Home Automation Control System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Home Automation Control System

Er. Tapan Jatakia1 , Harmeet Singh Jadhav2 , Dr. Avinash Dangwani3 , Prof. Asavari Salve4, Prof. Meena Talele5

1Chartered Engineer, Department of Computer Engineering, V.E.S. Polytechnic, Sindhi Society, Chembur, Mumbai – 400071. co2014.tapan.jatakia@ves.ac.in, tapan_ditu_17.20@outlook.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3919-0609

2Student, Department of Computer Engineering, V.E.S. Polytechnic, Sindhi Society, Chembur, Mumbai – 400071. co2014.harmeetsingh.jadhav@ves.ac.in, harmeet1799@gmail.com

3HoD, Department of Computer Engineering, V.E.S. Polytechnic, Sindhi Society, Chembur, Mumbai – 400071. avinash.dangwani@ves.ac.in

4Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, V.E.S. Polytechnic, Sindhi Society, Chembur, Mumbai – 400071. asavari.salve@ves.ac.in, asavarisalve26@gmail.com

5Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, V.E.S. Polytechnic, Sindhi Society, Chembur, Mumbai – 400071. meena.talele@ves.ac.in ***

Abstract - The past and the glorious future of Home Automation is becoming more practical than just popular due to its numerous advantages. This paper aims at designing a basic home automation system that can be monitored and accessed remotely worldwide which is convenient and secure, cost-effective, along with providing flexibility, scalability, effectiveness, and portability. The technology incorporates Raspberry Pi and the web server comprising a two-way communication to exchange electric charges as well as information to maximize the system's efficiency. The web page and the switches provided on the web page help us control the information. The data containing information about the control commands are transferred between the endpoints of communication using TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). The control system mentioned herein provides the liberty to control appliances from remote locations connected through Ethernet. A novel embedded system has been designed and implemented on Raspberry Pi and a small-scale prototype is developed and tested. The system is much more secure thanallthe previous systems because researchers are using dynamic IP (Internet Protocol) addresses. Thus, the appropriate usage of WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) lowers the rate of failures and the overall cost of the system while increasing the productivity & efficiency of automation operations. The main objective of the present work is to design a smart home using various sensors which can be controlled and monitored by the Raspberry Pi via the IoT (Internet of Things). This helps homeowners utilize a simple, fast and reliable waytoautomatetheirenvironment.

Key Words: Home Automation, Smart Home, Dynamic Web, Embedded Web Server, Raspberry Pi, Appliance Automation,InternetofThings

1. INTRODUCTION

HomeautomationorSmarthomescanbedescribedasthe introduction of technological advancements within the home environment to provide convenience, comfort, security, and energy efficiency to its occupants. The introduction of artificial intelligence to the home environmentcanincreasethequalityoflife.Theadventof the IoT (Internet of Things) has quite popularized the research and implementation of various kinds of intelligenthomeautomationsystems.

Home automation can be considered as an act of using electronic systems or devices and programming them to replace several human interactions for controlling essential home functions. This operates on the base of connecting sensors and devices to the IoT. IoT can be considered as a network of physical objects which can be accessedviatheInternet.ForobjectstobeconsideredIoT based,

AusualnetworkofdevicesneedstobeconvertedtoanIPbased network supporting proprietary protocols for the devices connected within it to be considered IoT-based devices. The devices being connected to the internet can digitally represent themselves by being remotely controlled from anywhere across the world provided thereexistsaninternetconnectionwiththeWWW(World Wide Web) These objects can transmit and receive data over a network without needing to deploy requiring any human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. This also means that more data can be gathered from these devices and networks across many locations with realtime information being presented from these devices and networks TheadventofIoTdevicesandnetworkshasthe potential to increase efficiency, safety, and security. The

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researchersinthispaperplantodeploytheIoTdevicesin asmarthomesystem.

1.1 Home Appliances Control using a Remote Control

The lights and fans can be automatically turned ON/OFF with the help of a handheld remote incorporated with sensors. Hence, instead of going near a switchboard and puttingON/OFF theswitchmanually,onecanperformthe same operations remotely. Companies like Legrand and Gold Medal have already started manufacturing as well as selling these kinds of home automation control systems andtheyarepresentlyavailableinthemarket.

