Study of Sewage Treatment Plant

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Study of Sewage Treatment Plant

Diploma in Civil Engineering B.tech in Civil Engineering from SMS, Lucknow, UP, India ***

Abstract - I am Happy to presenting this paper in front of you. Because The Stabilization & Construction of provided work with Satisfaction Shows the efficiency of engineering work. Preparing a brief report before any construction work, which is includes time duration and estimated Cost of the project. This report is includes all the content involving in the stabilization of the “Sewage Treatment Plant”. In now times some areas has too much polluted waste water, which are directly flows in natural water resources through drains without any treatment. The waste water has the heavy quantity of bacteria’s, Carbon, Alkaline, salt, oil and solid waste. These are harmful for human and animals and also produce much type of diseases. So, to reduce this disease we decided to stabilize a Sewage treatment plant to remove the solid waste and other polluted material by treatment process from waste water before Flows in natural water resource.

Key Words: Sewage Treatment, Aeration, Oxidation, Disinfection, Waste water Treatment & Filtration.

1. INTRODUCTION

InpresenttheQuestion,Howtoprotectenvironment?Ishot topicandWastewaterisImportantcomponenttoproduce pollution.Inpreviously100yearstheproductionofwaste water is increases in heavy quantity. Sewage includes the wastewaterofresidentialhouseandalsothepollutedwater ofindustries.ItisahottopictotheMarineEnvironment.In last10yearsthemarineindustrieshasnotabledevelopment inthewastewatertreatmentsystem.Whichproblemphases duringthetreatmentofwastewater?Thetreatmentprocess requiredtomixdirtywaterweatheritismixingwiththesea orbyconvertingitfromtheoceanintonaturalwater.The processofsewagetreatmentisdividedintothethreeparts afterpre-treatment.Theoil,Silt&Othersolidparticlesare removed in pre-treatment process before harming the treatment devices of treatment plant. The first step is primarytreatment,includesshephysicalactivitiesandalso includes the process of removing mud by sedimentation from wastewater. Thesecondstepincludestheremoving processofcarbonicandsecondarysedimentationofwaste water by using bacteria’s. The tertiary removes the remainingparticlesandremovesthesolublemineralsfrom thewastewater.Thisstepisfinaltreatmentstep.Afterthese stepthewastewatercanbedirectlyreliestoflowinwater resources.

2. Literature Review

2.1)

Physical Properties Of waste water

2.1.1) Smell: - The pure water doesn’t produce the smell. Smellproducedwhenthepoisonousmaterialaremixedin water. These materials are harmful for human health. The humanreceptorcellscanrecognizetheavailabilityofthese materials.Theeligibilitytodrinkwatercanberecognizingby smell.ThereistheSpecialContributionofcarbonicandnoncarbonicmaterialstosmellandtasteofsample.

2.1.2) Taste: - The sense of test is mainly due to chemical stimulation of the sensory nervous system. According to custom, the test sensation required salt, sweet, bitter and sour,asperresearchevidence.

2.1.3)Color:-AvailabilityofcolorinwastewaterduetoIon like-Fe & Mg, Human & Peat Material, Plankton & weeds. These Substances are removed to make the water for industrialuseortoflowinWatersource.Thewaterformed turbidityduetosuspendedsubstance.Turbidityisremoved duringtreatmentprocess.

2.1.4)Floatables:-Theyarefoundedonsurfaceofwaterin form of solid waste and undissolved substance, like- oil, Greece,etc.Floatablesarefoundedintwoforms.

Greaseball(particlesofmaterials)

Liquidcomponentwhichisapplicabletoflowinbigarea.

2.2)

Chemical Properties of waste water: -

Bythehelpofchemicalproperties,canbeestablishtheBetter qualityandbettertreatmentofwastewater.Thesearesome propertiesandtheirapplicationtodeterminingthequalityof wastewater.

2.2.1)PHValue:-Theconcentrationofhydrogenioninthe negativelogarithmgivesthePHofanysamplewater.Valueof PHismeasuredas0to14.ThePHvaluelessthan7indicates acidityandmorethan7indicatebasicity.Itcanbemeasure byelectrometricallyorcalorimetric.

2.2.2)Alkalinity:-Itisamethodtomeasureabilityofwater toneutralizeacidsandwaterbufferingcapacity.Ortoresist thevalueofPHfromtheadditionofbaseandacid.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2.2.3) Turbidity: - Turbidity is due to fine dissolved substance,like-clay,silt,carbonic&Non-Carbonicmaterials in small parameter. Due to turbidity, when lighting on the surfaceofwaterthelighttravelsontheentiresurfaceand absorbtheenergyoflight.Forthedeterminationofturbidity theseinstrumentsareused.

(i)JacksonCandleturbiditymeter. (ii)Nephlometer

2.2.4) Acidity: - Acidity of water sample is the expressible capacityofdesignatePHtoreactwiththestrongbase.

2.2.5)ResidualChlorine:-Itismeasuredaschlorineleftin thewaterafterthekillingofbacteriaandoxidationoforganic matter.

2.2.6) Total Solid: - Total solid represent the quantities of suspended substance in water sample, which affect the qualityandflowofwater.Thetasteofwateralsochangeddue to presence of dissolved substance. Solid can be removed using vaporizing method and total solid can measured by weightofsolidparticlestoredaftervaporizingthewaterfrom sample.

