Utilization of Industrial and Agricultural Byproducts for Enhancement of Geotechnical Properties of

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Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

Utilization of Industrial and Agricultural Byproducts for Enhancement of Geotechnical Properties of Road Soil Subgrade

2

3

1Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Babasaheb Naik College of Engineering, Pusad

2ME (Structural Engineering) Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Babasaheb Naik College of Engineering, Pusad

3Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Babasaheb Naik College of Engineering, Pusad, Maharashtra, India ***

Abstract – Nowadays many experimental studies have been carried on black cotton soil to improve its characteristics. This soils is highly clayey in nature as it has low bearing capacity and high swelling shrinkage characteristics. In most of areas of India there is wide spread of black cotton soil which causes the problem to the civil related structures. This soil mainly shrinks in the absence of moisture and swells in the presence of moisture which may leads to the failure of engineering structures resting on it.

On reviewing various past research works, it has been found that the utilization of admixtures such as fly ash, Rice husk ash, GGBS, WMP, WCP etc. may be used to increase the geotechnical properties of black cotton soil.

Now a day’s rapid industrialization causes problems such as disposal of industrial waste materials, environmental pollution etc. In this review, utilization of industrial material is highlighted. On proper reviewing it has been found that there is a wide scope for utilization of industrial waste and other waste material for the stabilization of expansive soils.

Key Words: Marblewastepowder,Ceramicwastepowder,Blackcottonsoil,CaliforniaBearingRatio,Stabilization,etc.

1. INTRODUCTION

Soilstabilizationisaprocessofimprovingthepropertiesofsoilbyimprovingitsengineeringproperties.Expansivesoilsare thesoilswhichswellsignificantlywhencomesincontactwithwaterandshrinkswhenthewatersqueezesout.Becauseofthis alternateswellandshrinkbehaviorofthesoil,damagesoccurtodifferentcivilengineeringstructuresfoundedonthem.The severityofdamagesdonebyexpansivesoilhasbeenwelldocumentedinliteratureworldwide[17,18and19].Thereare numberoftechniquesavailabletoimprovetheengineeringpropertiesofexpansivesoiltomakeitsuitableforconstruction. StabilizationofexpansivesoilusingwastematerialssuchasWMPandWCPwhichhasbindingproperties

Disposalofindustrialwasteisimportantinnowdaysbecauseitcausesthehazardouseffectonenvironment.Utilizationof industrialwastesuchasWMPandWCPusedinstabilizationofexpansivesoil.Inrecentstudiesresearchismostlyfocuson achievingenvironmentalandeconomicaladvantages.

Formvariousliteratureithasbeenfoundthatlimitedresearchhasbeencarriedoutontheeffectofwasteceramicpowder andwastemarblepowderondifferentgeotechnicalpropertiesofexpansivesoil.Thereforepresentstudyhasbeencarriedout toinvestigatetheeffectofwasteceramicpowderandwastemarblepowderonindexproperties(liquid,plasticlimitandplastic index),compactionproperties–optimummoisturecontent(OMC),andmaximumdrydensity(MDD),unconfinedcompressive strength(UCS),soakedCaliforniabearingratio(CBR)ofexpansivesoil.Theeconomyofstabilizationhasalsobeenstudiedby strengtheningthesubgradeofaflexiblepavement.[16]

1.1 MARBLE WASTE POWDER

MarbleDustisawasteproductofthemarblestone.Thisdustisproducedintheprocessofcuttingthemarblestone. Marblestoneisatypeofmetamorphicrockthatisproducedasaresultoftransformationoccurredinthelimestone.InIndia, marbleprocessingindustrygeneratesaround7milliontonsofwastesmainlyintheformofpowderduringsawingandpolishing processes.Outthetotalwastegenerated,thestateofRajasthanalonecontributesaround6milliontonsofmarbledustannually i.e.about95%ofthetotalmarbledustproduction.Thisposesahugethreattotheenvironmentandthepeoplebecausemostof thesemarbledustisdumpedintotheopenareawhichcausesamajorenvironmentconcern.Althoughthereareproperareas dedicatedtothedumpingofthiswastebutmarbledustbeingaveryfinepowderiscapableofflowingwiththewind.Thusthe marbledustspreadsalongtheouterareasalsoandgraduallysettleontheplantsandanimalsofthesurroundingsofthearea. Thespreadingofmarbledustinthesurroundingareascertainlycreatesnecroticecologicalconditionforfloraandfaunathereby changingthelandscapesandhabitatsgradually.Thusitbecomesveryimportanttoutilizehugeamountofwasteinaproper

