IMPROVEMENT IN PROPERTIES OF POROUS CONCRETE USING FIBER

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

IMPROVEMENT IN PROPERTIES OF POROUS CONCRETE USING

Sawalde1 , Prof Rahul Sharma2

1M.E. Student Prashanti institute of Technology and science(M.P.) INDIA

2Dean Academic Prashanti institute of Technology and science (M.P.) INDIA ***

Abstract - Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete with highly porous structure used for concrete flatwork applications that allow water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and allowing ground water recharge.Thisporosity is attained by a highly interconnectedvoidcontent.Inpervious concrete, the amount of fine aggregate is little or no fine aggregate such as sand, because of that it is referred as “No fine or less fine concrete”. The use of pervious concrete is significantly increasing due to reduction of road runoff and absorption of noise. This concrete is being used as paving material in the United States for the construction of parking lots, sidewalks and secondary roads. The production of better quality pervious concrete is necessary to meet specification requirements fortheconstructionofdurableperviousconcrete pavements. Till now many researchers have used different materials in the pervious concrete like flyash, rice husk, geogrids etc. Fibers can also be used to strengthen the pervious concrete, so it can easily be used for higher loads.

Key Words : Pervious concrete, Compressive strength, Permeability, Split tensile strength.

1.INTRODUCTION

Perviousconcretewhichis alsoknownasthegap-graded, no-fines, permeable and porous concrete and enhance porosity concrete has been found to be a reliable storm water management tool. . Pervious concrete has become substantial popular during recent decades, because of its potential share in solving environmental issues. Pervious concreteisa highlyefficient concretewhich hasrelatively highwaterpermeabilitycomparetoconventionalconcrete duetointerconnectedvoidstructure.Perviousconcreteisan open-gradedmaterialconsistingofPortlandcement,coarse aggregate,littleornofineaggregate,admixtures,andwater. Typically, void percentage between 15% to 25% are achievedinthehardenedconcreteandflowratesforwater throughperviousconcrete.

MassiveurbanizationinIndiancitiesiscausingtheground water to go deeper and is causing water shortage. For example;Cherrapunjisuffersdroughtwhilethemonsoons bringfloodingChandigarhcitytapsgroundwaterfromdeep confined aquifers which do not get naturally recharged. Further the rain water falls on the concrete and asphalt surfaces tends to carry a high level pollution and this pollutionendsupinwaterwaysultimately.So,sustainable

FIBER

technologies like pervious concrete are likely to become morepopularinIndia.

Advantagesofperviousconcreteareasfollows-

1. Storm water runoff decreases because of high permeability

2.Increaseingroundwaterlevel

3.Noiseabsorption

4.Lessmaintenancerequired

5. Less heat consumption due to open pore structure and highvoidcontent

2.

Methodology

1.Collectionandstudyofliterature/journalsrelatedtothe pervious concrete incorporated with fibers and different materials.

2. Collection of materials for preparation of pervious concrete.

3.Material

3.1Courseaggregates-Testsforcoarseaggregateswere conductedasperIS:2386-1963andIS:383-1970.Sizes ofcrushedangularcoarseaggregatewith100%passing 10mmsieveand100%retainedon6mmsievetobeused instudy.

3.2 Cement – Cement to be used for experimental investigationis53gradeOPC

3.3Fibers–Locallyavailableplasticfibers(wasteproduct)

TesttobeconductedonperviousconcreteareasfollowsCompressive strength test:

Compressivestrengthtestswereconductedonacubeofsize 150*150*150 mm at age of 7 days & 28 days curing. Standardtestingmachinewithamostcapabilityof2000KN wasusedatcommonplacerateofloadingasperIS516-1959. Compressivestrength, C=P/A.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Split Tensile Strength test:

Testswereconductedoncylindricalspecimenwithdiameter 100 mm & length 200 mm on a standard testing machine with a maximum capacity of 2000 KN at standard rate of loadingasperIS516-1959.

SplitTensilestrength=2P/(πDL).ItsunitisN/mm2.

Permeability Test:

The coefficient of permeability was deduced from Darcy’s law, which was preliminary used as a falling head test to obtainitscoefficientasperASTMD2434.

Itwascalculatedas

K=����/������ where,

Q=quantityofwatercollectedincm3

K=coefficientofpermeability(cm/s)

L=lengthofspecimen(cm)

T=time(sec)

A=Crosssectionareaofspecimen(cm2)

H=Waterhead(cm)

LITERATURE REVIEW

Anthony torres (2015) presented the use of thick cementitiouspasteonperformanceofperviousconcreteand carriedoutthesignificancechangeinmechanicalproperties ofperviousconcrete.Withtheuseoflimestonewithsizesof 9.54mmand6.35mm,theythickenthecementitiouspaste. Theyminimizedtheothervariablessuchascementgrades and types, w/c ratios, sample size; admixtures etc. for improvingthethicknessofcementpaste.Basedonthetests and results, they concluded that porosity of pervious concretedecreaseswithanincreaseofcementitiouspaste thickness.Andalsopermeabilityofconcretedecreaseswith increaseofcementitiouspastthicknessinperviousconcrete. And certainly decrement in porosity and permeability, compressivestrengthandsplittensilestrengthincreasedbut it can defeat the purpose of pervious concrete if paste thicknessbecomestoothick.