1.2 Home Appliances Control using DTMF

Fig -1:Inter-connectionandIntra-connectionof Home Appliances.

The smart home is supposed to be in regular interaction with its internal as well as external environments. The externalenvironmentconsistsofalltheentitiesbelonging tothesmartgridandtheinternalenvironment consistsof all appliances and devices belonging to the smart home, which are centrally managed by an entity in it. A smart home has an automated system that can be created to establishcontrolofcertainaspectsorfunctionsofahome. Thisenhancesthesecurityandefficiencyofahome,which also gives real-time monitoring via the internet and the WWW. The Raspberry Pi and the subject of home automation is a remarkable one. The Raspberry Pi can be used to automate a home at a relatively low cost. It operates on the concept of the IoT. Numerous factors maketheRaspberryPi essential for thehome automation system buttheone thatstandsoutthe mosthasto be the remarkablyaffordablecost.Thevastamountofsensorsat an extremely low cost makes it superb for home automation. There are many methods by which we can implement a home automation system. Some of the methodsarelistedbelow:-

Home appliances deployed via implementing this method canberemotelycontrolled byusingtheDTMF(DualTone Multi-Frequency). The DTMF tone gets generated when the user pushes the mobile phone keypad buttons of the mobile which are connected to the microcontroller of the homeautomationcontrolsystem[1]

1.3 Home Appliance Control using Free Hand Gesture

Home appliances deployed via this method require a human to be present in the sight of the appliance that needs to be controlled and a predefined gesture must be used to turn ON the device and another gesture must be used to turn OFF the device [2][3]. The performance of such a system is measured by the hardware embedded in thatparticulardevice.

1.4 Home Appliance Control using Internet and Radio Connection

Appliances connected to a home automation system can also be controlled remotely by using the internet. This is usually accomplished from a remote location having a localserverhostedwiththeabilitytousetheInternetand a radio connection. Researchers require a system that comprises personal computers and digital assistants, network interface cards, radio transmitters and receivers, microprocessors, AC (Alternating Current) phase control circuits, and likewise electronic hardware components. The software end of the same system requires an OS (Operating System) that contains a lucid GUI (Graphical User Interface) as well as microprocessor control software.

1.5 Wireless Browser-based Device Control using Raspberry Pi

Researchersinthepasthavedemonstratedcontrollingthe appliancesfromaGUI-basedwebbrowserinterfacewhich has been integrated with the ARM11 microcontroller [4]. This research paper demonstrates a prototype of a wireless browser-based device control implementing

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Raspberry Pi in place of the ARM11 microcontroller. Researchers in this paper propose to use Raspberry Pi in place of the ARM11 microcontroller as Raspberry Pi is much more user-friendly as well as it is easily configurable. The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized single-board computer developed in the UK by the RaspberryPiFoundation topromotetheteachingofbasic computer science in schools. The Raspberry Pi has a Broadcom BCM2835 SoC (System-on-Chip), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz, Video Core IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded to 512 MB. It does not include a built-in hard disk or solid-state drive but uses an SD card for bootingandlong-termstorage.Researchershaveusedthe Raspberry Pi Model B+ as a controller in this prototyping system. Researchers have vetted a list of Raspberry Pi models availableinthe market,suchas Pi1Model A, Pi 1 Model B, Pi 1 Model B+, Pi 1 Model A+, Pi 2 Model B, Pi Zero, Pi 3 Model B, Pi Zero W, Pi 3 Model B+, Pi 3 Model A+, Pi 4 Model A, Pi 4 Model B, and Pi 400. The project guide has advised implementing the prototype on the RaspberryPi1ModelB+duetoitseasyavailabilityaswell ascost-effectivenessinfittingintothebudget

2. HOME AUTOMATION

The introduction of home automation inthe 1970s almost failedtoimprovethelifestylesofusersforseveralreasons Firstandforemost,theresearcherscouldnotputforthand theeconomistswerecluelessindeterminingtheeconomic benefits of implementing home automation technologies. Secondly, the researchers failed to justify the high cost of implementing smart home technology since it did not includeanymetricstomeasurethedurabilityandprovide the overhauling timeline as well as the lack of being userfriendly.

