International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page50
Soil stabilization is the process of improving the soil propertiesbydifferentmethods.Duetovariousreasonsthe soil at a particular site does not meet the requirement of particular project such as shear strength, unconfined compressive strength and bearing capacity of soil. In that case,itismostnecessarytomodifythesoilpropertiesasper requirements.Thisstudyutilizescoirfiberforimprovingthe strengthparametersofclayeysoil.Coirfiberextractedfrom theoutershellofacoconuthusk.Itisalow costmaterialand readilyavailable.byperformingsoilimprovementfollowing advantagescanbeachieved: ItimprovesBearingCapacityofsoil Itreducesgroundsettlements. Manyresearchworkhasbeendoneutilizingthecoirfiberfor stabilizationofsoilwhichare: [1] Sasikala S et al. (2019). WhenSoilwasreinforced with 1.2 % Coconut Coir Fiber, it was observed that there was 47.4 % increase in UCS strength and 4 times increase in soaked CBR value compared to unreinforced soil. The maximumUnconfinedcompressivestrengthwasincreased to132kPafrom90kPa [2]Prag M Chaple (2016)
InthetestitwasobservedthattheU.B.Chasincreasedfrom 250kN/m2to415kN/m2for0.25%coirfiber,495kN/m2for 0.50%coirfiber,445kN/m2for0.75%coirfiberandfinally itreducesto360kN/m2 for1%coirfiber.
3Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, B.I.T Sindri, Dhanbad ***
[4] Singh and Arif (2014)
2. MATERIAL USED IN STUDY
from1.87gm/ccto1.96gm/cc.C.B.R ratio from 2.12% to 6.71% and U.C.S value from 0.2058 kg/cm2 to 0.3753 kg/cm2 at O.M.C of 12.25%.
[3] Singh and Mittal et al (2014)
Key Words: Coir Fiber, Stabilization, Clayey Soil, Maximum Dry 1.INTRODUCTIONDensity
Abstract
STABILIZATION OF SOIL USING COIR FIBER
1M.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, B.I.T Sindri, Dhanbad
Ujala Kumar1 , Dr Vikrama Pandey2 , Prashant Ranjan Malviya3
They conducted an experimental study on silty sand (SM) (localsoil)mixedwithvaryingpercentageofcoalash(20%, 30%,40%and50%)andcoconutcoirfibre(0.25,0.50,0.75 and 1.0%). They performed unconfined compressive strength(UCS)andCaliforniabearingratio(CBR)testson thesoilmixedwithcoalash&coirfibreboth.Theyobserved thesignificantimprovementinUCSandCBRvaluebyadding 20%ofcoalashand0.25%coirfiberinthesoil.Theirresults showedthattheUCSvalueismaximum(2.81kg/cm2),for 20%coalashmixedwith0.25%coirfiberinsoilthentheun soakedandsoakedCBR valueswasincreasedfrom10.5% and5.6%to27.7%and14.6%,respectively.Theoptimum percentage of soil coal ash coir fibre mix is arrived at 79.75:20:0.25(byweight)
The CBR value of soil mixed with 1% coir fibre improves from4.75percentto9.22percentwhenitiswet,andfrom 8.72%to13.55%when itisnotsoaked. When1percent randomly dispersed coconut is added to the soil, the UCS increasesfrom2.75kg/cm2 to6.33kg/cm2
2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, B.I.T Sindri, Dhanbad
2.1 CLAYEY SOIL Clayisafinelygrainednaturalrockorsoilmaterialthatis madebythecombinationofoneormoreclayeyminerals.It contains high percentage of fine particles and colloidal substances,itbecomestickywhenwet.Claysareplasticdue to particle size and geometry as well as water content. It becomeshard,brittleandnon plasticupondrying.Claysare distinguishedfromotherfine grainedsoilsbydifferencesin size and mineralogy., despite the fact that many naturally occurringdepositscontainbothsiltsandclay.Itisclassified asclaywhenparticlesizeissmallerthan2µbyISO14688
This research focused on the compaction characteristics (MDD, OMC & UCS) and strength properties (CBRValues)ofexpansivesoils suchasclayeysoil Compaction characteristics and bearing capacity can be improved by stabilizationprocess ofsoil. These properties canbeimproved by controlled compaction using mechanical equipment or by addition of suitable admixture or reinforcing the soil with crumb rubber, plastic waste, fiber etc. here we used natural fiber like coconut coir fiber. Reinforcement of soil with coir fiber is low cost approach for improving the soil properties such as (unconfined shear strength, MDD value, CBR value). It includes effects of coir fiber on clayey soil based on the results of Standard Proctor tests, unconfined compressivestrength tests, Atterberglimit test,andCalifornia Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests Coir Fiber was added in different proportions of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1% respectively It is found that with addition of coconut coir fiber at 0.5%, with clayeysoilM.D.D changes
1. IS:2720(Part7) 1980Standardproctortest 2. IS:2720(Part10) 1991Unconfinedcompressive strength(UCS)test
Basedontheaboveresults,thesoilwasclassifiedasClayof LowPlasticity.
