International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Critique on two-wheeler electric vehicle batteries Jigar Patel1, Prof. Bhushan Save2, Amitkumar Vishwakarma3, Rohan Gawai4 B.E students, Dept. of Electrical, VIVA Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India Prof & HOD, Dept. of Electrical, VIVA Institute of Technology, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1, 3, 4
2Assistant
Abstract - In addition to an overview of various battery
The battery capacity an EV can use directly affects how the industry develops. Lead acid batteries are preferred for electric vehicles due to their low cost-to-energy ratio. But compared to other batteries, these batteries have a short cycle life. Additionally, using lead-acid batteries in an electric vehicle reduces its range because they are heavy and bulky. The Nickel Cadmium battery was able to overcome these drawbacks. They were much smaller, lighter, and more costand space-effective. Additionally, the power-to-weight ratio was favorable. The development of EVs was accelerated by the introduction of nickel metal hydride batteries. Intercalation, a more controlled process than redox reaction, is used by the negative electrode of NiMH supplementary electrochemical cells. NiMH batteries have a higher energy density despite having a higher self-discharge rate. Suitable for electric hybrid cars. Both of the electrodes in lithium-ion batteries are undergoing an intercalation process. Additionally, they are a strong alternative for use in EVs due to their higher energy density, longer lifespan, and lack of memory effect. As a result, battery performance was greatly enhanced. The main benefits of Li-ion batteries were their high energy density, lengthy lifespan, and low self-discharge rate. However, a battery failure could result in significant harm because of the extremely low operating temperature. As the name suggests, lithium-based Solid-State Batteries (SSBs) use a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte for ion conduction to overcome these drawbacks of Li-ion batteries. It has a wide operating range and no thermal runaway.
types and charging procedures, this paper introduces and evaluates other significant parameters. such as Lithium-Ion Batteries, Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries, Lead Acid Batteries, and Nickel Cadmium Batteries used in Electric Vehicles, and it illustrates the advantages that Solid-State Batteries offer over other battery chemistries, particularly Lithium-Ion Batteries, which have a liquid electrolyte. Key Words: Batteries, Lithium-ion, Lead Acid, Comparison, Electric Vehicles, Nickel Battery.
1. INTRODUCTION When the world's pollution levels dramatically increased in the late 20th century and it became clear that climate change was having an impact on the world, the demand for clean energy increased. The immediate need led to the search for a superior substitute. New vehicle CO2 emissions in Europe regulation (which establishes a minimum requirement of 95) grams of CO2 per kilometer for passenger vehicles by 2021) is the extension to 2025 and is currently being worked on. Because EVs have been shown to reduce carbon emissions, electric propulsion in vehicles has become essential. Although many manufacturers began making EVs, Tesla’s roadster first gained popularity. The battery is the most important component of an EV because it greatly influences the vehicle's cost, safety, range, and overall performance. Those powered by a battery and propelled by an electric motor are referred to as electric vehicles. You can categorize them into pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles electric ones. When subjected to two pressures from the environment and energy supply and environmental protection, every nation on earth is developing electric vehicles vigorously engineering. China Electric Vehicle Association (CEVA), a national nongovernmental organization composed voluntarily of members of the electric vehicle industry, government agencies, and employees, was established in 2004. They are developing electric vehicles vigorously engineering. A citizen of China an independent, non-governmental organization that industry for electric vehicles, voluntarily some essential hybrid and pure electric vehicle technologies have made advancements. Made and pristine small-batch production is now possible to drive an electric car. Japan has also placed a lot of emphasis on the study and creation of electric vehicles.
© 2022, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 7.529
2. TYPES OF BATTERY:2.1 Lead acid batteries. Gaston Plante created the lead acid battery in 1859. Lead oxide serves as the positive plate, heavy metal lead serves as the negative electrode, and sulfuric acid serves as the electrolyte. The charging and discharging process is accomplished by the electrolyte and electrode reaction. The advantages of lead-acid batteries include their mass production ability and relatively mature technology. The cost of production is low and the cost of the raw materials is low. The fact that the quality and volume are typically high is one of its drawbacks. This makes electric vehicles heavier and uses more energy. Lead-acid batteries also pollute the environment and have a short lifespan. However, lead-acid batteries continue to be widely used by many vehicles
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 385