Rahul bansal (2015) studied the basic replacement of cementtoflyash.Itwasobservedthat10%replacementof flyashwas20%and50%decreasethecompressivestrength attheageof7and28daysrespectively.In20%replacement, 7%and11%increaseincompressivestrengthwasobserved attheageof7and28daysrespectively.In30%replacement 23% and 19% increase the compressive strength was

observed at the age of 7 and 28 days respectively. They concluded that As the fly ash content increases there was increaseaswell asdecrease inthestrengthofconcrete. It wasalsoobservedthatwithincreaseinagethecompressive strengthalsoincreasedforflyashreplacedconcrete.

Amitava (2015) statedtheeffectoflocalpowerplant’sfly ashinmakingofHVFAconcretewithusingof5to10%silica fume asadmixture to improvethestrength parameters of HVFA concrete. Based on the experiments and results, it showed that with replacement of 50% cement to fly ash, workabilityofconcreteimproves.Anditwasalsofoundout thatsomereplacementofsandtoflyashcanbeusedtomake lowergradeconcrete

Rui zhong (2015)dealtwithsilicafumeandultra-finesilica powdertoimproveandadvancetheultrahighperformance perviousconcretematrix.Toachievethisgoal ofanultrahigh performance cement based matrix with compressive strengthinexcessof150MPaandhighdurabilityproperties designed and applied to the mixture design concept of pervious concrete. They found out from the results that Based on enhanced mechanical properties as well as improved durability, high performance pervious concrete potentially allows extending the application of pervious concrete and thus carries a vital potential in effectively counteractingthegrowthofimperviousurbanareas

Obilade (2014) concluded that when cement is partially interchangedbyRHA,itscontentisintherangeof0to20% foroptimumaddition.Compressivestrengthofconcreteis decreasedwiththeincrementofRHAcontent.Heexamined theeffectofRHAanditsfiberonmechanicalpropertiesof pervious concrete. He concluded that 8% is optimum percentageofRHAwithoutfibers,whileitisbetween8to 10% with fibers, he further added that permeability of pervious concrete by adding 12% RHA content is considerablyhigherthanadding10%ofRHAcontent.Itis alsonoted thataddition of 10%RHAcontentgiveshigher compressive, tensile and flexural strength than 12% RHA content.

Rafat siddique (2013) studied the properties of selfcompactingconcrete(SCC)madewithcoalbottomash.The mixtureswerepreparedwiththreepercentages(0,10,20 and 30) of coal bottom ash as partial replacement of fine aggregates.Testswereconducteduptotheageof28days& results indicated that SCC mixes developed 28-day compressivestrengthbetween25.8and35.2MPa.

Akeke (2013) examined the properties of concrete by replacingcementwith10%,20%and25%RHA.According to him when content of RHA increased from 10 to 25 % flexural strength and split tensile strength decreases gradually.Whereastherewasnotanyconsiderableeffects oncompressivestrengthwiththeincreaseinRHAcontent.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fereshteh sabet (2013) used mineral admixtures and discussestheeffectofnaturalzeolite,silicafumeandflyash on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Slump flow, super plasticizer demand, compressive strength, electricalresistivity,Permeabilityandchloridepermeability wasmeasuredforallmixes.Thetestresultsconcludedthat incorporationofmineraladmixturesgenerallyimprovethe mechanical and durability characteristics of the mixes. However,silicafumeisslightlymoreeffectivethannatural zeoliteorflyashinimprovingdurabilityandpropertiesof self-consolidatinghighperformanceconcrete,whilenatural aremuchmorecosteffective.

Sanket Sharma (2012) foundouttheeffectofpercentageof fine aggregates and cement to coarse aggregate ratio, to studythemechanicalpropertiesofperviousconcrete.Tests and results concluded that with addition of 5% fine aggregatesinperviousconcrete,itincreasesthecompressive strength but also strength is decreased with further incrementofpercentageoffineaggregates.Andascompared to the no fine aggregates in concrete, flexural strength of perviousconcreteisincreasedby50%withadditionof10% fineaggregates.

Jing yang (2012) examined the effect of smaller sized aggregates,silicafumeandsuperplasticizertoincreasethe pervious concrete strength greatly. Based on results, they concludedthatwithuseofsmallersizedcourseaggregatesit helped to improve the significant strength of pervious concrete.SFandSPalsoimprovedthestrengthofpervious concrete.Alsocompressivestrengthofcompositionofthese materialscanbereachedupto50MPaanditcanbeapplied tofootpathandalsothelowtrafficvehicleroad.