Hence, there arose a need for smart home automation technologies to be cost-effective, easy to install-deploymaintain, while also being scalable and compatible with numerous allied network infrastructures and appliances. TheHousingLearning&ImprovementNetworkpublished aSmartHomedefinitionofferedbyIntertecin2003states that a smart home is a dwelling incorporating a communications network that connects the key electrical appliances and services, and allows them to be remotely controlled, monitored, or accessed Researchers provide a summary of the previous research performed into smart home technology within the past decade. The advent of 1995 showed the world the construction of the Welfare TechnoHousesinJapan.Thepurposeoftheseexperiments was to provide health monitoring for elderly people and disabled people in their homes by using fully automated machinesthatsupporttheirdailyhealthcareactivitiesand thus improve the quality of their life. The University of Texas at Arlington has conducted the MavHome project over the past 7 years. The MavHome (Managing an Adaptive Versatile Home) is a home environment that detects various states of the environment through electronic sensors and intelligently acts upon the environment through controllers. The electronic sensors installed inside the smart home form an ad-hoc network with multiple interconnections that help them make appropriatedecisionsaboutcontrollingtheenvironment.

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT

The focus of the project is on helping users to operate home appliances from their smartphones and to help the elderly or physically challenged people live a more independent life for as long as possible. The objective of this system is to take care of several individual domestic systemsthat mightnormallybedifficultforthosewhoare physically challenged or elderly to take care of. The proposed idea will allow a user with any android enabled device to run a piece of downloadable software on any mobile device such as a smartphone. This application will allowthe user tocontrol a device that isconnected toany home appliance that is Pi enabled. The focus of this applicationwillbetodirectasecuritysystemwithwebcam surveillance, door sensor notification, and a light control system. Sensors will be connected to the home appliances withPisothattheycanbemonitoredandcontrolled.

Suppose an employee who has gone to work and during this period a thief sneaks up into the house breaking throughawindow.Theproposedsystemwouldenablethe client to monitor the home when a door or a window sensor triggers the alarm. The client monitors the home withawebcamandvarioussensoryintelligencethathelps immediately inform the local law enforcement authorities abouttherobbery.Theclientcouldalsocheckthestatusof thevariouslightingsystemsandremotelyturnONandOFF thelightwithouttheneedtogetoutofbed whilesleeping

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in the bedroom. These devices would also benefit those userswhoaresufferingfromvariousphysicalailmentsand requiretohaveverylimitedmobilitythatmightgivethem a difficult time getting to or even reaching their switchboards The researchers propose to accomplish these objectives requires a good tech stack as well as technological prowess. The user interface is to be kept as simple and user-friendly as possible so that could be operateddynamically

4. EXISTING SYSTEM

SAP laboratories in Canada with research from the University of McGill presented a wireless solution for monitoring people in need of medical assistance. The application relies on the usage of cell phones as well as inexpensive sensors and is best suited for the elderly and homebound people. The main function of the project is to collect signals through a wireless sensor network using APIs and the analysis for data through an adaptive architecture that produces a Real-time health monitoring system to improve medical support for people in their homes and assisted living environments. Several groups have done extensive research into the use of smart home devicesforthesupportofelderlyandphysicallychallenged people. The University Of Erlangen Nuremberg, Germany has described the challenges regarding smart homes, especially for supporting the elderly and physically challenged people. The purpose is to physically compensate for the handicaps and support the individual to help them accomplish a more independent life for as longaspossible.

Thepaperdoeshoweverreinforcetheadvantagesofusing a wireless standard. Bluetooth is one of the most prominent global standards used for connecting a wide range of devices [5]. It is available on most handheld devices. The technology is very easy to set up and use, as well as it providessecurityby encrypting the transmitting data using a 128-bit long shared key However, its technology limits its ability to transmit data over long distances, and hence short-range communication is only possible RF (Radio Frequency) systems have become increasinglypopularrecentlywiththeadvancementsinRF technology such as Bluetooth and ZigBee [6][7] These products offer a much more reliable short-range network thanpreviousinfrareddeviceswhichhadinterferenceand security issues. However, RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) tags are more expensive, less reliable, and areapplicationspecifici.e.noonetagfitsall.

