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Accordingtothisstudy[3],tocompareinvestigate personnel working in the garment industry using three distinct approaches in order to assess working postures, identify musculoskeletal system stress factors, and determine exposures based on working postures. The scientificobservation basedmethodologiesemployedinthe studyareREBA,OvakoWorkingPostureAnalyzingSystem (OWAS), and PLIBEL. The working stations and working postures of operators in the garment industry were evaluated, as well as their movements that could hurt the body, and some recommendations were made to prevent thesemovements[3].

Domestic ironing play vital role in family economicstatus.Apartfromthegarmentindustrydomestic ironingaremajorlyuseindomesticsector.Menandwomen both are working in the field of ironing. Domestic ironing workers performing the various tasks to ironing various cloths and folding the cloths properly. The nature of the work,domesticironingworkersadoptedawkwardposture, whichcausediscomfortandoccupationalhealthhazard.The awkward posture of the neck, trunk, legs, upper arm position, lower arm position, and wrist position and the monotonous repetitive movement’s finally result in high prevalence musculoskeletal complains. Musculoskeletal disordersareamongtheleadingcausesoflowproductivity intoday’sworkenvironment.Industrialergonomicssystems aredesignedtoimproveproductivityofcompanynoother system is developed to domestic ironing workers. In this study,weconductedtheRapidEntireBodyAssessmentfor group of persons to find out discomfort level and suitable remediesarediscussed

Key Words: Posture Analysis, Health hazard, domestic ironing,ProperstandingpositionandREBA.

1. INTRODUCTION

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page962 STUDY ON POSTURAL ANALYSIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER RISK ON THE DOMESTIC IRONING WORKERS Bhuvaneshwaran P1 , Jishin Jayan T2 1PG Scholar, M.E Industrial Safety Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, India 2Assistant Professor, M.E Industrial Safety Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, India *** Abstract

Ironing is the process of removing wrinkles from fabricusingamachine,usuallyaheatedtool(aniron). Based on the fabric, the heating is usually performed at a temperature of 180 220 °C (356 428 °F). When ironing workersconductphysicalworkforanextendedamountof time,wMSDsarediscoveredtobesevereoccupationalhealth hazards. Workplace stress is significant in occupational laundry shops, where individuals are manually ironing garmentsinlargequantities AsperOccupationalSafetyand health Administration (OSHA), any injury or illness is consider work related if an event or exposure in work environmenteithercaused orcontributedtotheresulting condition or significantly aggravated a pre existing condition.Thesafetyisthemeasureofrelativefreedomfrom risksordangers.Itisthedegreeoffreedomfromriskand hazardinanyenvironmentsuchasinhome,office,factory andotherworkplace[8].Theergonomicinterventionsi.e.by careful design of task, tools and furniture can potentially reduce musculoskeletal stress, fatigue and can improve workers’productivity.Thestraininneckandshouldercan bereducingattheworkbyappropriatelydesigningfurniture andtasks[10].Thestudyfocusesonironingemployeesin variouslaundryestablishments(eitherathomeorinsheds) in Erode district, Tamilnadu state, India, where there is a totalpopulationof300ironingworkers.Because30%ofthe respondents were unable or unwilling to participate, the ultimatenumberofpeoplewhotookpartinthisstudywas 210. The study's objective and benefits were properly described to the participants. The author of this study initially identifies pain complaints in various places of workersbasedontheirgender(maleandfemale).Themale participation rate was roughly 167 (79.53%), while the femaleparticipationratewas43.(20.4percent)

The data was obtained from ironing workers in several laundry shops, input into Microsoft Excel, and analysedusingSPSSVersion20todeterminetheprevalence of MSD using descriptive statistical parameters such as percentages and frequencies [1]. In this study[2], On six femalerespondents,muscularfatigue(handgrip)andbody achesweremeasuredwhileironinggarmentsinastanding position on an 82 cm high board with selected irons of variousweights.Theresultsshowedthatwhenironingwith lightweightiron(0.77kgs),musculartirednessandbodily discomfortweregreatlyreducedwhencomparedtoother irons. When ironing with a heavy weight iron (2.92 kgs), muscle tiredness and body pains were shown to be much higherthanwhenironingwithalightweightironorasteam iron(1.29kgs).Asergonomic safetyisapartofworkplace safety,improvingergonomicsafety[2].

Examine10samplesbyworkingondomesticironing. Ironing operationare dividedintothreetheyare

Table -1: ClassificationofRiskAccordingtoREBA REBA Score Action Required 1 Acceptableposture 2 3 Changemaybeneeded 4 7 Changesoon 8 10 Implementchange 11 15 Changeimmediately 2.2 Methodology

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page963 1.1 Objective of the Study  To assess the extent of bodily discomfort experiencedbythedomesticironingworkers  To assess the ergonomic risk factors of the ironingworkers  Toassesstheirworkloadperception.  Toanalyzetheirworkposture.  ToimprovesafetyandpreventWMSDsofthe shoulders, arms, spinal column and feet at ironing workstations by implementing workingscientificallyevaluatedergonomicallydesignedpostures. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

Fig -2:Methodology

Fig- 1 FlowchartofREBA

3. EVALUATION

At the time of the survey, all the jobs were thoroughlyobservedbeforestartingtheworkanddetailed informationwillbecollectedfromtheworkerstoensurethe completion of ergonomic risk. A video recording and photographsweretakeninthedifferentoperationssuchas ironingandfoldingclothstorecordthedifferentmovements ofworkersandworkingpostures.Thephotographsareused to analyze to fill the scores and to evaluate the risk assessmentofajobortaskuseREBA.BasedonREBA,score therisksofMSDarerecognizeandergonomicinterventions aresuggested.

