solventisevaporatedusingaTurboVapevaporatorat30CusingpsiN2gasover15minutes.Thedetectionandquantification ofdifferentpesticidecompoundswascarriedoutbyinjectingmicrolitreoftheextractintoagaschromatographwithhasboth anelectroncapturedetectorandaflamethermionicdetector.Theresiduesareestimatedbycomparingthepeakareasofthe sampletothoseofthestandardvaluesunderidenticalconditions.
Guo Zhaol and Yemin Guol [12] has developed a system for pesticide detection based on and internet of things and acetylcholinesterasebiosensor.Itconsistsofthreeparts:ahypogyniccomputerbasedontheAChEbiosensor,andanepigynic computerbasedontheLabviewplatformandtheinformationexchangeplatform.TheAChEwasimmobilizedonaworking electrodeandthenreactedwiththesubstratetogenerateaweakcurrentsignal.Themandibularcomputingdevicecollectsthe generatedweakcurrentsignalandconvertstheweakcurrentsignalintoastandardvoltagesignalof0 5Vasanoutputsignal. You can then get the pesticide residue concentration based on the changed voltage signal. The information is then sent wirelesslytotheepigeniuscomputer.TheinformationissetasthedatabaseanditisaccessedwheneverneededusingtheQR code.
RohanDasikaandSiddharthTangirala[13]hasdevelopedaneffectivemathodtoscreenthepesticideresidueinfruitand vegetablesampleusingliquidchromatographytandemmassspectroscopy(LC MS/MS).Inthisprocesstheacetate buffered QuEChERSsamplepreparationmethodforpesticidesisappliedtoallsamples.Thesolutionispreparedusingpolytetrafluoro ethylene,triphenylphosphate,acetonitrile,MGSO4andsodiumacetatetrihudratewhichareaddedwitheachotherandshaken forcefullyforcertaintimeandcentrifugedat4000rpmfor4minutes.Theextractwasthenevaporatedtodrynessundera streamofargonandreconstitutedwith800mlacetonitrile/waterforLCMS/MSanalysis.AnAgilent1100HPLCsystemwas usedforLCanalysis.Includesbinarypump,degasser,columncompartmentandautosampler.AppliedBiosystemsAnalyst1.4.2 softwareisusedtocontrolequipmentandprocessdata.CommercialmethodsfromAppliedBiosystemsanditslibrariesare usedtomeasurepesticides
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Table 1: Various Pesticide Monitoring System for Fruits and Vegetables
Various Pesticide Monitoring Systems for Fruits and Vegetables
1)Qualityandpesticidedetectionin fruitsandvegetables.
2)Pesticide detection using Nano SERESchipandsmartphone based Ramansensors
*Userfriendly
*Levelofaccuracyishigh
*Accurate
*Goodprobability
*Highsamplecollectionefficiency
3)Development of colorimetric papersensorforpesticidedetection usingcompetitiveinhibitionreaction
4)Pesticide detection using second orderfluorescencedataresolvedby unfolded partial least squares coupledtoresidualbilinearization.
5)Electronic nose for pesticide detection:Afirstrealization.
6)Pesticide residue detection using ECandpHsensor.
*Easytouse *Easytodispose *Fastandcheap
*Sensitive *Selective
*Use of commercial sensors which areeasilyavailableinmarket.
*Quickdetection
*Canbeusedformilk andwaterto checkimpurities.
7)Hand held device for pesticide detectionUsingNDVI.
8)Ultrasensitive detection of pesticide residue using THz near fieldenhancement
9)Pesticide detection using modulating Temperature over a singleSnO2 basedgassensor.
10)D SERS substrate for the detection of Pesticide residue at variouspeels.
11)Pesticide residue in vegetables andfruits.
12)Pesticideresiduedetectionbased on acetylcholinesterase biosensor andIoT
13)Pesticide residue analysis of fruitsandvegetables
*Portable *Costeffectiveandsafety
*Non destructiveapproach *SensitiveandSelective
*Rapiddetectionoflow concentration
*Lowcost *Efficientforsamplecollection
*UsesQuEchERSmethod. *Accurate
*UsesInternetofThings. *Informationisstoredasadatabase.
*Usesliquidchromatography.
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*Timeconsuming * Expensive as it has integration of 3 modules
*Expensive *Morenumberofsteps
*Gradientcolordevelopment *Sensitiveperformance
*Suitableforlaboratory Purposeonly.
*Complexarchitecture
*Notsoaccurate
*Bettersensorsareneededtogetless errors.
*Itlacksquickandprecise detection.
*Lackofstabilityandselectivity *Non linearfrequencytimeproblem
*LargeconfocalRamanmicroscopeis needed.
*Chemicalsareusedextensively. *Cannotbeusedonaday todaybasis.
*Notsoaccurate *Complexchemicalsareused.
*Timeconsuming
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3. CONCLUSION
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Different methods of determining the grade of fruits and vegetables are included in the methodology. The presence of pesticidesindicatesthelevelofquality.PesticidecheckingoffoodstuffswillbestreamlinedbyswitchingfromnumerousGC analysestoaunifiedGC/MSanalysis.Thiswillallowforfasterexaminationofawidervarietyofpesticideclasses.Forvarious applications,aquick,derivatization freeCE MSapproachforGLPanalysisincomplicatedmatriceswasdeveloped.Selective GLPanalysiswaspossiblebecausetotheemploymentofaPVA coatedcapillarywithlowabsorptiontothecapillarywalland goodseparationefficiency. So thisliteraturereviewgivesinsightstodifferentmethodsofdetectingpesticideinfruitsand vegetables.
REFERENCES
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[12]GuoZhaol,YeminGuol,XiangyouWang.“Asystemforpesticideresiduedetectionandagriculturalproductstraceability based on acetylcholinesterase biosensor and internet of things”. School of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Shandong UniversityofTechnology,NO.12,Zhangzhou.PublishedonFebruary2011.
[13] Rohan Dasika, Sidharth Tangirala and Padmaja Naishadham “Pesticide residue analysis of fruits and vegetables”. Departmentofchemistry,OsmaniaUniversity,Hyderabad,India.AcceptedonDecember2011.
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