DESIGN OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN BARAMULLA CITY OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR”

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

DESIGN OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN BARAMULLA

CITY OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR”.

2

1M.Tech Civil Engineering, (Specialization In Transportation Engineering), Desh Bhagat university 2Assistant Professor, Desh Bhagat university ***

ABSTRACT

ThestudydealswiththeanalysingofexistingpublictransportationsystemindistrictBaramullaofJ&K.Thestudyisfully basedontheresultsof studyingthepublictransportnetwork,itsemergingrequirementstomakeitascosteffectiveand useful in other means also for the public and make the whole public transportation system as friendly with the environment.Inthisstudythevarioustransportationsurveysweredoneandthepossibleoutcomesforthemaximumuse ofpublictransportationwereprocured.Thevariousissuesfacedbytheuseofpublictransporterswerebeingstudiedand thesuggestivemeasuresforminimizingthesamehadbeengiven.ThestudyfocusedontheBusrapidtransitsystemtobe introduced as a well stabilized and long term solution to the traffic congestion. The role of public transportation was to providepeoplewithmobilityandsimultaneouslybooststheaccessibilityofbasicservices.Inthisexamine,thenumerous surveys on the site of district Baramulla were conducted and the viable effects for the most use of publication transportationhadbeenprocured.So,inordertopromoteeconomicbenefitstotheinhabitantsofBaramullareducetraffic congestion and keeping the conducted surveys into consideration. Time table was designed for public transportation in Baramullatobringmorepublictransportationinusethantheprivateones.

Keywords: PublicTransportation,PrivateTransport,Cars,TimeTable.

INTRODUCTION

Sustainability and sustainable development balances a fine line between meeting our requirements – our need to move forward technologically and economically, and the need to cover the terrain in which we and others live. In the environment of transportation, sustainable transportation, also known as green transportation, refers to the system of transportation that’s sustainable in the Senses of social, environmental and climate impacts. The developments are veritably rapid-fire in moment’s world but care must be taken that they shouldn’t take place at the stake of our future. Sustainable transportation can be achieved pertaining to transportation system operation, energy operation, capacity operation,andenvironmentaloperation.

Transportationsystemsenablemetropolisestoflourishandgrow–enablingdaytodayconditioning,profitablerelations, andqualityoflife.Vibrantandhabitablemetropolisesaresupportedbyeffectivetransportationsystems.Thisis honoured in academic exploration, the field of practice, and in public converse. It’s common for transportation issues to be top of mind during election cycles and in liability and ranking scales, similar as the Mercer quality of living check and the EconomistIntelligenceUnit’sgloballiabilityreport,includeavarietyoftransportationissueswhenrankingmetropolises orliability.Transportationisacommonelementofdaytodaylifeandishonouredasessentialforliveabilityandprogress. Still, defining and applying delineations of sustainable transport can produce a degree of confusion due to the inherit complexity of both motifs. The analysis of transportation systems is an in depth content with numerous rudiments including mortal gets , network configuration, terrain of the system, prevailing influences on the system( politics and economics,forillustration),andthetypesofmodeoftripthatareavailable.

BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY

“Theincome-poormakelesstripsandmoreoftheirtripsareundertakenonfoot.Formostpurposestheyarerestrictedto whateverservicescanbeaccessedwithinwalkingdistances,makingthemaccessibility-poor.Thejourneytoworkmaybe relativelylong.Evenifitisnot,theywill useslowmodesanditmaybeverytimeconsuming,sotheyarealsotime-poor. Forpoorpeople,andparticularlywomen,childrenandtheelderly,tripmakingisoftendiscouragedbytheirvulnerability as pedestrians both to traffic accidents and to personal violence, making them safety-poor. Finally there is evidence that

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long walking distances and times also create a tiredness and boredom adding an energy-poverty dimension to their deprivation.”(TheWorldBank,2002).

