International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022
www.irjet.net
e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
REVIEW PAPER ON “HYDRAULIC AND HYDROLOGICAL IMPACT ON BRIDGE” Dr. Sachin.S.Saraf 1, Priyanka R. Ingole 2, Prof. Ashish Bijwe3 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering , P.R. Pote Patil College of Engineering and Management, Amravati, Maharashtra, India 2 PG Scholar ,Department of Civil Engineering , DRGIT&R , Amravati, Maharashtra, India 3Assistance Professor, Department of Civil Engineering , DRGIT&R Amravati, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2. LITERATURE REVIEEW Abstract - This study describes hydrological and hydraulic 1
bridge/culvert studies to estimate 100-year water levels at specific project sites. Bridges (and sometimes very large culverts) are very expensive hydraulic structures that typically have a lifespan of 100 years. Most bridges collapse due to flooding. In Pakistan, this important study is routinely ignored, resulting in bridges collapsing before their design deadlines. In the current scenario, especially after the destruction of bridges by the recent floods (July 2010) in Pakistan, the importance of this study cannot be denied. This study focuses on different hydrological and hydraulic methods for calculating 100-year flood discharges at the Long Branch culvert site under the Guinea Road, Virginia, USA. To do this, we used Anderson's method to estimate discounts for different payback periods. The bridge builder can modify the culvert road level to account for the appropriate freeboard value. Such structures do not block 100-year cycle floods.
The earliest cultures known to have used bridges were the Sumerians and Egyptians of Mesopotamia, who used stone haunches for tomb vaults (Brown 1993). 5th century BC. Herodotus was a Greek historian who lived from 490 to 425 BC. (Brown 1993), Ancient History. His account of the city of Babylon includes a description of the achievements of Queen Nitocris, who built a bridge over the Euphrates with embankments and stone-walled piers and wooden decks. The bridge is believed to have been built around 780 BC. (Troitsky 1994), constructed as described below (Greene 1987, p. 118). Herodotus' account says nothing about the construction of this bridge, leaving much room for imagination as to what it might have actually been like. But his second description of the bridge gives us more insight. His floating pontoon bridge was used by the Persian King Xerxes in 480 BC. Crossing the Hellespont with his large army (Brown 1993). Herodotus describes the bridge in detail (Greene 1987, p. 482f).
Key Words: Hyrological modeling, hydraulic bridge, bridge 1. INTRODUCTION
If Herodotus' account is correct, the bridge must have been a very impressive structure, and had no equal at the time. In particular, the description of how the pontoons were secured demonstrates a good understanding of the principles of construction. The use of bridges for military purposes was not uncommon in ancient times. Gaius Iulius Caesar (100 BC-44 BC) is one of the authors who left a very clear description of the early bridges. in his 51 or 50 BC. In his De Bello Gallico, written in BC, he mentions several bridges that he had his army build during the conquest. His fourth book describes a famous wooden bridge built in 55 BC. Built across the Rhine. This type of bridge was actually rebuilt for his second time during the Conquest. His description of the structure was very detailed, and several attempts were made to reconstruct it, reflecting the level of knowledge the engineering profession had grown to by that time (Wiseman and Wiseman 1990). , pp. 78-80).
Bridges are very expensive structures. Millions of rupees are spent on bridges in Pakistan but most of them because hydrological and hydraulic studies are not done at all or if studies are done they are not done properly does not last very long. Therefore, the free food provided is insufficient to calculate flooding at different times. Therefore, the bridge overturns and the structural integrity of the bridge is compromised. Hydrological and hydraulic studies should be performed on bridges/culverts and all findings from the studies should be transferred to real scenarios. The project includes conducting hydrological and hydraulic studies of bridges and culverts. Various hydrological and hydraulic methods are used to determine flood water levels with different return periods at bridge and culvert locations. This research ensures that the structure does not collapse throughout its life and remains intact and safe during use. Each bridge must be designed to withstand 100 years of flooding without compromising its structural integrity. In most cases, bridges collapse due to flooding .Therefore, bridges must be designed to allow enough space for floodwaters to pass safely without overturning the bridge.
© 2022, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 7.529
3. METHODOLOGY Hydraulic design should be illustrated using a combination of drawings. Hydraulic data sheets and instructions. Channel openings for existing and proposed bridge designs are
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 540