2.2.7) Dissolve Oxygen: - A small amount of oxygen will presentinthewaterforthelifeofaerobicbacteria.Itisten moleculesofoxygenpermillionofwater.

2.2.8) Biological Oxygen Demand: - It is the quantity of dissolveoxygenwhichisrequiredforthelifeof5day’sfor aerobicbacteriapresentinwater.

2.3) Biological properties of waste water: -

Waterqualityplaysamajorroleintheabundanceofaquatic communities,inspeciesorganization,stableproductivityand physicalstatus.Theirexistenceisindicativeofwaterquality. Bacteria’s, protozoa, Virus and algae are founded in the residential waste water. Plankton, Periphyton, Microsporeum, invertebral,Fish,AmphibianandAquatic reptileisoforganicgroup.AerobicBacteriadividecarbonic materialinpresentofoxygen.Anaerobicbacteriadecompose carbonicsubstancethatislockedwithfreeoxygen,suchas stools. The product of anaerobic decomposition in the interiorofdeadbodyhasanexcessiveodor,inthesubstance iscalledseptic.Dirtywatercontainsmanybacteriawhichare commonly found in the digestive system of humans. Compared to these, the bacteria causing such diseases are most harmful to public health, such water which is not treated properly. Therefore, it spreads water generator diseasesbygoingtocommunitywatersources.

3. SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS

Generallyawastewatertreatmentplanthasfivemainsteps totreatwastewater,butthereareDifferentlayoutsofdesign atdifferentplaces.

3.1)

Preliminary treatment: -

ThewastewaterArrivedwiththeseversystemtotheplant. PassingofwastewaterthroughBarScreenBeforesendingin the plant fortreatment Process, which removes thesticks, ragsand Polythin.AfterpassingthroughbarscreenWater runsingritchamberwithlowvelocity,theheavyparticles like-stone,sand,gravelaresettledowningritchamberand removedthemfrombottom.

3.2)

Primary treatment: -

Itisthesecondstepinwastewatertreatment.Inthisstepthe screenedwastewaterflowinprimarysedimentationtank, which allowed to separation of oil, greases and fine solid particles.Afterseparationthesolidparticlesandgreasesare floatedattopofthewatersurface.

Fig-1: RectangularSedimentationTank

3.3) Secondary treatment: -

Thisprocessiscalledbiologicaltreatmentprocess,wherethe wastewaterflowedbygravityinAerationTankforremoving of dissolves organic material from waste water. In this processairbubblesareformedbypressureair,whichhelps toaerobicbacteriatoconsumetheremainingorganicmatter.

After this process the liquid mixture are send to final clarifier. Where solidare settle down by gravityand some part of solid are kept in mud treatment process and some parts are sent back in aeration tank to form the bacteria’s againforupcomingsewage.Nowthetreatedwaterissend intodisinfectionchamber.

3.4)

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4.3) Cascade aerator: - It is use for increase the dissolve oxygeninwaterduringrunof250mmpipe.

4.4) Alum dose sand wash water tank: - it is use to generate the flock in waste water. By the flocculent and coagulation the grease and oil are separated from waste water.

4.5) Rapid Gravity filter: - It is used to clear the bottom surfaceinwaterpurification.Generallyitisuseinmultiple stagetreatmentsystem.

Fig-2: JetAeration

Fig-3: AerationthroughDisk

Tertiary or Final treatment: -

Inthisprocessmostlychlorinationorultravioletirradiation areusedfordisinfection.Afterthisprocesstreatedwateris disinfectedandcanbedischargedinriver/stream.Oruseto wastewaterreuseactivities.

3.5)

Mud Treatment or Solid waste treatment: -

Primary solid and secondary solid are formed in primary sedimentationtankandclarifieraresenttodigester.Where microorganismusestheorganicmaterialasfoodsourceand convertsittomethanegas(CH4)andwater(H2O).

4.6) Chlorinator: - Itisusedforthechlorinationofwaste waterfordisinfectionprocessbeforedischargeintoreceiving stream,riverorocean.

4.7) Clear water reservoir: - Itisusedtostorethetreated waterbeforedistributioninstream,river,orocean.

5. CONCLUSION

This paper includes all important point about treatment plant.Itwillhelpfulfortheseareaswherethewastewater are stored in ditch or flowed in river or ocean by drains, whichproducethemuchtypeofdiseaseanditwillhelpfulto reducetheseeffect.

REFERENCES

[1] WastewaterTreatmentinHarbors(prof.dr.FilipaMaria SantosFerreira) (July2015)

[2] Operation of waste water treatment plant (Arnd Wendland)

[3] Wikipedia-Google.

[4] WastewaterTreatmentRefrencebook(D.V.gupta).

BIOGRAPHIES

Krishna Gopal Singh

B.techinCivilEngineering SchoolofManagement&Sciences Lucknow,UP,India

Fig-4: MudtreatmentProcess

4. STRUCTURAL ELEMENT

4.1) Bar racks: - Thepurposeofbarracksistoremovethe solid substance, Polythin and larger object. Removed solid materialsarestoredinhopperandsendittolandfill.Itcanbe mechanicallyormanuallycleaned

4.2) Grit chamber: - thisisusetoremovedensematerials such as sand, Brocken glass, silt and pebbles. To avoid abrasionofpumpsandothermechanicaldevice.