Therefore,publictransportisveritablyimportanttoofferanaffordableanddependablevolitiontopeoplewho cannotgo privatetransport.Fromthebelowstatementitcanbederivedthatthefourcriteriaofagoodpublictransportsystemare availability,trustability,affordabilityandeffectiveness.PublicTransportsystemsthatmeetthesefourcriteriawill helpto improve the social and profitable development of a megacity and offer a way out of profitable, social and physical insulationforthepoor.TheproblemwithpublictransportplanninginutmostIndianmetropolisesisthatpublictransport iseitherinadequatelyplannedornotplannedatall.There’salackofacceptableinformationandplanningframetoguide decision makers, performing in numerous metropolises either opting unhappy systems grounded on those used in developedcountriesorlettingprivatedriversdecide.Developingcountrieshavedifferentprofitableandsocialconditions fromthoseinadvancedcountriesandresults,specifictotheirownrequirementsasopposedtosimplycopyingapproaches used by developed countries, should be developed and applied in each country. It’s the responsibility of government to insurethatpublictransportsystemsmeettherequirementsofthecommunitiestheyserve.There’sthusaneedtodevelop a methodology to assess public transport systems in India particularly Jammu & Kashmir. J & k is one of the prominent places of tourism in India. This emotional destination attracts tourists from across the globe. Its tranquil beauty, mesmerizingspots,literalmonuments,pleasinglife,godlymeadows,andJeremiahairappealsalottoeverysightseer.

Toovercomethe needofconnectivitytoothercorridor ofcountry,transportstructureisacceptableanddevelopmentis stilloninthevale.Roadtransportprovidesstylishconnectivitytothemajorandminormetropolisesofstate.Indeedsince major times, this region is known for its excellent road connectivity. Formerly, it used to fallen route the Silk route connectingcorridorofcentralAsiawithIndiansub-continent.Indeedpre-independenceperiodwasmarkedbytheJammu Kashmirhasvariedregionsthatofferdifferentstructuretoarrivethroughroadinthisregion.

Introduction of public transport in Baramulla city

Baramulla is nearly 54 Km far from Srinagar megacity. It’s the 4th largest megacity in Jammu and Kashmir with an civic populationof,500andpastoralpopulationof,539.Duetothelargepopulationofthemegacityandroadsleadingtowards sightseerdestinationslikeGulmargGondola,ApharwatPeak,AlpatherLakeexternal CircleWalkNingleNallahBabaReshi Shrinethroughthecentreofthemegacity,enterpriseslikerangeoftheroadandneedofaddingthepublictransportation needstobeanswered.Still,utmostpublictransportpassagesincludeothermodesoftrip,similaraspassengerswalkingor catching machine services to pierce train stations. Share hacks offer on- demand services in numerous corridor of the world,whichmaycontendwithfixedpublictransportlines,orroundthem,bybringingpassengerstounderpasses.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Withthetrendsofrapidurbanizationindevelopingcountriesandautomobiledominanceinmanydevelopednationsthere is a need to explore policies and plans that will allow transportation to enable quality of life for urban citizens in a sustainable manner. Despite awareness of the value of sustainable transportation and the technical operation of transit systems,fewstudiesexistthatcompareandcontrastthesustainabletransportation

Benefactions of major mass conveyance systems. Typical studies concentrate on one or two pointers, similar as energy consumedorcapacity,butdon’tlookatthesustainabilityofasysteminaholisticmanner.Anassessmentofliteratureon thecontentofsustainabletransportationshowsseveralrobusttheoreticalfabricsfortheanalysisoftransportationwhich areapplicableforcomparingdifferentmodes,butmanyexecutionsofthesefabrics.ThisstudywillconcentrateontheBus rapid-fireconveyancesystemtobeintroducedasawellstabilizedandlongtermresulttothebusinesstraffic.Thepartof public transportation will be handed to people with mobility and will contemporaneously boost the availability of introductoryservices.Inthisexamine,themultitudinouschecksonthepointof quarterBaramullawillbeconductedand thefeasiblegoodsforthemostuseofpublicationtransportationandtimetablewillbeformulatedforthesame

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

1.Toframethetimetablesof publictransportation(busesandcabs)

2.Toboostsafetyforallpublictransportationoperatorsandtoproposereferencesfortheimprovementinthesystem.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

INTRODUCTION ABOUT STUDY AREA

As per 2001 tale, Baramulla quarter had a population of. Males constituted 51 of the population and ladies 49. It had a knowledgerateof44,lowerthanthepublicnormalof64.84;with63ofthemalesand37ofladies.knowledgeable11ofthe populationwasunder6timesofage.

