STABILIZATION OF CHOR NALLAH BY OXIDATION POND, EUCALYPTUS TREE AND SCREENING

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

STABILIZATION OF CHOR NALLAH BY OXIDATION POND, EUCALYPTUS TREE AND SCREENING

1P.G. Student, Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha (M.P.), India 2Assistant Professor, Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha (M.P.), India 3Professor, Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha (M.P.), India 4Senior Professor, Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha (M.P.), India ***

Abstract - Oxidation ponds allow to the growth of algae and algae helps to decompose the organic matter because they produce the process of oxidation. Firstly organic matter consumes the oxygen produces by the help of agae by the process of photosynthesis and then organic matter consumes to each other hence due to this process all the bacterial colony get reduce and the water get treated because of the finish of organic matter by the help of oxygen produced. This oxygen is much more useful for the consumption of organic matter. Not more than 10 feet depth is required for the oxidation pond. Oxidation pond are low cost waste water treatment unit which stabilize the waste after removal of BOD under aerobic and anaerobic condition.

Key Words: Oxidation Pond, Eucalyptus tree, Screening, sewerlineandsewerageetc.

1. INTRODUCTION

Oxidationponds,alsocalledlagoonsorstabilizationponds are large, shallow ponds designed to treat wastewater through the interaction of sunlight, bacteria and algae. During photosynthesis, algae in the pond used sunlight to createoxygen.Thisoxygenisusedbyaerobicbacteriainthe oxidation pond to breakdown the organic waste in the wastewater. The broken down solids settle down in the pondsresultingineffluentthatisrelativelywelltreated.

Oxidationpondwitheucalyptustreesarerequiredhereto treat primarily the waste water of sewage. There are two types of oxidation pond are aerobic and anaerobic type oxidationpond.Duethepresenceofsunlight,algaepresent andconsumetheorganicmatter.

Therearevariousnallahmeetingatbetwariver.Duetothis theriverbetwagetspollutedandcontaiminated.Theaquatic life also get disturbed and dissolved oxygen also getting reduced.Themagnificentstreambetwaisgettingdegraded bythesewagewaterwhichismeetingclearlytothestream betwawithclosetonopretreatment..

1.1 Oxidation Pond

Oxidation lakes, additionally called tidal ponds or adjustmentlakes,arehuge,shallowlakesintendedtotreat wastewaterthroughthecollaborationofdaylight,microbes, and green growth. Green growth develop utilizing energy from the sun and carbon dioxide and inorganic mixtures deliveredbymicroorganismsinwater.Duringthecourseof photosynthesis,thegreengrowthdischargeoxygenrequired by high-impact microbes.Mechanical aeratorsaresomeof thetimeintroducedtosupplyyetmoreoxygen,inthisway lesseningthenecessarysizeofthelake.Oozestoresinthe lakeshouldultimatelybetakenoutbydigging.Greengrowth stayinginthelakegushingcanbetakenoutbyfiltrationorby amixofsubstancetreatmentandsettling.

1.2 JOB OF EUCALYPTUS PLANT IN CLEANING WATER

The eucalyptus plantscan retain the waterat a quicker rateanddeliveryunadulteratedwaterfumeintotheclimate. Subsequently they go about as a characteristic purifier. BecauseofthisitisrecommendedtoestablishEucalyptus treesalongthesewagelakes.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Saswat Mahapatra et.al. (2022) hasfocusedon"Waste Stabilization pond (WSP) for waste water treatment : A reviewonfactorsmodelingandcostanalysis".Heconsidered variousfactorsinhisresearchpaperasDesignconsiderations fortheWasteStabilizationPond(WSP).Variousmethodsfor removing contaminants from WSP Pond related mathematical modelsare available.Pondstabilisationcost analysis.

Waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs) are a type of natural technology that can be installed in centralised or semicentralizedseweragesystemstotreatwastewaterfrom homesandbusinesses,aswellasseptageandsludge,among otherthings.WSPsareincrediblyeffective,affordable,simple to build,andsimple touse.It can be usedas secondaryor tertiary treatment unit in a treatment plant either individually or in a coupling manner. The algal-bacterial

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symbiosis in WSP makes it completely natural treatment processforwhichitbecomeseconomicascomparedtoother treatmenttechnologiesintermsofitsmaintenancecostand energyrequirement.EffluentfromWSPcanalsobeusedfor agriculturalpurpose,gardening,wateringroad,vehiclewash, etc. Advance technologies are being integrated for better designandefficiencyofWSP,butthemainchallenges.