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manner. To combact the effect of this waste material to surrounding area, it is used in various processes such as in the production of concrete as well as in stabilization of soil. Utilizing the marble dust in the process of stabilization of soil is increasingdaybydayduetothelowcostofthematerialandforitseaseofavailability.[11]

1.2 CERAMIC WASTE POWDER

Intheworldalotofceramicdustisproducedduringproduction,transportationandplacingofceramictiles. Thiswastageorscrapmaterialisinorganicmaterialandhazardous.Hence itsdisposalisaproblemwhichcanbe removedwiththeideaofutilizingitisanadmixturetostabilizeBCsoil,sothatthemixprovetobeveryeconomicalandcanbe usedassubgradeinlowtrafficroadsorvillageroads.

Ithasbeenestimatedthatabout30%ofdailyproductionintheceramicindustrygoestobeceramicdust.Thedisposalof whichcreatesenvironmentalandeconomicalproblem.Toovercomethissituationthisindustrialwastecanbeusedindifferent application,oneofprimeissoilstabilization.

CeramicdustconsistofhighSiO2,Al2O3andFe2O3contentsreachingupto 96%,buttheamountofFe2O3andTio2is 1.22%.[12]

1.3 ETHYLENE PROPYELNE DIENE MONOMER (EDPM) RUBBER

EPDMrubberisusedinsealsforexample;itisusedincold-roomdoorssinceitisaninsulator,aswellasintheface sealsofindustrialrespiratorsinautomotivepaintsprayenvironments.EPDMisalsousedinglass-runchannels,radiators, garden, and appliance hose, tubing, pond liners, washers, belts, electrical insulation, vibrators, O-rings, solar panel heat collectors,andspeakerconesurrounds.

Itisalsousedasamediumforwaterresistanceinelectricalcable-jointing,roofingmembranes(sinceitdoesnot pollutetherun-offrainwater,whichisofvitalimportanceforrainwaterharvesting),geomembranes,rubbermechanicalgoods, plasticimpactmodification,thermoplastic,vulcanizes,andmanyotherapplications.ColoredEPDMgranulesaremixedwith polyurethanebindersandtoweledorsprayedontoconcrete,asphalt,screenings,interlockingbrick,wood,etc.tocreateanonslip,soft,poroussafetysurfaceforwet-deckareassuchaspooldecksandassafetysurfacingunderplaygroundplayequipment (designedtohelplessenfallinjury)[13]

1.4 FLY ASH

Flyashistheashremovedfromthe exhaustgasof burningcoal atpowerplantstogenerate electricity. Theashis removedfromtheexhaustbyairpollutioncontrolequipmentsuchaselectrostaticprecipitatorsbeforetheexhaustisemitted through stacks or chimneys into the atmosphere. Fly ash is alsoknown as flue-ash, it is one of the residues generated in combustion,andcomprisesthefineparticlesthatrisewiththefluegases.Inanindustrialcontext,flyashusuallyreferstoash producedduringcombustionofcoal.

FlyashisclassifiedintotwoclassesasClassFflyash:Flyashnormallyproducedbyburninganthraciteorbituminous coal,usuallyhasbeenthan5%CaO.ClassFflyashhaspozzolanicpropertiesonly.ClassCflyash:Flyashnormallyproducedby burning lignite or sub-bituminous coal. Some fly ash may have CaO content in excess of 10%. In addition to pozzolanic properties,classCflyashalsopossessescementationsproperties.[13]

1.5 GRANULAR BLAST FURNACE SLAG (GGBFS)

G.G.B.Smeansgroundgranulatedblastfurnaceslagitisawasteproductofindustrialwaste.Itisextractedwhentheiron oreisheatedupmorethan80milliontonsofindustrialwasteisreleasedeveryyear.TheG.G.B.Scontain(30%-50%)ofCaO, (28%-38%)ofSiO2,(8%-24%)OFAl2Oand(1%-18%)ofMgO.

