Smart System for Crop Irrigation

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Smart System for Crop Irrigation

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Vishwakarma institute of Technology, Pune, India ***

Abstract – Agriculture is critical to the development of food production in India. Agricultureinourcountryisdependent on monsoons, which are insufficient water sources. As a result, irrigation is used in agriculture. The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a watershed moment in technological evolution. IoT is important in many fields, including agriculture, whereit has the potential to feed billions of people in the future. This project consists of sensors such as moisture sensors and DHT11 sensors.

Key Words: Agriculture, Irrigation, NodeMCU, Sensors, IoT

1. INTRODUCTION

Agricultureisacrucialresourceforhumanitybecauseit gives us clean and nutritious food and because it utilizes watertodoso.Agriculturehasbeengreatlyimpacted,water suppliesaroundtheworldhavebeennegativelyimpacted, andongoingdevelopmentisessentialduetoenvironmental devastationandhighpopulationexpansion.Implementthe irrigationmanagementtechniqueemployingcontrolledand InternetofInformation(IoT)technologytotackletheissue, maintainairpressure,anticipatetemperature,managethe irrigation system, and decrease water wetness. It was designed to use automation and IoT technology to make agriculture smarter. controls the remote position of equipment lowers overall running costs and boosts efficiencyandproductivity.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Automated irrigation system using IoT [1] comprises 3 sections, sensors, IoT, and control. An efficient irrigation systemisobtainedbysettingacertainthresholdvaluefrom which irrigation is supposed to begin, for the same components such as humidity sensors, Arduino UNO, and ESP8266modulesareused. TheBlynkappisusedtoturn theONandOFFthemotordependingonthemoisturevalues. Sensor Automated irrigation system with IoT provides a sensor-based irrigation system where a microcontrollerbasedone.[2]AsoftwarestackcalledAndroidisusedwhich includedevicessuchasoperatingsystem,middleware,and keyapplications. Thesystemisconnected toGSMand the GSM and microcontroller are connected to MAX232. Irrigation System using IoT [3] the proposed framework presented a system based on a microcontroller (ATMega328).Thesystemusesaremotesensorsystemof soil dampness sensor, soil temperature sensor, and pH sensor associated with ATmega2560.The android system

herealsousedrainsensors,soilmoisturesensors,andwater sensors. A Remote Measurement and Control System for GreenhouseBasedonGSM-SMS[4]thesystemissubdivided intotwosections,acentralstation,andabasestation.The central station comprises of GSM module and database system whereas the base station consists of microcontrollers,sensors,GSMmodule,andactuators.

IoT-basedSmartIrrigationSystemconsistsofahardware system of which certain components are Arduino UNO, Moisturesensors,Motor,andGSMGPRSSIM900Amodem. [5] The software is being created using PHP and the database is being hosted online using a webpage and the things peak cloud server is used to present graphs. YL-69 sensors are used to understand and analyze moisture contentinthesoil.GSM-basedAutomaticIrrigationControl SystemforEfficientUseofResourcesandCropPlanningby UsinganAndroidMobile[6]majorobjectiveoftheproposed projectistosupportawatermanagementsystemthatwould subsequentlydeterminethecontrollingtimeoftherequired process and monitor and control the process via SMS through GSM module. Automated Irrigation System Using IoTwithIE[7]inthissystemthesoftwareprogramcontrols the entire system using an application called the blynk. ModernIoT-BasedGardeningSystem,theprojectdeveloped anautoirrigation/gardeningsystemusingRaspberryPi.[8] The model used various sensors such as soil moisture sensors,pHsensors,temperature,andhumiditysensorsto collect real-time data. Cadmium photoresistor also called LDRwasused.

Modern IoT-Based Gardening System [9] The system overcomesthedrawbacksofexistingsystemssuchashigh cost, difficult maintenance, and wired connections. The system is wireless between terminal nodes and the web server. Theprojectisdividedinto2steps,oneisafunctional requirementandtheotherisanon-functionalrequirement. ThisprojectusesanARM7/LPC2129microcontrolleralso calledaRISCmachine.AutomatedIrrigationSystemUsinga Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module [10] this irrigation system comprises a wireless sensor unit (WSU) andawirelessinformationunit(WIU).TheWSUcomprises an RF transceiver, power sources, a microcontroller, and sensors. Also, every unit is based on microcontroller PIC24FJ64GB004.Also,theZigBeemoduleisusedatWSU. WhereastheWIUcomprisesMasterMicrocontroller,GPRS module,andwateringmodule.AutomaticIrrigationSystem [11]basicintentionofthisprojectistobuildupasystemin the field of horticulture. A dampness sensor is used to

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

determinethedampnessofthefield.Thecircuitisbasedon raspberrypiandfurtheronthedirtdampnesssensor.