POPULATION OF THE STUDY AREA

District Area(Km)2 Populationaccordingto2001census Populationaccordingto2011census Baramulla 4243 8,53,344 1,008,039

METHODOLOGY

Theoptionofmodeofthetransportismostlikelyanimportantanddynamicclassicmodelsinplanningoftransportation system, and that is why the key role adopted by the public transport in the making of plans. The different modes of the public transport expresses the road break usage efficiently than the private transport and have more social advantages likewhen the more people begin tousethe publictransport the lessovercrowding will be there on roads and hencethe lessmisshappeningsandmoreeconomicbenefits.Thiscanassistanaimofcreatingpublictransportgreaterefficientand decisive within the development of new infrastructure, In order to increase usage amongst each existing customers and presentdaynon-usersintheirpublicdeliverystructures,thecityneedsto:

1.Speedupthecoreservices,perfectlybymeansofthepracticeofconvertingthemtoalittleshapeofsegregaterail-based absolutelyandbringinginthebusprecedence.

2.Streamlineroutesmorecommonlyandthusrecognitionongreatregularityoncentrecorridors.

3.Cutfaresviatheconditionofincludedtermtickets.

4.Puttogetherofferingsatsomeperiodinmodes.

5.Giveimmoderatehighexcellencecontemporaryday,clean,safemotors,andstationsandstops.

6. Reduced parking availability/multiplied parking charges, that works to help public transport will all cause more patronage will increase and modal shift, even though they may no longer always be described as what the citizen might needfromtheirpublictransportsystem.

Existing public transportation conditions

The public transportation currently running in the city of Baramulla mainly includes, sheared taxi, four wheelers ,trains andthebusseswhichareplayingwithextremelylimitedavailabilityontheBaramullatoSrinagarroute.Themajorouter city connecting roads from Baramulla to sopore, Baramulla to Uri, Baramulla to Srinagar. As most of the trips to reach thesecitiesarevia different roadsotherthanhighways whichrequiresspecial vehiclesifnecessary,astheavailabilityof publictransportislimited.

Modal share figures for passengers

The modal share data given here are showing the higher dependency on the road transport and on the other side the publictransportation modesamongwhich busses andotherpassengercarsliketata sumos,innovasandtaveras were seenlessthatownvehicleswhichwerethemainmodesthatcontributetotheroadtransport.Hencefromthemodalshare datafullpassengerdependencyontheroadtransportationcanbeseen.

Table -2 Model shares for passengers

Mode Roadtransport Railtransport Seatransport Airtransport Passengers 74.66% 21.22% 0.2% 3.92%

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Method (video and manual)

Traffic flow on an hourly basis was quantified during the day by recording video on different roads heading towards Baramulla. Manually counting traffic under subcategories such as (public and private transport) two-wheelers, fourwheelers, taxis, mini-buses, cabs, and so on, and it was revealed that public transportation was less available, as people choosetodrivetheirowncarsinsteadofusingpublictransportation.

Questioning

Tofindoutwhypeopledon'tusepublictransportation,surveywasconductedinwhich seriesofcommonquestionswere asked to people. The most common responses were recorded and documented. The most common responses were, less availability of public transportation, which was limited to particular routes with specific scheduling and often took too longtocompleteduetomultiplestops.

Questionnaire

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Oneof the threeroutesgeneratingfromBaramulla,thetrafficdatawillbecollectedand theanalysis willbedoneforthe same,fortheintroductionofthepublictransportationonallthefourroutesasbelow. 6.20%

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

GRAPH

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GRAPH

7 :AlLREADY PUBLIC TRANSPORT USERSAND NEW WILLING TO USE IN PERCENTAGE

22.86%

77.13%

Already public transport users New willing to use

Table 5: Flow of traffic from Baramulla to Uri

From Baramulla to Uri Time 7.00AM to 7.00PM

Twowheelers Cabs Privatecars Buses Trains Total 268 1744 966 54 0 3032

Percentage of total flow of traffic

Twowheelers Cabs Privatecars Buses Trains Total 8.83% 57.51% 31.86% 1.78% 0% 100%