Erick Butler et al.(2015) focusedon“OxidationPondfor municipalwastewatertreatment”.Accordingtohimissues with cost, design and oxidation pond use in waste water treatment.Manyofthetopicshaveapplicationsateitherfull scaleorinisolationforlaboratoryanalysis.

Oxidation ponds have many advantages. The oxidation pond treatment process is natural, because it uses microorganismssuchasbacteriaandalgae.Thismakesthe method of treatment cost-effective in terms of its construction, maintenance, and energy requirements. Oxidation ponds are also productive, because it generates effluent that can be used for other applications. Finally, oxidationpondscanbeconsideredasustainablemethodfor treatmentofwastewater

Nobuyuki Sato et al. (2007) has managed "Financial evaluation of sewage treatment process in India ". In this study they assesses the absolute yearly expense including capital and activity and support (O&M) costs for the upstream anaerobic slop cover (UASB) and squander adjustment lake (WSP) frameworks worked in India. It additionally contrasts UASBand WSP frameworksand the enacted ooze process (ASP) and organic circulated air throughchannel(BAF)frameworksasfarasabsoluteyearly expenseandsyntheticoxygeninterest(COD)expulsioncost byacceptingdifferentyearlyloanfeesandlandcosts.Itwas foundthattheconnectionamongcapitalandO&Mcostsper unitsizeofaUASBorWSPframeworkanditstreatmentlimit canbelaidoutbyafirst-requestcondition.Theconnection between the expense of natural evacuation and capital or O&M cost for different sewage treatment frameworks at different yearly loan fees uncovered that, for the Indian setting, UASB could be the most appropriate choice concerningcostsandtreatmenteffectiveness.

Stephanie L. Wear et al. (2021) has chipped away at "Sewagecontamination,decliningecoframeworkwellbeing andcross area cooperation".In thisstudyByexamination, significantlylessconsiderationhasbeengiventoaddressthe impacts of this emergency on the strength of biological systems. We give instances of what sewage can mean for regularenvironmentsandwhereareasofinterestinsewage taintingusuallycross-overwiththeseterritories.Wefeature theseissuesforaportionofthesignificantbiologicalsystems spreadingoveracrossearthbound,oceanic,andbeachfront domains.Ongoingexaminationsuncoverthatuntreatedand inadequately treated sewage hoists convergences of supplements, microbes, endocrine disruptors, weighty

metals, and drugs in normal environments. We show numeroushugeregions(10,000'sofkm2)acrosstheglobe with elevated degrees of sewage pollution and that these tainting areas of interest cross-over widely in event with coralreefs,saltswamps,andfish-richwaterwayframeworks. Giventheworldwidedegreeofsewagecontaminationinand closetoregularenvironments,preservationresearcherand directorsshouldaddressthisdanger.Bethatasitmay,on account of its size, preservationists can't tackle this issue alone. We subsequently contend that protection should consolidatepowerswiththehumanwellbeingareatomake cross-disciplinary synergisms in development and productivity. New sewage the board arrangements are arising, for example, squander free latrines and asset recuperation to create fuel and drinking water; yet more development is required - an interest that will most successfullybearrivedatthroughcross-areacooperation.

Table -1: POPULATION GROWTH OF VIDISHA

CENSUS YEAR POPULATION 1921 4442 1931 11000 1941 13131 1951 19132 1961 27806 1971 43211 1981 65521 1991 92917 1993 93873

Table -2: POPULATION FORECASTING OF VIDISHA BY INCREMENTAL INCREASE METHOD

DECADE POPULATION INCREASE IN POPULATION INCREMENTAL INCREASE 1941 13001 6133 8675 15407 22309 27397 21290 42839 59511

1951 19133 1961 27805 1971 43213 1981 65522 1991 92918 2001 114217 2021 157053 2041 216566

2543 6733 6904 5088 -6097 21539 16673

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Table -3: SEWAGE GENERATION

YEAR POPULATION Waterdemand @135L.P.C.D. SEWAGE@80% ofwaterdemand.