Researchers in this project focus on device-enabled systems for smart home automation control to deploy RaspberryPiforprimaryapplicationusage.Althoughmany systems have been researched and proposed in past research projects, very few among them have been prototypedandimplemented.Thisprojectaimstobuildon

the previous research described to implement a wireless sensor network to access and monitor appliances in the smart house. Researchers aim to provide an easy-tooperate and cost-effective approach that benefits users interactingwithHomeappliancesremotely.

5. METHODOLOGY

Researchers have implemented an Operating System agnostic Browser-based Device Control using the Raspberry Pi Model B+. The Raspberry Pi Model B+ and Ethernet [8] are the primary components of the project. Raspberry Pi is the advanced version of the ARM11 processor. It uses circuit configuration which is interfaced on the computer and the commands are written using Python scripting language. Relays (or Relay Switches) are provided to connect the Raspberry Pi to the home appliances and facilitate their control. Web page design usingHTMLincludestheinformationoftheappliancesthat are controlled by the user. The Web page acts as an interface to connect to the Ethernet. Data acquisition through the respective sensors is asynchronously displayedontheWebpage.Inputthroughthiswebpageis sentviaaUDP(UserDatagramProtocol)totheEthernetIP address of the Module Board which process the input request and accordingly commands the respective devices connected to the Raspberry Pi Board. The various devices such as Lamps, Tube lights, Fans, etc., and other remotely controlled peripherals remotely receive ON/OFF requests via the Web Server-Raspberry Pi Relay Architecture. This elegant architecture provides simplicity and easiness in controlling the appliances and devices that are connected to the Raspberry Pi board and are kept in sync with the relaying architecture as well Even a lay person entirely unaware of the knowledge of engineering disciplines of Electronics, Computers, etc. with limitedknowledge of the internet and web pages can remotely access and control theapplianceswithinthesmarthomefromanypartofthe world.

6. TECHNOLOGY

6.1 Hardware Components

6.1.A Raspberry Pi Model B+

The Raspberry Pi Model B+ is a credit-card-sized singleboardcomputerdevelopedintheUK(UnitedKingdom)by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of basiccomputerscienceinschools.TheRaspberryPihasa BroadcomBCM2835SoC,whichincludesanARM1176JZFS700MHz,VideoCoreIVGPU,andwasoriginallyshipped with256MegabytesofRAM,laterupgradedto512MBs.It does not include a built-in hard disk or solid-state drive butusesanSDcardforbootingandlong-termstorage.

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The function of the relay driver circuit is to provide the necessarycurrenttoenergizetherelaycoilwhenaLOGIC 1 is written on the PORT PIN thus turning the relay ON. The relay is turned OFF by writing LOGIC 0 on the port pin.

6.1.C Rectifier

The power supply setup of the system contains a stepdown transformer of 230/12V, used to step down the voltageto12VAC (VoltAlternating Current).Toconvertit to DC (Direct Current), a Bridge rectifier is used. Bridge rectifiers are well suited to be used in high-voltage environmentsastheyhaveahighpeakinversevoltage.

6.1.D Regulator & Capacitor

Researchers have to periodically perform a ping test to verifythattheRaspberryPiModelB+boardisfunctioning wellandconnectedtotheInternet.Again,thisdependson theconfiguration(EthernetorWi-Fi)andtherouterbutis usuallyreallyeasy. Checkingtheconnectionusinga Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) dongle is the easiest solution directed by the GUI that comes along with the Raspbian OS (OperatingSystem)tosearchforthewirelessnetworkand enter the WEP/WPA (Wired Equivalent Privacy / Wi-Fi ProtectedAccess)password.