Number of passengers travelling every day

Private Public Total 4874 9640 14514

Percentage of private and public transport users

Private Public Total 33.58% 66.41% 100%

New willing to use public transport

Alreadypublictransportusers Newwillingtouse Total 9640 1800 11440

Already public transport users and new willing to use in percent

Alreadypublictransportusers Newwillingtouse 84.26% 15.73%

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

GRAPH 18 : PERCENTAGE OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT USERS

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Bytaking1to2 passengertravellingbyeachtwo-wheeler,2to3 passengersaretravellingbyonecar, 7to9passengers travellingbyonecaband35to40 passengerstravellingbyonebus.thetotalnumberoftravellerstravellingbydifferent private and public transportation, while indicating two wheelers and private cabs as the private mode of transportation and cabs and busses as the public mode of transportation were calculated . Passengers using private vehicle throughout the day were interviewed in the short survey. On Baramulla to Srinagar route 17664 (66.61% ) passengers were using public mode of transportation and 4322 (19.65%) were willing to use public mode of transportation . On Srinagar to Baramullaroute17647 (67.11%)passengerswere usingpublicmodeoftransportationand5232(22.86%)werewilling tousepublicmodeoftransportation.

On Baramulla to Uri route 9640 (66.41% ) passengers were using public mode of transportation and 1800 (15.73%) were willing to use public mode of transportation . On Uri to Baramulla route 9544 (66.34% ) passengers were using publicmodeoftransportationand1660(14.81%)werewillingtousepublicmodeoftransportation.

OnBaramulla toSoporeroute10200(66.57%)passengerswere usingpublicmodeoftransportationand2123(17.22%) were willing to use public mode of transportation . On Sopore to Baramulla route 10266 (66.23% ) passengers were using public mode of transportation and 2234 (17.87 %) were willing to use public mode of transportation. It was observedthatthemaximumnumberofpublictransportuserswereonSrinagartoBaramullaroute routeandmaximum numberofnewwillingpublictransportuserswerealsoonthesameroute(SrinagartoBaramulla)

Table 9 : Number of required cabs , buses and trains from Baramulla to different routes

Time Table of public transport on different routes of Baramulla

Cabs ,buses and trains required from Baramulla to Srinagar from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm Cabs Buses Trains Total 1600(93.56%) 100(5.84%) 10(0.58%) 1710 Cabs ,buses and trains required from Srinagar to Baramulla from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm Cabs Buses Trains Total 1720(92.97%) 120(6.48%) 10(0.54%) 1850 Cabs ,buses and trains required from Baramulla to Uri from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm Cabs Buses Trains Total 990(94.73%) 55(5.26%) Notavailable 1045 Cabs ,buses and trains required from Uri to Baramulla from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm Cabs Buses Trains Total 960(95.04%) 50(4.95%) Notavailable 1010 Cabs ,buses and trains required from Baramulla to Sopore from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm Cabs Buses Trains Total 1100(93.61%) 70(5.95%) 5(0.42%) 1175 Cabs ,buses and trains required from Sopore to Baramulla from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm Cabs Buses Trains Total 1150(93.49%) 75(6.09%) 5(0.40%) 1230

CONCLUSION

Theanalysisofthesurveyeddatashowedthatthepassengertrips aretroubledduenonavailabilityoftheefficientpublic transport in the city. The inadequacy of public transport facilities has left the population immensely simulated. The facilitiesprovidedbytheexistingtransportationsystemisineffectivetotherequiredlevelasseenbythesurveyorofthe inspectedarea.Thepopulationintheperipherywouldgettheadditionalbenefitsifassociatedbythepublictransitsystem.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

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Surveys on the site of district Baramulla were conducted and the viable effects for the most use of publication transportationhadbeenprocured.So,inordertopromoteeconomicbenefitstotheinhabitantsofBaramullareducetraffic congestion and keeping the conducted surveys into consideration. Time table was designed for public transportation in Baramullatobringmorepublictransportationinusethantheprivateones.Accordingtotheresearcher ofthestudyarea thefacilitiesprovidedbytheexistingtransportationsystemwerenotuptotherequiredlevel.Thepopulationresidingin theoutskirtsofthecitywouldgetmorebenefitifconnectedviapublictransportationsystem

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