Thevariation in the OMC andMDDonincreasingtheCoir fiberasfollows:
Coir Fiber
According to plasticity chart value of Ip from equationofAline =0.73(WL 20) =0.73(31.3 20) =8.24 AsIp>ValueofIpfromAline&liquidlimit<35 • Hence,SoilisCLsoil(clayoflowplasticity)
4.1 PROPERTIES & CLASIFICATION OF SOIL
2.2 COIR FIBER CoconutcoirFiberisobtainedfromthehuskofcoconutand belongstothegroupofhardstructuralfibers Thecoconut huskismadeupofasmoothwaterproofouterlayeranda fibrouszone.Coirfibercomesintwovarieties:brownfiber frommaturecoconutsandwhitefiberfromimmaturegreen coconuts. Brown coir fiber may be utilized in highways projects. This brown coir fiber is elastic enough to twist withoutbreaking Inthisstudybrowncoconutfiberhasbeen used. Physical properties of coir fiber Table2. source (Ravi Shankar et al.)2012 Lenthininches 6 8 Density(gm/cc) 1.40 Tenacity(g/Tex) 10.0 Elongation% 30% Diameterinmm 0.1 0.5 RigidityModulus(GPa) 1.8 Thesizeinthisstudyisused15cmto20cm. 2
2.Thefibrehasahighdegreeofretainingwaterand alsorichinmicronutrients.
1. LiquidLimit=31.3% 2. Plasticlimit=21.6% 3. % passingthrough75µ=57.60%
Afterperformingvariousexperimentfollowingpropertiesof soilwerefound
3. IS: 2720 (Part 16) 1987 CBR test (California BearingRatio)test 4. IS: 2720 (Part 5) 1985 Atterberg Limit test for liquidsandplastics 5. IS:2720(Part3) 1980Specificgravitytestofsoil usingpycnometer
COCONUT
Advantages of coir fiber
Variouslaboratorytestshavebeenperformedtodetermine the properties of the the natural soil and soil mixed with differentproportionsofcoirfiber(0.25%,0.5%,0.75%and 1%).Inordertostudythepropertiesofstabilizedsoil,the different tests have been conducted. Those tests are Standard Proctor test, Atterberg’s limit test, Unconfined compressivestrengthtest,CBRtest
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
3Thefibersinsteadofgoingtowasteareexploredfor newuses
PlasticityIndex(PI)=LL PL =(31.3 21.6) =9.7%
3. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
1. Thefibreisabundant,non toxicinnature, biodegradable,lowdensityandverycheap.
FollowingIS:Codeswerereferredfortheperformanceofthe testareasfollows:
Fig
4.2 EFFECT OF COIR FIBER ON OMC AND MDD
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page51 Table 1 Properties of soil used in study PARAMETER VALUES LiquidLimit 31.3% PlasticLimit 21.6% PlasticityIndex 9.7% SpecificGravity 2.36 UCS 20.18kN/m2 UnsoakedCBR 2.12% MDD 16.66%
Fig 4 : Effect of Coir Fiber on OMC Fromfigure4,itwasobservedthatOMCdecreasedfrom 14.53 % to 12.25% when proportion of coir fiber increasesfrom0%to0.5%afterthatOMCincreasesto 14.59%and18%whencoirfiberproportionincreases from0.5%to0.75%and1%respectively.
Fig 3: Effect of Coir Fiber on MDD Fromfigure3,itwasobservedthat onincreasingcoir fiberproportionfrom0%to0.25%and0.5%MDDvalue increased from 1.87g/cc to 1.92g/cc and 1.96g/cc respectively. On further increment in coir fiber proportion from 0.5% to 0.75% and 1.0%, The MDD valuedecreasedfrom1.96g/ccto1.93g/ccand1.89g/cc respectively.