G.G.B.S(GroundGranulatedBlastFurnaceSlag)itisaby-productofpigiron.ThisG.G.B.Sisusedinconcreteasabinding agent.ItcontainchemicalslikeCaO,SiO2,MgOetc.[14]

1.6 COPPER SLAG

Copperslagisaby-productformedduringthecoppersmeltingprocess.Sulphuricacidrecoveredfromthecopper smeltingprocessprovidesacost-effectiveby-productandappreciablyreducestheairpollutioncausedbythefurnaceexhaust.

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CopperslagwascollectedfromSrinivasametallizers,Cherlapalli,Hyderabad.10kgofcopperslagwasusedforconductingthe experiments,whichispassedthrough600micronsISsievewasusedinmixproportionsofblackcottonsoilintherangeof0%, 10%,20%and30%.

Ithasbeenestimatedthattheproductionofonetonofblistercoppergenerates2.2tonsofslag.BirlaCopperIndustries atDahej,Gujarat,producesroughly0.5milliontonsofcopperslagperyearanditscaptivethermalpowerplantsproduce 18,000tonsofflyashperyear.Inaddition,bymixingitwithflyash,itbecomessuitableforembankmentfillmaterial.[15]

1.7 RICE HUSK ASH

RHAwascollectedfromtheLalitharicemillindustriesprivatelimited,chowdariguda,nearGhatkesar,Telangana.Rice huskashisusedintherangeof2%,4%and6%mixproportions.Ricemillindustrygeneratesahugeamountofricehusk duringmillingofpaddythatcomesfromthefields.Ricehuskisusedasfuelintheboilersforpowergenerationandprocessing ofpaddy.RiceHuskAshisabout25%byweightofricehuskwhenburntinboilers.ThisRHAisaconsiderableenvironmental threatcausingdamagetothelandandsurroundingareaonwhichitisdiscarded.

Duringpaddymilling78%byweightisreceivedasrice,brokenriceandricebranand22%byweightofpaddyis receivedashusk.Ricemillsusethishuskasfueltogeneratesteamfortheparboilingprocesses,whichcontainsabout75%of organicvolatilematter,andtheremainingby25%oftheweightofthishuskisconvertedintoashduringthefiringprocess, whichisknownasRiceHuskAsh.ThisRHAsequentiallycontainsaround60%to90%Silica.Itisestimatedthat1,000kgofrice grainproduces200kgofricehusk.Onburningthericehusk,about20%or40kgwouldbecomericehuskash.[15]

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Rakhil Krishna R and Devi Krishnan (2016)

Theexpansivesoilalternativelyswellsandshrinkdependinguponthepresenceofmoistureinit.Thisbehaviorcauses thevolumechangeofthesoilanditresultsthecrackingandfailureofstructuresbuiltonthatsoil.Toimprovethegeotechnical propertiesofthisexpansivesoilsoastomakethemsuitableforconstructionpurposes,variousmethodsareinavailable.This paperreviewstheresultsoftheexperimentalprogrammewhichisalreadycarriedoutbystabilizingtheexpansivesoilusing ceramicdustmadefromlocallyavailablewasteceramictiles.Alsoitreviewstheeconomicfeasibilityofutilizingtheceramic dustforimprovingthepropertiesofexpansivesoilusedforconstruction.Expansivesoilsarethesoilswhichswellsignificantly whencomeincontactwithwaterandshrinkwhenthewatersqueezesout.Theyarealsoreferredasswellingsoils,arethose soilswhichhavetendencytoincreaseinthevolumewheneverthemoisturecontent(i.e.watercontent)initisincreased. Becauseofthisalternateswell-shrinkbehaviorofthesoil,thechangeinsoilvolumewilloccuranditcancauseshiftingand crackingindifferentcivilengineeringstructuresfoundedonthem.Foundationwithswellingsoilwillheaveandcancause lifting of a building or structure laid on it whenever the moisture content rises. This can ultimately lead to the failure of foundationandstructurelaidonit.[1]

2.2 Ramoo Ram and Ravi Kant Pareek (2018)

Themainobjectiveofstudyistoinvestigatetheuseofwastemarbledustingeotechnicalapplicationsandtoevaluate theeffectofmarbledustonOMC&MDDandCBRvaluesofunsaturatedsoilbycarryingoutstandardProctortestandCBRtest ondifferentsoilsample.