1991 92918 12.540MLD 10.03MLper Day

2001 114216 15.410MLD 12.31MLper Day 2021 157053 21.20MLD 16.97MLper Day 2041 216565 29.230MLD 23.39MLper Day 2051 249637 33.70MLD 26.97MLper Day

Table -4: BASIC PROPERTIES FOR SEWAGE WATER

Name of Property Magnitude

PH 6.5to8.6

Total Suspended Solid(TSS) 220mg/litre COD <500mg/litre BOD 220mg/litre Total Phosphorus (TP) 8mg/litre

TotalNitrogen 40mg/litre Ammonical Nitrogen 40mg/litre MLSS 3400mg/litre

3. KARNAL TECHNOLOGY

Theamountofsewageoreffluentsthatmustbedisposed ofdependsontheage,kindofplants,weather,soiltexture, and effluent quality.There is no standing water left in the trenchesbecause

the total amount of wastewater discharged is so tightly controlled that it is consumed within 12 to18 hours. This method allows for the daily disposal of 0.3 to 1.0 ML of effluent per hectare. Thismethod recycles the effluent for atmospheric recharge and ground storage while using the entirebiomassasabiologicalfiltertodelivernutrientstothe soilandplants.

Fig -1:SYMBIOTICRELATIONBETWEENALGAEAND BACTERIA

Fig -2:COMPLETEPROCESSWHICHOCCURINOXIDATION POND

Fig -3:OXIDATIONPOND

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5. FACULTATIVE TREATMENT

Fig -4:TREECHARTOFAEROBICBACTERIA,HOWTHEY USELIGHTENERGYFROMSUN

3. DESIGN OF OXIDATION POND FOR VIDISHA

BOD loading Rate is dependent on latitude of place. Oxidationpondbestworkinthetropicalclimatezones.They aremoreeffectiveintheareaoflighttemperature.

Population = 1,00,00, Sewage flow = 0.15 m3/sec, Yi = 300mg/l,Ye=30mg/l,OLR=300kg/hac/day,Total BOD applied=450kg/day,considerk=0.23

Areaofpond=450/300=1.5Hactere

Detentiontime=t=1/klnYi/Ye=1/0.23ln300/30=10 days

VolumeofPond=0.15x10,000x10=15000m3

IfL:B=4:1,LxB=15000,4B2=15000=61.23m,L= 245m

H=Volume/Area=15000/15000=1

4. ANAEROBIC TREATMENT

Theseunitsarethehumblestoftheseries.Typicallytheyare 2-5 m significant and get high normal weights indistinguishable to100 g Body/m3 d. These high regular weights produce extreme anaerobic circumstances (no deterioratedoxygen)allthroughthelake.Inordinaryterms, anaerobiclakesabilitycomparativeasopenseptictanksand capability commendably in warm conditions. A suitably arranged anaerobic lake can achieve around 60% Body departure at 20° C. On one occasion water fueled support timeissatisfactoryforwastewaterwithaGroupofupto300 mg/landtemperatureshigherthan20°C.Fashionershave always been engaged by the possible aroma they could cause. Regardless, fragrance issues can be restricted in generally around arranged lakes, if the SO42-center in wastewater is under 500 mg/l. The clearing of regular matterinanaerobiclakesfollowstheveryframeworksthat occurinanyanaerobicreactor.