P.Nath (2011) determinedthedurabilitypropertiesofhigh strength concrete utilizing high volume Class F fly ash sourced from Western Australia have been investigated. Concretemixtureswithflyashcontentas30%and40%of totalbinderorcementwereusedtocastthetestspecimens. The28-daycompressivestrengthoftheconcretemixtures varied from 65 to 85 MPa. The fly ash concrete samples showed less drying shrinkage than the control concrete samples when designed for the same 28-day compressive strengthofthecontrolconcrete.Ingeneral,useofflyashas partial replacement of cement improved the durability propertiesofconcrete.

Ravindrarajah (2010) investigated the properties of perviousconcretebyreplacingtheproportionofflyashby 20% and 50% of cement. He determined that pervious concrete with high porosity shows high permeability and low compressive strength and .The outcomes of their investigation described that when 50% of cement was replaced by fly ash the permeability of pervious concrete was not notably affected and compressive strength will reducedwithincreaseincontentoftheflyash.

Na Jin(2010)worked on “fly ash applicability in pervious concrete”using2%and32%flyashinperviousconcrete.He observedthathighercompressivestrengthcanbeachieved byusing2%flyashperviousconcretethanthatofusingfly ash content of 32% in pervious concrete. He also showed thatflyashhelpstoenhancelongtermcompressivestrength ofperviousconcrete.

Baoshan huang (2009) carried out the experiment on perviousconcretetoimprovethestrengthpropertieswith useoflatexpolymer.Withtheuseoflatex,naturalsandand fiber they examined the effectofpolymermodification on mechanical and physical properties of PMPC. Based on results,itwaspossibletoproduceperviousconcretemixture with acceptable permeability and strength through the combinationoflatexandsand.

Yukari (2009) investigated onthepropertiesof pervious concretebyinterchangingthecementwithflyashcontent about20%and50%.Hedeterminedthatthereisdecrement in compressive strength of concrete with increment of fly ash content. When fly ash proportions is increased up to 20%inconcrete,decrementinpermeabilityisobserved,but after on further addition of fly ash content reached up to 50%inconcretepermeabilityisincreasedwhichisnearly similartonoflyashperviousconcrete.

CONCLUDED REMARK

Fromthestudyofliteraturereviewsandpreliminarystudy ofthetopicsomeremarksareconcludedasfollows:-

1.Thevoidcontentpercentagedecreaseswithdecreasein sizeofcoarseaggregate.

2.Thecompressivestrengthofperviousconcretedecreases withincreaseinitssize.

3.Thepermeabilityincreaseswithincreaseinsizeofcourse aggregates.

4.Strength of pervious concrete can be increased by reinforcingitwithfibers

REFERENCES

Siddharth talsania, jayeshkumar pitroda, prof. Chetna m. Vyas, “A Review of Pervious Concrete by Using Various IndustrialWasteMaterials”,2015;2(12)pp142-151

Obilade,“UseOfRiceHuskAshAsPartialReplacementFor Cement In Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering andAppliedSciences,Volume5,No4,Sept2014.

SaeidHesami,SaeedAhmadi,MahdiNematzadeh,Effectsof ricehuskashandfibreonmechanicalpropertiesofpervious concretepavement,ConstructionandBuildingMaterials53 (2014)680–691.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

ShihuiShen,MariaBurton,BertramJobson,LivHaselbach, “Pervious Concrete With Titanium Dioxide As A Photocatalyst Compound For A Greener Urban Road Environment”,ConstructionandBuildingMaterials2012;35: 874–883.

Sri Ravindrarajah, A.Yukari, “Environmentally Friendly Pervious Concrete for Sustainable Construction”,35th Conference on Our World in Concrete & Structures,Singapore,25-27August,2010.

Na Jin, M.S. Thesis “Fly Ash Applicability in Pervious Concrete”,TheOhioStateUniversity,2010.

SiddharthTalsania,JayeshkumarPitroda,ChetnaM.Vyas., Effectof ricehusk ashonpropertiesofperviousconcrete, Int.J.Adv.Engg.Res.2015;296-299.

KarthikH.Obla.,“perviousconcrete–anoverview,”Indian ConcreteJournal,August2010pp.9-18.

Yukari Aoki., M.E.Thesis “Development of Pervious Concrete”, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,UniversityofTechnology,Sydney,June2009.

Kartini,Mahmud,Hamidah,“StrengthPropertiesOfGrade30 RiceHuskAshConcrete”,31stConferenceonOurWorldIn Concrete&Structures:16–17August2006,Singapore

NRMCA, “What, Why, and How? Pervious Concrete, “Concreteinpracticeseries,CIP38,SilverSpring,Maryland, May2004,2pp.

Pervious concrete pavements, southeast Association, www.pervious.info

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