Theresultobtainedarecomparedfordifferentpercentageofmarbledustandinferencesaredrawnforthebearing strengthsoilwithdifferentcombinationofmarbledust.Soilstabilizationcanbeexplainastheincreasingormaintainingthe soilpropertiesbyphysicalandchemicalalterationofsoiltoenhancetheirengineeringproperties.[2]

2.3 Sabat A.k. (2012)

Ithasbeenestimatedthatabout30%ofdailyproductionintheceramicindustrygoestowaste.Thedisposalofwhich createssoil,waterandairpollution.Koyuncuetal.(2004)hadaddedceramictiledustwastesupto40%tostudyitseffecton swellingpressureandswellingpotentialofNa–bentoniteandfoundthatswellingpressureandswellingpotentialdecreasedby 86%and57%respectivelyat40%additionofceramictiledustwaste.

Fromtheavailableliteratureitisfoundthatlimitedresearchhasbeendonetostudytheeffectsofwasteceramicdust ondifferentgeotechnicalpropertiesofexpansivesoil.Thereforethepresentstudyhasbeenundertakentoinvestigatethe effectsofwasteceramicdustonindexproperties(liquidlimit,plasticlimit,plasticityindex),compactionproperties-optimum

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moisturecontent(OMC)andmaximumdrydensity(MDD),unconfinedcompressivestrength(UCS),soakedCaliforniabearing ratio(CBR),shearstrengthparameters(cohesionandangleofinternalfriction)andswellingpressureofanexpansivesoil.The economyofstabilizationhasalsobeenstudiedbystrengtheningthesubgradeofaflexiblepavement.[3]

2.4 Baser, O. (2009)

Expansivesoildepositsoccurinthearidandsemi-aridregionoftheworldandareproblematictotheengineering structure because oftendencytoheaveduring wet seasonandshrink during thedryseason.Expansivesoilcausesmore damagestotheforcivilengineersstructures

Inthisstudy,suitabilityofmarblewasteasastabilizerforaswellingpotentialofanexpansivesoilwasstudied.

Theadditionofwastedolomiticmarbletotheexpansiveclayreducestheclaycontentandcorrespondingincreasein thepercentageofcoarseparticle,reducestheliquidlimitandraisetheshrinkagelimitandreducestheplasticityindexofsoil andhenceswellingpotential.[4]

2.5 Rajbeer saini, Deepak Pathak, sumit shringi (2018)

The cohesive soils are widespread to the point that it ends up noticeably difficult to dodge them for roadway development.Numerousroadwayoffices,privateassociationsandinvestigatesaredoingbroadexaminationsonsquander materialsandresearchventuresconcerningtheirattainabilityandecologicalappropriateness.Swellingoffar-reachingsoils causes significant issues and delivers damage to many structures. Many research associations are doing broad work on squandermaterialsconcerningthefeasibilityandecologicalreasonableness.Broadmudsarethemostdangeroussoilsbecause oftheirnovelinterchangeswell-shrivelconductwithchangesindampnesscontent.Worldover,manycontextualinvestigations offizzledstructuresbasedonextensivesoilshavebeenaccountedfor.ThecircumstanceinIndiaisadditionallythesameWith broadscopeofextensivesoilsthatpossessjustaboutone-fifthofthegeologicallandregion.Suitablesiteconditionsarenot accessiblewhereverbecauseofwidevarietiesinthesubsoiluniquelythenearnessofmisleadingsoilsrepresentsatesttothe structuraldesigners.

Theearlierceramicswerepotteryobjectsmadefromclay,eitherbyitselformixedwithothermaterials,hardenedin fire.Laterceramicswereglazedandfiredtocreateacolored,smoothsurface.Thepottersusedtomakeglazedtileswithclay; hencethetilesarecalledas“ceramictiles”.Therawmaterialstoformtileconsistofclaymineralsminedfromtheearth‟scrust, naturalmineralssuchasfeldsparthatareusedtolowerthefiringtemperature,andchemicaladditivesfortheshapingprocess. Alotofceramictileswastageisproducedduringformation,transportationandplacingofceramictiles.Thiswastageorscrap materialisinorganicmaterialandhazardous.Vitrifiedtilesarethelatestandlargestgrowingindustryalternateformanytiling requirementsacrosstheglobewithfarsuperiorpropertiescomparedtonaturalstonesandothermanmadetiles.Henceits disposalisaproblemwhichcanberemovedwiththeideaofutilizingitasanadmixturetostabilization.