2.1 Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA)

Asinglepage employeeassessmentwork sheetis usedto evaluatebody postured forceful exertion,types of movement, repetition and coupling. The work sheet is dividingintotwobodysegmentsectionsonthelabelAand B. • SectionA trunk,neck,leg • SectionB upperarm,lowerarmandwrist. Initially,itneedstoscoregroupA(Trunk,Neck,Leg) andscoregroupB(Upperarm,LowerarmandWrist).For eachpositiontheposturalscoreisassignedfromthework sheetandsomeadjustmentismadeforforceandcoupling. Finally,fromgroupAandgroupBscoresCareobtained,and activityscoreisaddedtogetfinalREBAscore[20].

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page964 1. Ironingcloths 2. Foldingcloths ConductRapidEntireBodyAssessment(REBA)for 10 samples. The 20 work postures are select for identifying risk factors. To evaluate the postures the photoof20posturesaretakenfromdifferentangles.For eachdifferentoperationironingandfolding10postures areevaluate. Fig 3:Awkwardpostures 3.1 Postures Analysis Table 2: PosturesAnalysis S.No. Postures Description of postures 1 Risingofshoulder Liftingofironbox 2 Armsstretched Ironingatextremeends ofclothes 3 Twistingofwrists Foldingtheclothes 4 Twistingoflowerback Ironingclothesatthe leftandrightextremeof clothes 5 Lowerbackbending Ironingatforward extremeendsofclothes 6 Bendingtheneck Ironingatmiddle portionofclothes 7 Prolongedstanding Standingcontinuously forhours

Posture refers to position of different parts of our body. Muscle,tendons,andligamentmustworkharderandcanbe stresswhenweareinawkwardposture.Awkwardposture occurwhenanyjointofourbodybendsorwristexcessively. Awkward posture includes repeated or prolong reaching, twisting, bending, kneeling , squatting ,working overhead withourhandsorarmsorholdingfixedposition.Aposture heldforlongtimeiscalledstaticposture.Awkwardposture is create by (bending and twisting) or wrong workplace design and dimension Awkward posture caused MSD to worker.Themoreajointdeviatefromneutralposition,the greatertheriskofinjury

3.2 Observational methods

Theobservationalmethods, most commonlyused method,canbeappliedtoevaluatetheergonomichazardsat workplace, monitor the ergonomic improvements, and conduct researchon ergonomic issues. It is a quantitative measurement of the exposure of ergonomic risk. In this method,datacanbeeasilytrack.Duetolowassessmentcost quick and easy assessment process, the observational methods have very positive appearances in identifying ergonomics hazard in the workplace. In the workplace, a simpleobservationalmethodisneededtorecognizeriskand control the ergonomic hazards. Therefore, observational methodcansimplyinvestigatetheergonomicrisksandtheir severity in the work place. In REBA, along with postural score the static force or load score coupling score and activity scores are consider to achieve final score. The ironingworkerswhileaccomplishingtheirtasksmovetheir trunk,neck,leg,armandwrist.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page965 4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Thetotal numberof populationis10 participants participated effectively in the survey. The 10 participants were first classified based on gender i.e. male and female, where the male participant is around 80% (N = 8) and femaleparticipantwerearound20%(N=2). This report is provides ergonomic study on domestic ironing, here clearly analysis systematic REBA score for 20 postures. First 10 postures is for ironing operation inhis REBAscore 8high risk,investigationand implement change. In another 10 postures is for folding operation in this REBA score 7 medium risk, further investigation,changesoon. 4.2 REBA score percentage for ironing Table 3: REBAscorepercentageforironing SCOREREBA PEOPLENO.OF PERCENTAGE 5 1 10 7 5 50 9 2 20 10 2 20 Chart 1:GraphicalrepresentationofREBAScore ironing This report is provides ergonomic study on domestic ironing, here clearly analysis systematic REBA score for 20 postures. First 10 postures are for ironing operationinhisREBAscore8highrisks,investigationand implementchange. 4.2 REBA Score percentage for folding Table 4: REBAscorepercentageforfolding SCOREREBA PEOPLENO.OF PERCENTAGE 5 1 10 7 7 70 10 2 20 Chart 2:GraphicalrepresentationofREBAScore folding Second 10 postures is for folding operation in his REBA score7mediumrisks,furtherinvestigation,changesoon. 4.3 Pain identification Table 5: PainIdentification PAIN NO. OF PEOPLE AFFECTED PERCENTAGE % NeckPain 9 90 ShoulderPain 10 100 WristPain 8 80 LowerBack Pain 10 100 KneePain 9 90 VaricoseVeins 3 30 Hernia 1 10 Black DiseaseLung 3 30