6.1.B Relay Circuit

ARelayisanelectricallyoperatedswitch,whichallowsthe lowpowercircuitstoswitch toa relativelyhighervoltage or current on getting ON or OFF. Relay switches consume less power thus making them an ideal choice to be deployed inside sophisticated technologies. These electronic components are known to work well with stability under high temperatures as well. For a relay switchtooperate,asuitablepull-inandholdingcurrentis required to be passed through its coil. Relay coils are designed to operate at a pre-defined particular voltage, often it is 5V (Volts or Voltage) or 12V. Figure 4 well illustrates the working of the relay switch used by researchersintheproject.

To remove the ripples, a capacitive filter is used A 7805 voltageregulatortoregulatethevoltageto+5Visrequired to ensure a smooth operation of the Raspberry Pi and other components. A regulator offers a rapid voltage correction capability with negligible restrictions on the voltagecorrectioncycles.

6.1.E LCD Display

AnLCD(Liquid-CrystalDisplay)numeric-cum-textdisplay isusedtodisplaythecommandstransmittedandreceived throughtheIoTDynamicwebapplication.

Fig -5:5LCDDisplay.

TheLCDDisplaycanbeprogrammedbyattachingittothe Raspberry Pi Board. The LCD Panel is divided into small matrices. Each matrix needs to be programmed accordingly to achieve the display of the commands that are transmitted from the IoT Dynamic Web application to theControllerBoard.

6.1.F Appliances

Lamps, Fans, Tube-lights, and likewise appliances are taken into consideration and are connected to the board so to prototype the control system for the smart home automationsystem.

6.1.G

Wi-Fi Connection Modem

Wi-Fi or Ethernet Connection is required to connect the Raspberry Pi Model B+ to the internet. The IoT Dynamic

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Web application can access the Raspberry Pi board embeddedarchitecturethroughthisWi-FiConnection.

6.1.H Raspberry Pi enabled Home Automation block diagram

decoratingawebpage.Hypertextisthetextthathasbeen used up with extra specifications such as formatting, imagemultimedia,etc.Markupisaprocessofaddingextra symbols. HTML comprises syntax and rules. It is a universal language used for classifying the various functions across different sections of a document. It indicates which part of the document is the title, which is the authors' name and address, which part should be emphasized and which part should include an image, and so on. HTML features the use of various tags like the Frames tag, the Header Tag, etc. It comprises of format type instructions that are taken into consideration like <head>, <title>, <body>, etc. A button tag is also used in thisproject.

6.2.C Python

Fig -6:RaspberryPienabledHomeAutomationSchematic. 6.2 Software Components Fig -7:CommunicationbetweentheWebServer,Browser, Sketches,andHardware

6.2.A Linux OS

RaspbianisafreeOS(OperatingSystem)basedonDebian optimized for Raspberry Pi hardware. Raspbian OS is the set of basic programs and utilities that make the Raspberry Pi run smoothly. However, Raspbian is much more than a standard OS. It comprises over 35,000 packages and pre-compiled software bundled in a userfriendly format for easy installation on the Raspberry Pi boards.Theinitialbuildofover35,000Raspbianpackages, optimized for the best performance on the Raspberry Pi, wascompletedinJuneof2012.However,Raspbianisstill underactivedevelopmentwithanemphasisonimproving thestability&performanceofasmanyDebianpackagesas possible.

6.2.B HTML

HTML(Hyper-TextMarkupLanguage) isaspecifictypeof universal language used for digitally and visually

Python is a high-level programming language. The design andphilosophyofPythonprovidecodereadability,andits syntax allows programmers to express the concept in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages suchasC.Itfeaturesadynamictypesystemandautomatic memory management andhasa largeand comprehensive standard library. Researchers have used various Python instructions to run using the configurations on the platform. It can also be used for booting up the Raspbian OS. Python scripting and programming language is an open-sourceproject.