Anidealsolutionliesforreducingprojectcost,increasinglongevityandreduceaccumulationofwasteshallbe throughutilizationofindustrialwastecombinedwithweaksoilforpavementconstruction.Fewtypesofwastematerials namelycrusherdust,flyashandtilewastearepopularasadmixturesinimprovingweaksoils.Fromtheavailableliteratureitis foundthatlimitedresearchhasbeendonetostudytheeffectsoftilewasteondifferentgeotechnicalpropertiesofexpansive soil. In the present study has been undertaken to investigate the effects of tile waste on index properties, compaction properties,soakedCaliforniaBearingRatio(CBR)andswellingpressureofanexpansivesoil.Theeconomyofstabilizationhas alsobeenstudiedbystrengtheningtheexpansivesoilsubgradeofaflexiblepavement.Thususeofceramicwastenotonly improvesthesoilpropertiesbutproblemoftheirdisposalcanalsobesolved.Inthepresentstudyceramicwastematerials have been used to improve the properties of clayey soils and effect of ceramic dust on various soil properties have been evaluated.[5]

2.6

Ankit J. (2014)

Inthisstudy,theeffectofmarbledustonexpansivesoilisevaluated.Theevaluationinvolvesthedeterminationofthe swellingpotentialofexpansivesoilinitsnaturalstateaswellaswhenmixedwithvaryingproportionofmarbledust(from0to 30%).Additionofmarbledustdecreasesliquidlimit,plasticityindexandshrinkageindex,increaseplasticlimitandshrinkage limit.Alsoexperimental resultsshowsthattheswelling percentagedecreasesandrateofswell increaseswithincreasing percentageofmarbledustinexpansivesoilforcuringperiodof7and28days.Therateofswellingandswellingpercentageof thestabilizedspecimenswasaffectedbycuringinapositivedirectionsuchthateffectivenessofthestabilizerincreases.

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Theblackcottonsoilcontainshighpercentageofmontomonillonitewhichrendershighdegreeofexpansiveness. Thesepropertyresultscracksinsoilwithoutanywarning.Thebehaviourofblackcottonsoilisuncertainwhensubjectedto moisturecontent.Thestrengthpropertiesofthesesoilschangeaccordingtotheamountofwatercontainedinthevoidsofthe soils.

Theengineeringbehaviouroffine-grainedsoilsdependsontheirwatercontent.Liquidlimit(WL)andplasticlimit (WP)areimportant watercontentsaswell astwoimportantparametersofplasticityindex(PI),whichisthe mainindex parameter of the classification of fine- grained soils. Plasticity index has also been used in correlation with many other engineeringpropertieslikeinternalfrictionangle,undrainedshearstrength,lateralearthpressureoverconsolidationratioetc. Shrinkagelimit(SL)isalsoanimportantparameterinwhichsoilstendtoshrinkwhentheylosemoisture.[6]

2.7 Muthu Kumar M, Tamilarasan V S (2015)

Soilstabilizationisrequiredwhenthesoilavailableforconstructionisnotsuitablefortheparticularuse.Ofallthe soils,Expansivesoilscausingmajorproblemstothecivilengineeringstructures,Suchassoilshavingthehighvolumechanges uponaddingthewatersoilstabilizationuponchangingthewater.soilstabilizationusingchemicaladmixturesisoldestand mostwidespreadmethodofgroundimprovement.Theconventionalsoilstabilizationtechniquesaregenerallyexpensiveand requiringlargequantitiesof costlymaterials.Duetoshortageofenergy,andmaterialsandalsohighcostofconstruction operationthereisneedtogoforalternativelowcostmaterial.

Inthisstudy,wastemarbledustwhichisthebyproductofmarbleindustry,isusedforsoilstabilization.Themarble powderishighlime(CaO)contentandisreportedmanyresearchers.Wehaveaddedmarblepowdertoexpansivesoilas5%, 10%,15%,20%,25%,and30%andstudiedthecompactioncharacteristicsandstrengthcharacteristics.[7]

2.8 Dr. K. RaviKumar Sharma and Chayan Gupta (2013)

Rapidgrowthofindustrializationproduceshazardouswastematerialatlargeextent.Ifthereisanyfaultindisposal processofwastematerialsthentheyactasapollutantandalsoaffecttheecologicalsystemofenvironment.Itshowsthatthere isargentneedofexploringthealternativeofdisposalofthesematerials.Incurrentpractice,thesewastematerialmaybegood alternativeasaconstructionmaterials.ThispapershowstheinfluenceofwastematerialssuchasBeasriversand,Flyashon compaction,andStrengthcharacteristicsofblackcottonsoil.Theutilizationofthesematerialshavemeasurableadvantageson theeconomyaswellasthestrengthwhenusedasconstructionmaterials.