Thetotalnumberofparticipantis10andoutofthe totalparticipantsaround99.99%(10)ofparticipantswere suffering from any one of the musculoskeletal disorder problem. The 100 % participants have the shoulder pain, whichisthemostfrequentpainsymptomamongthetotal maleandfemalerespondents.Theshoulderisthenfollowed bythelowerbackpain(100%),kneepain(90%),neckpain (90%)andwrist/handpain(80%).Almost99.99%ofpeople workinstandingpostureintheoccupationalironingsectors. Amongallotherparametersthemostsignificantparameters areshoulderpain,lowerbackpain,kneepain,neckpainand the wrist/hand pain. The Chart 3 shows the cause for shoulder pain during ironing process among male and female workers in laundry shops. In this study the author firstidentifiesthesymptomsofpaininvariouslocationsof the workers based on the gender (male and female). The numberofmaleparticipantswasaround8(80%) andthe numberoffemaleparticipantswas2(20%).

[1] KCK, Vijayakumar, and Parida Ratri. "Study on prevalences of MSDs Among ironing workers in occupationallaundryshops."(2018).

5. CONCLUSION

[5] Lindqvist, B and Skogsberg, L. 2007. Power Tools Ergonomics.Stockholm.AtlasCopco [6] Hägg, G. 2001. Hand intensive work. 9th edition. Stockholm.Arbetsinstitutet

[2] P. Aujla, P. Sandhu and R. Kaur , “An Ergonomic Study of Muscular Fatigue during Ironing Clothes with Selected Irons”, Journal of human ecology, Volume24,2008 Issue1,Pages31 34

[10] R. Bridger, “Design of repetitive task,” in Introduction to Ergonomics, 2nd ed., London: Taylor&Francis,2003,pp.121 157.

Improperposturescauseshoulderandlowerback pain,whichiscausedbylengthyperiodsofstandingwhile working,apoorlydesignedworktable,andtheweightofthe iron box. Lower back pain is caused by excessive bending and stretching. In order to eliminate shoulder and lower backpain,thetableheightisadjustedtotheperson'sheight, whichreducesoverstretchingandbending.Similarly,knee painiscaused by prolonged standingoverthecourse of a day. It is recommended that workers take proper rest intervals in between ironing sessions. Workers who undertakecontinuousandrepetitivelabourshouldtakeat least 5 10 minutes of break after every 45 minutes, as recommended by the Applied Occupational and EnvironmentalHygiene.

[8] M.W.DavidS.Gloss,“Introduction,”inIntroduction tosafetyengineering,1sted.,Singapure:JohnWiley &Sons,1983,pp.3 19.

[7] KRISTIN FREDRIKSSON , EMILIA ÖSTERLIND, “Product development of an ergonomic and sustainable iron designed for its context”, KTH IndustrialEngineeringandManagement,Masterof ScienceThesisTRITA ITM EX2018:477

Thepurposeofthisstudywastoraiseergonomics consciousnessindomesticironingworkers.Thestudyshows thatthere isevidence tosuggestthat the general working conditions of workers are poor and must be seriously improvetoreduceMSDriskfactor.Thefindingsofthisstudy suggest that the comfort of ironing employees in laundry shopscanbeimprovedbyalteringtheheightofthetableto match the height of the workers, and that a simultaneous weight reduction of the iron box should be utilised for ironing. Workers who are required to perform repetitive tasks should take frequent breaks. Stretching warm up exercises are recommended to help decrease musculoskeletal pain at work. Furthermore, it is recommended that we avoid using the charcoal iron box becausethesmokeitemitsisharmfultoourlungs.Itisalso advised that the workers should undergo periodic health checkupsandawarenessaboutMSDsmustalsobeincreased.

[3] Meral Isler , Mehmet Küçük , Mücella Guner , “Ergonomic assessment of working postures in clothing sector with scientific observation methods”,InternationalJournalofClothingScience andTechnology, ISSN:0955 6222

[9] Bridger R.S, “Anatomy Posture and Body Mechanics,”inIntroductiontoErgonomics,2nded., London:Taylor&Francis,2003,pp.31 57.

[11] Mart and Telsang, “Ergonomics,” in Industrial EngineeringandProductionManagement,12thed.,

OverallDiscomfortLevelofWorkers

[4] Hägg, G et al. 2015. Physical load. In: Work and technologyonhumanterms.3rdedition.Stockholm. Prevent.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 01 | Jan 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page967 NewDheli:Chand&SonPublisher,2011,pp.157 174. [12] S.Kolgiri,R.Hiremath,andS.Bansode,“Literature ReviewonErgonomicsRiskAspectsAssociationto thePowerLoomIndustry,”IOSRJ.Mech.Civ.Eng. Ver.III,vol.13,no.1,pp.2278 1684,2016.