0%
1.0
Fig 5 : Effect of coir Fiber on CBR
InitiallyCBRvaluewas2.12%onincreasingcoirfiber upto0.50%itincreasesto6.71% thenitdecreasesto 6.17%and5.95%whencoirfiberproportionincreases to0.75%and1% Fig 6: Load vs Penetration curve with different percentage of coir fiber
Maximum
Table 3 Effect of Coir Fiber on MDD and OMC Coir ProportionFiber Dry Density ContentMoistureOptimum 1.87g/cm3 14.53% 0.25% 1.92g/cm3 14.25% 0.50% 1.96g/cm3 12.25% 0.75% 1.93g/cm3 14.59% % 1.89g/cm3 18.00%
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page52
4.3 EFFECT OF COIR FIBER ON UNSOAKED CBR VALUE
ThevariationintheUnsoakedCBRValueonincreasingthe CoirFiberProportionareasfollows: Table 4 Effect of Coir Fiber on Unsoaked CBR Coir Fiber (%) 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 Unsoaked CBR (%) 2.125 4.33 6.71 6.17 5.95
U.C.SValueincreasedby81%onadditionof0.5%coir fiber, Itincreasedfrom0.21kg/cm2 to0.38kg/cm2 It can be concluded that 0.5% coir fiber in soil is optimumpercentageformaximumCBRvalueandUCS value.
Since the C.B.R value increased after inclusion of coir fibersolessthicknessofsubgradelayerisrequired
ThevariationintheUCSvalueonincreasingtheCoirFiber Proportionareasfollows: Table 5 Effect of Coir Fiber on UCS values Coir Fiber (%) 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 UCS (kg/cm2) 0.21 0.34 0.38 0.34 0.29
Asperthedataandresultsobtainedfromtheexperimental work onthesoilstabilityinvestigationonclayeysoilwith differentproportionofcoirfiberi.e.(0.25%,0.50%,0.75% and1%)asareinforcingmaterial,followingconclusioncan bedrawn:
4
Thesoilusedforthestudywasclayoflowplasticity(CL) soil. C.B.Rvalueincreasedby3timesonadditionof0.5%coir fiber,CBRvalueincreasedfrom2.12%to6.71%
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified
REFERENCES [1]. A.KSHARBAN P.KJAIN ReviewonStabilizationofSoil Using Coir Fiber IJER ISSN:2319 6890) Volume No.4, IssueNo.6,pp:296 299 [2]. DEDVATTSHIKHA,R.SAXENA,2015,Soilstabilization usingcoconutcoirfiberIJRET,Vol.3, [3]. HEJAZI SAYYED, ABTAHI MAHDI (2012). A simple review of soil reinforcement by using natural and syntheticfibers.ConstructionandBuildingMaterials30, 100 116. [4]. MamtaMishraandN.K.SaxenaImprovingStrengthof SoilusingFiberandFlyash Volume:03Issue:10|Oct 2016 [5]. ParagM.Chaple,AI.DhatrakPerformanceofCoirfiber ReinforcedClayeySoile(IJES)/Volume||2||Issue||4 [6]. R.R Singh,Er.ShellyMittal IMPROVEMENTOFLOCAL SUBGRADESOILFORROADVolume:03Issue: 2014, [7]. S. Muthu Lakshmi, S. Priya Utilization of Coconut Coir Fibre For Improving Subgrade Strength (IRJET) Apr 2018 [8]. S.SURYAVANSHI, (2014) Waste product ‘bagasse ash’ fromsugarindustrycanbeusedasstabilizingmaterial forexpansivesoilsIJRET:volume:03issue:03|March [9]. ShrivastavaD.,Singhaie.t,2014,EffectoflimeandRHA on index properties of black cotton soil, International journalofengineeringscienceandresearchtechnology, Vol.3,Issue4. [10]. OLUYEMI AVIBIOWU, D. FADUGA Stabilization of LateriticSoilUsingCoirFiberasNaturalReinforcement volume05,Issue02,February2019| [11]. IS:2720(Part7) 1980Standardproctortest [12]. IS:2720(Part10) 1991Unconfinedcompressive strength(UCS)test [13]. IS: 2720 (Part 16) 1987 CBR test (California BearingRatio)test [14]. IS: 2720 (Part 5) 1985 Atterberg Limit test for liquidsandplastics
M.D.Dvalueincreasesby4.62%afteradditionof0.5% coirfiber.TheM.D.Dvalueincreasedfrom1.87g/cm3to 1.96g/cm3
Journal | Page53
fig 7 : Effect of Coir fiber on UCS UCSvalueofnaturalsoilwas0.21kg/cm2onincreasing coir fiber ucs value increase till 0.5 % of coir fiber to 0.38kg/cm2afterthatitdecreasesto0.29kg/cm2at1% coirFiber 5. CONCLUSIONS
ItwasobservedthattheoptimumCBR valuecomeswhile adding coir fiber 0.5% to the clayey soil having value of 6.17%. 4 EFFECT OF COIR FIBER ON UCS value
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page54 [15]. IS:2720(Part3) 1980Specificgravitytestofsoil usingpycnometer AUTHOR NAME:UJALAKUMAR Affiliation:M.TechResearch BITScholarSINDRI