Ininfrastructure projectslikepavements,hydraulic structures, embankments etc.andreducestheimpactonthe environments.[8]

2.9 Mrs. Vrunda Sule1, Vyas Brinda2, Chauhan Vandana3, Khilji Sohel4 (2018)

ExpansivesoilishighlyclayeysoilithasverylowbearingcapacityandhighswellingshrinkageCharacteristics.Dueto verylowCBRvalueofblackcottonsoil,itformsaverypoorfoundationmaterial.InmostofplacesofIndiathereiswidespread ofblackcottonsoilwhichcausesproblemstotheconstructionactivities,especiallysubgradeproblem.Designofvariouslayers ofpavementisdependentuponthestrengthofthesubgradesoiloverwhichlayerofpavementaregoingtobelaid.Strengthof subgrademainlyexpressedinCBR.Soilstabilizationisaneffectivemethodforimprovementofsoilpropertiesandpavement system.Blackcottonsoilmainlystabilizingusingflyash,limeandcement.Someagriculturalwastesarealsoused,butthey can’tbeusedbeuseasasinglestabilization.Theprojectisanattempttoimprovethecbrvalueandpropertiesofsoilusing locally available materials on order to effectively laying of road pavement and increase strength of the road pavement economically.[9]

2.10 Monica Malhotra and Sanjeev Naval (2013)

Foranystructure,Thefoundationisveryimportantandithastobestrongtosupporttheentirestructure.Inorderfor thefoundationtobestrong,thesoilarounditplaysaverycriticalrole.Toworkonsoils,weneedtohaveproperknowledge abouttheirpropertiesandfactorsaffecttheirbehavior.

Expansivesoilsalways createproblems more for lightlyloadedstructuresthan moderatelyloaded structures.By consolidatingunderloadandchangingvolumetricallyalongwithseasonalmoistureVariation,theseproblemsaremanifested throughswelling,shrinkageandunequalsettlement.

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Inthispapertheexperimentalresultsobtainedinthelaboratoryonexpensivesoilstreatedwithlowcostmaterials (limeandflyash)arepresented.Astudyiscarriedouttocheckimprovementinthepropertiesofexpansivesoilswithflyash and lime in varying percentages. The test results such as Liquid limit, standard proctor compaction and differential free swelling test obtained on expansive clays mixed at different proportion of lime and fly ash admixture are presented and discussedinthisPaper.Theresultshowsthatthestabilizedclayhaslesserswellingpotentialwhereasincreaseinoptimum moisturecontenthasbeenobserved.[10]

3. CONCLUSIONS

FromthestudyitcanbeobservedthatWMPandWCPhavepositiveeffectsonvariouspropertiesofBlackcottonsoil whenreplacedataspecificquantity.FromstudyitwasalsoobservedthatthereareverylessinvestigationsonuseofWaste MarblePowderandWasteCeramicPowderjointlyforBlackCottonSoilStabilization.Therefore,thereisascopeforjoint utilizationofWMPandWCPinBlackCottonSoil.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

IwouldliketoexpressmyspecialthanksofgratitudetomyteacherProfessorDr.K.RavisirandZeeshansirandnonteachingstaffaswellasourprincipalDr.AvinashWankhedewhogavemethegoldenopportunitytodothiswonderful projectonthetopicUtilizationofIndustrialandAgriculturalByproductsforEnhancementofGeotechnicalPropertiesof RoadSoilSubgrade,whichalsohelpedmeindoingalotofResearchandicametoknowaboutsomanynewthingsIam reallythankfultothem.

Secondlyiwouldalsoliketothankmyparentsandfriendswhohelpedmealotinfinalizingthisprojectwithinthe limitedtimeframe.