6.2.D Embedded Web Server

The implementation of embedded internet technology is accomplished withthehelp ofembedded web servers. An embedded web server provides remote access to devices from a web browser. An embedded web server is an integral part of an embedded network that consists of an ARM processor [10]. ARM processor contains internet software & application code for monitoring & controlling the systems. An embedded server is a single-chip implementationoftheEthernetnetworkingstandard.The client computer sends or receives data to and from the ARM microcontroller using the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) packets [11]. The clienthastoentertheIPaddresstoaccessthisserver.The IP address of embedded devices is available on the client side to directly access the system. Users can connect and access the information from a remote location by using this IP address The Hyper terminal is used to boot the target board. After the target is successfully booted with an RTOS (Real-Time Operating System), it is tested over the network using the ping command [12]. The OS manages the request of the client and forwards it to the LAN (Local Area Network) controller of the client system. The LAN controller sends the request to the router which processes and checks for the system connected to the network with that particular IP address [13]. If the IP address entered matches that of the server, a request is sent to the LAN controller of the server to the client and

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hencea sessionisestablishedbetween theserverandthe client and the server starts sending the web pages to the client. Researchers have utilized both types of IP addresses viz. Static IP & Dynamic IP. Dynamic IP is assigned through the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server of the GSM (Global System for Mobile) communication providerfor everyconnection established [14] TheembeddedsystemupdatestheIPinformationon the server upon every reboot, which causes an IP refresh from the GSM service provider [15] Researcher A. W. Ahmed implemented the Dynamic IP address and hence concluded that it is of great use as it provides more flexibility and good secured results [16]. Web pages are designedusingHTMLthatpresentstheuserwithapageof the system information. Researchers use HTML to build embeddedwebpages.Embeddedwebservershavealotof advantages such as low cost, support for real-time web applications, and low overhauling required; are userfriendly, have high reliability, security, durability, and likewise

7. FEATURES

7.1 Interoperability

The beauty of an automation system is its ability to tie diverseelectronicdevicestogethersotheycanperformas one unified system. Researchers have accomplished these devices to cohesively work. However, the cohesive operation can be simple or complex, depending on the openness of the automation system. The more open a systemis,theeasieritbecomesforthelights,thermostats, audio /video equipment, security devices, motorized shades, and other electronics to communicate with each other. Manufacturers and vendors of smart home automation systems often form connectivity partnerships or alliances with similar other manufacturers or vendors to support the interoperability between multiple electronic devices They foster interoperability through their adherence to various technological standards. The moreconnectivityoralliancepartnersamanufacturerhas formed and standards they have adopted and implemented, the more choices a Consumer has while choosingtheirproducts

7.2 Remote-Access

Automationisallaboutbeingabletocontrol thingsin the home and part of that is being able to change the settings quickly and easily if the users’ plans change on the go Moreoftenthannot,planschangewhennooneisathome, so being able to communicate those changes with the home automation system remotely is one of the most revered features of an automation system. Remote access capabilities allow users to monitor their smart home’s environment and alter the settings of the lights, thermostats, and other gear if necessary just from a

laptop,acellphone,orPDAs(PersonalDigitalAssistants). Remote monitoring features should be a service that manufacturers, vendors, and installers must provide free of charge. Remote access allows the Installation provider to tweak the system without having to make a house call, whichisalwayscheaperandmoreconvenient.

7.3 Scalability

The way one lives in the home five years from now will probably be much different from the way one lives in the hometoday.Moreover,technologywillcontinuetoevolve, introducing a completely new generation of products to the marketplace. The futuristic smart homes may see users wanting to add new dedicated spaces or rooms like a recently finished basement or an addition to the backyard to the user’s automation network. A few of them might simply want to start with just a few features when they initially deploy the system and later on add newcapabilitiesasusershavemoremoneytoinvestinthe same Hence, a smart home automation system must be capable of easily expanding both vertically to incorporate additionalproductsandhorizontallytosupportadditional rooms. Manufacturers can support vertical as well as horizontal scalability by designing their systems to work on a common network language that is similar to the IP (Internet Protocol). The application of IP offers wireless retrofittable products to communicate with a smart home’sexistingnetworkofwiredproducts.

7.4 Upgradability

The touchscreens and black boxes might look impressive, butitiswhatonedoesnotseethatholdsthetruepowerof an automation system. Software is the driving force of an automation system. The more sophisticated that software is, the more operations the system can perform As technologychanges,somustthesoftware.Theuserhasto ensure that the manufacturer (or the installer) would be able to unlock and download the software updates automatically before procuring any home automation system.