Theselakesareoftwosorts:fundamentalfacultativelakes getunrefinedwastewater,andassistantfacultativelakesget the settled wastewater from the chief stage (normallythe profluent from anaerobic lakes). Facultative lakes are plannedforBodydepartureinviewofalowregularsurface weighttopermittheimprovementofaworkingalgalpeople. Thusly, green development make the oxygen expected to dispensewithdissolvableBody.Stronggreendevelopment peoples give water a dull green assortment anyway inconsistently they can become red or pink in light of the presence of purple sulfide-oxidizing photosynthetic development.This regularchangehappensduetoa slight over-trouble.Inlikemanner,thedifferenceinconcealingin facultative lakes is an emotional characteristic of a preferablyperformingremovalprocess.Thecentralization ofgreendevelopmentinan ina perfectworldperforming facultative lake depends upon regular weight and temperature,butis,whenindoubt,inthearriveat500to 2000 μg chlorophyll for each liter. The photosynthetic developmentofthegreendevelopmentachievesadiurnal assortment in the combination of split up oxygen and pH values. Factors, for instance, wind speed fundamentally influencethedirectoffacultativelakes,astheyproducethe mixingofthelakeliquid.AsMaraetal.show,arespectable degree of mixing ensures a uniform scattering of Body, separatedoxygen,organismsandgreendevelopment,and subsequently better wastewater change. More specific nuancesonthecapabilityofthecycleandejectionpartscan befoundinMaraetal.furthermore,Curtis.

6. MATURATION PONDS

Theselakesgetthespoutingfromafacultativelakeandits sizeandnumberdependupontheexpectedbacteriological natureofthelastspouting.Improvementlakesareshallow (1.0-1.5m) besides,showlessvertical partition,and their entire volume is a lot of oxygenated all as the day progressed.Theiralgalpeopleisconsiderablymorevarying than that of facultative lakes. In this way, the algal assortmentincreasesstartingwithone lakethenonto the next along the series. The basic ejection instruments especially of microorganisms and waste coliforms are overseenbyalgaldevelopmentinajointeffortwithphoto oxidation. On the other hand, improvement lakes simply achievealittledepartureofBody,yetoverallasimilartheir obligation to nitrogen and phosphorus removal is more gigantic.Areportoncompletenitrogenremovalof80%inall wastechangelakestructures,whichinthisfigureconnects with 95% smelling salts ejection. It should be underlined that most smelling salts and nitrogen is taken out being developedlakes.Inanycase,thetotalphosphorusclearingin WSPsystemsislow,typicallynotexactlyhalf.

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7. CONCLUSIONS

Fromtheoutcomeasexpressedinabovesections,obviously the sewage water is meeting the regular stream betwa by differentwaysornallahsstraightforwardlywithpractically nopretreatmentconsequentlyoxidationlakeisdeveloped andEucalyptustreeisaddedalongtheNallah.Theoxidation pondplaysanimportantroleintheconsumptionoforganic matter.Henceoxidationpondandeucalyptustreeshouldbe used in vidisha for the removal of organic matter. The sewagetreatmentplantofvidishawhichhasalimitof22.25 MLDwhichisadequateforpresentsituationyetthesewage of city isn't coming to sewage treatment plant on the groundsthatthesewagegetredirectedincentertowardthe stream which is extremely hurtful to oceanic life and for groupofpeopleyettocomeonthegroundsthatmainstream betwaisthesignificantwellspringofwatersupplyinvidisha.

Also, on the off chance that the sewage won't stop to join betwa, the waterway become debased in couple of years. Subsequently it is important to step up in regards to the differentnallahmeetingthewaterwaystraightforwardly.To stayawayfromsuchissues,wehaveplannedthedifferent units of treatment plant like coarse screen, fine screen, mediumscreen,nallahandoxidationlakealongsidetreeof eucalyptustocleanthesewagewaterdependentuponsome degree prior to meeting the betwa. It ought to be the obligation of every single to save the normal waterway streambydifferentmeansaccordingtotheprerequisite.

Theoxidationpondofmaximum1mdeep,245mlengthand 61.23 metre wide will perform better in treatment of sewage. A coarseness chamber is planned in the wake of takingdifferentsuppositionsitisestablishedthatlengthof coarsenesschamberis12.25meter,viableprofundity1.70 meter with freeboard 0.3 meter subsequently generally speakingprofundity2.5meter,areaofcoarsenesschamber is 24.51 square meter. The plan and determination as displayedinthedrawinggivenunderneath.

Theexpenseexaminationisadditionallyfinishedinwhich there are almost 30 lakhs sum is assessed utilizing S.O.R. rates.Thegaugeislikewisereferencedunderneath.

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