REFERENCES

[1] RakhilKrishnaR&DeviKrishnan(2016)“ReviewontheeffectofwasteCeramicdustOnthegeo-technicalpropertiesof expansivesoil”Volume:03Issue:12IRJET-2016,pp.1336-1342

[2] RamooRamandRaviKantPareek(2018)“Effectofmarbledustonsoilproperties”InternationalJournalofEngineering ResearchandTechnology,Volume:06,Issue:11(IJERT)ISSN:2278-0181RTCEC-2018

[3] Sabat.A.K.(2012)“Stabilizationofexpansivesoilusingwasteceramicdust“ElectronicJournalofgeotechnicalEngineering, Vol.17,Bund.Z,3915-3926,EJOGE-2012,pp.3915-3926

[4] Baser,O.(2009)“Stabilizationofexpansivesoilusingwastemarbledust,“Masterofsciencethesissubmittedtocivil Engineeringdepartment,Middleeast,TechnicalUniversitypp.1-102.

[5] Rajbeer Saini, Deepak Pathak, Sumit Shringi, (2018)” effect of ceramic waste on the geo technical properties of soil” InternationalJournalofAdvanceresearchinscienceandengineeringVol.no.7,Specialissueno.(02)Jan2018.

[6] SachinN.Bhavsar1HiralBJoshi2PriyankaK.Shrof3PatelAnkitJ.4 (2014)“Impactofmarblepowderonengineering properties of Black cotton soil” IJSRD – International journal for Scientific Research and development | Vol. 2, Issue 02,2014,pp.136-139ISSN(Online):2321-0613

[7] M.K.M.andT.V.S.(2015)“Experimentalstudyonexpansivesoilwithmarblepowder,”Internationaljournalofengineering TrendsandTechnology(IJETT),vol.22,2015,pp.504-507

[8] Dr. K. RaviKumar Sharma and Chayan Gupta (2013) “Influence of waste materials on Geotechnical Characteristics of expansivesoils”(IJERT-2103)InternationalJournalofEngineeringResearchandtechnologyISSN:2278-0181Vol.2Issue 10,Oct-2013,pp.2536-2542

[9] Mrs.VrundaSule1,VyasBrinda2, ChauhanVandana3,KhiljiSohel4(2018)“UseofLocallyavailablematerialforStabilizing Expansive Soil” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 05 Issue: 04 |Apr2018,pp.1369-1372

[10] MonicaMalhotraandSanjeevNaval“StabilizationofblackcottonsoilUsingLowCostMaterials”IJEIT-2013

[11] AasifYousufSheikh,Dr.RajeshGupta,Er.NeerajKumar“Stabilizationofsoilwithmarbledustandricehuskinhighway subgrade”Volume:06Issue:12Dec2019,pp.1245-1251

[12] G.Muthumari,R.NasarAli,J.DhaveethuRaja(2014)“ComparativeStudyonStabilizationofExpansivesoilusingCement KilnDustandCeramicDust”JournalofGeotechnicalEngineeringISSN:2394-1987(online)Volume1,Issue3,JOGE(2014), pp.1-7

[13] M.SivaParvathi,B.Anusha,G.Vimalatha,B.ShaymaKumar,(2019)“Stabilizationofblackcottonsoilusingflyashand rubber powder”International journal of ScientificDevelopment and research Volume:04Issue: 06 June-2019 IJSDR, pp.401-407

[14] D.Srinadh,P.Praneeth,D.Manideepreddy,K.ShyamChamberlin,N.SandeepKumar,(2019)“StabilizationofBlackCotton SoilusingLimeandG.G.B.S.(GroundGranulatedBlastFurnaceSlag)As AAdmixtures”InternationalJournalofInnovative TechnologyandExploringEngineering(IJITEE),Volume:09,Issue:2,December2019 ISSN:2278-3075,pp.2133-2136

[15] P. Bharath Goud, D.Sruthi Laya, (2016) “Stabilization of Black Cotton soil with Copper Slag and Rice Husk Ash – An EnvironmentalApproach”InternationalJournalofScienceandResearch(IJSR),Volume:07,Issue:05,May2018,pp.837843

[16] Akashaya Kumar Sabat, “Stabilization of expansive soil using waste ceramic dust”, Electronic journal of Geotechnical engineering,Vol17,2012,pp.3915-3926.

[17] Chen,F.H.(1988)Foundationsonexpansivesoils,ElsevierSciencepublication,Newyork.

[18] Nelson,D.J.,andMiller,D.J.(1992)Expansivesoils,problemsandpracticeinfoundationandpavementengineering,John wileyandSons,Newyork.

[19] Gourley,C.S.Newill,D.,andShreiner,H.D.(1993)“Expansivesoils:TRL’sresearchstrategy,”Proc. Int.Symposiumon engineeringcharacteristicsofaridsoils.

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