GSM-basedAutomatedIrrigationControlusingRainGun Irrigation System [12] here the GSM module and microcontrollerareconnectedusingMAX232.Theproposed systemhasimplemented Keil Cdevelopment toolsfor the 8051 microcontrollers. Here the Keil C vision 4 helps to providevariedsimulatedoutputs.Applicationoftheinternet of things technology in precision agriculture irrigation systems [13] various irrigation systems were being used hereofwhichthehardwarecomponentshadsixmodules. And in the network constitution of the irrigation system, thereisanetwork-awareandcontrollayer.AutomaticWater SavingIrrigationSystemUsingIoT.[14]ESP8266isthemain controllingunitofthissystem.Theoverallsystemisbased on ESP8266 in which 3 sensors are connected to the controller and real-time values are sent by sensors to the webapplication.ControlofIrrigationAutomaticallyByusing WirelessSensorNetworksinthevariousirrigationsystems used for the delivery of water. [15] The technique here depends on MORE CROP PER DROP. Wireless sensor networks are used, and a soil moisture sensor is used to measurethemoisturecontentof thesoil.A total of150(T NODES)sensorsareusedtomonitorthecrop.Thesystemis wireless sensors with GSM-BLUETOOTH for control and irrigationforreal-timemonitoring.

Alow-costmicrocontroller-basedsystemtomonitorcrop temperatureandwaterstatus[16]aredesignedtoautomate the measurement of soil moisture. The major components thatarebeingusedareareal-timeclock,amicrocontroller, voltage regulators, a binary counter, etc.74HC4060 binary counter is used to provide alternating excitation to soil moisture. Also, various sensors consisting of an infrared thermometermoduleformeasuringthetemperature,aTC74 digitaltemperaturesensorforasoiltemperaturecheck,and an air temperature sensor with LM35 for air temperature management are used. Water Conservation from Precise IrrigationSchedulingUsingaSubsurfaceElectromagneticSoil MoistureSensor[17]mainobjectiveofthisresearchpaperis to compare water applications and to simulate a water balance inthesoil profile byapplying thecomputer-based numericalmodel.AcclimaDigitalTDTsensorwasinstalled. IoTBasedSoilMonitoringandAutomaticIrrigationSystem thiscreatesalow-costIoT-basedsystem,monitorsthesoil moisture, improves the current system using Mobile App, andimproves the system by using WSN. [18] The system proposedinthispapercomprises3nodes.Node1consistsof acapacitivesoilmoisturesensor,ArduinoUNO&nRF24L01 module. The second module comprises 2 Arduino UNO, Nrf24L01, DHT11 Sensor, and ESP8266 Wi-Fi modules mountedwitheachother.AndthelastnodehasNodeMCU connectedtotheThingSpeakAPI.

3. METHODOLOGY

Allofthesensors,suchasthemoisturesensor,humidity sensor,andtemperaturesensor,arelinkedtotheNodeMCU. The NodeMCU is powered by 5 volts. A relay receives information about the percentage of moisture in the soil from the NodeMCU. If the moisture percentage is low, the motor turns on automatically and a notification is sent to thedevice. The user block diagram of a smart irrigation system, which consists of three sensors is connected to a controllerwhosesensedvaluesaresenttoaWebapplication usingThingSpeakAPI.

Fig -1:SystemBlockDiagram

Fig -2:ReferenceHardwareCircuitry

Fig-1indicatestheconnectionsdoneandthewaytheyare orientedtoeachothertoregisterthedatatransferbetween all the peripheral devices with the processor. The above layoutisdesignedasahardwaremodelandprogrammedto getitfunctional.Inordertounderstandthelogicalfunction ofthemodel,followingflowcharts(Fig-3&Fig-4)aremade whichillustratesthe workingofDHT11 and Soil Moisture sensor.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig -3:FlowchartforworkingofDHT11

Fig -4: FlowchartforworkingofSoilMoistureSensor

4. DISCUSSIONS

Theattachedsensorswill detectvarioussoilconditions andautomaticallyirrigatethelandbasedonsoilmoisture percentage. It means that when a field needs water, the motor automatically turns on and turns off when it has enough.Onuserdevices,thesesensedparametersandmotor statuswillbedisplayed.Thesehavebeenrunningsmoothly. It will also reduce the farmer's pores. We can save water, maintainsoilmoisture,andreducehumanpowerlosswith thistypeofSmartIrrigationSystem.

Chart -1:MoisturePercentageReadings

Chart -2:MoistureScaleReadings

Fig -5:ActualHardwareCircuitry

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

5. CONCLUSION

Theapplicationofagriculturenetworkingtechnologyis notonlyrequiredforfashionableagriculturaldevelopment, but it is also an important symbol of the future level of agricultural development; it will be the agricultural development’s future direction. After constructing the agriculturalwaterirrigationsystemhardwareandanalyzing and researching the network hierarchy features, functionality, and thus the corresponding software architecture of precision agriculture water irrigation systems,applyingthewebofthingstohighlyeffectiveand safe agricultural production has a significant impact on ensuringtheefficientuseofwaterresourcesaswellasthe efficiencyandstabilityofagriculturalproduction.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Wewouldliketoexpressourdeepandsinceregratitudeto ourguideProf.ShitalPawarfromVishwakarmaInstituteof Technology, Pune for allowing us to do research and providinginvaluableguidancethroughoutthisresearch.She hastaughtusthemethodologytocarryouttheresearchand topresenttheresearchworksasclearlyaspossible.Itwasa great privilege and honor to work and studyunder her guidance.

REFERENCES

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