7.5 Variety of Interfaces

Researchers in the past have demonstrated several different methods a user can control the electronic systemsinsideasmarthome,suchaspressingthebuttons of a hand-held remote or a wall-mounted keypad or even by touching the colorful icons on a portable touch panel andbyslidingthefingers.Usersusuallyutilizeavarietyof different controllers to make sure the automation manufacturer offers a wide selection of interfaces that dependsonthefamilydynamic,budget,andpreferences.

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7.6 Time Tested

Theveryseriousearlyadoptersonlylikethemselvestobe the guinea pigs. So users are known to select an automation system with a proven track record. The same goesforthepersonwhoinstallsthesysteminto theuser’s home. Users should be able to gather some historical background and reviews about the manufacturers, vendors, and/or installers from their official company websitesandsocialmediaplatformstocompletetheirdue diligence.

7.7 Strong Dealer Network

Good home automation manufacturers go above and beyond to create a strong dealer network, by offering continuing education and training and by supporting multiple dealers in a single geographic area. Consumers must have the option to choose more than one dealer. Whenmorethanonedealercarriesaparticularproductin the area, pricing is more competitive, and should one dealer go out of business, there’s someone else the user cancalltoperformoverhaulingandcontinueservicingthe system.

7.8 Energy Savings Commitment

One of the hottest topics in consumer media is energy conservation [17]. Automation systems can help save energy by turning OFF electronic devices automatically, and some do this better than others. Users are advised to check out the energy consumption and energy-saving features of a home automation control system before procuringthesame

7.9 Protection Layer

Everyonealways wonders whathappenstoanautomated house when the power goes out. Does the automation control system forget how to operate the lights when the power is restored? Any home automation control system havingtheappropriatebackupprotectionwon’tworrythe user about the resumption of operations after power restoration.

7.10 Can do Attitude

The installer and the manufacturer or vendor are both responsible for customizing the needs and requirements ofcustomersandclients.Automationisonlybeneficialand practicalifitfitstheusers’lifestyles Sinceeveryonehasa different lifestyle, the manufacturer or vendor must provide its installers with the tools to customize the system to users’ specific needs and requirements. If there issomethingthattheuserwantsthesystemtodoandthe installer says it is impossible, either the installer or the manufacturerhasfailedeitherdeliveringorconveyingthe appropriateapplicationofthesystemtotheuser.

8. FUTURE SCOPE

8.1 Digitization of home automation system

Home automation is an industry that largely started with the X10 devices in 1980. Researchers believe futuristic home automation will very much ride the digital age and developalongwiththedigitizationofcontrolsystems.The home automation industry has leveraged Web 2.0 technologies and now it’s time to leverage Web 3.0 technologies as well in a similar fashion. Initially, it appeared, companies such as Microsoft and Exceptional InnovationwiththeirLife/waresoftwarewerepositioning the Windows Media Center PC as the heart and soul of a complete packaged solution for home automation relying on web services to seamlessly interface with lighting controls, climate controls, security panels, and IP surveillance cameras to compliment the digital media management capabilities of Windows Media Center. However, Exceptional Innovation stopped selling its systems for residential installations, and Microsoft Media CentercapabilitieshavedisappearedintheWindows8OS.

8.2 Improved network speed and bandwidth

Advances in home networking technology using both wired and wireless Ethernet have enabled the addition of moredevicesto the network at anaffordableincremental cost. Users building new homes today should consider installing Cat6 cable wiring throughout the home to supporta Gigabit Ethernet bandwidthwhich will improve the performance of digital video streaming among the devicesinthehome.TheIEEE802.11nstandardforhome Wi-Fi networks has provided similar improvements in wireless bandwidth. The 802.11n specification has been released and wireless routers delivering more than 300 Mbpsofbandwidthareavailableinthemarket.Theyoffer significant advances in signal strength throughout the home. This improvement in bandwidth bodes well for existing homeowners wanting to retrofit a home automation solution without knocking down walls or tearingupdrywall.

8.3 Radio communications incorporating ZigBee

Coupledwiththeaboveadvances theEthernettechnology is the emergence of RF communication protocols such as the ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4 standard) and Z-Wave developedbyZenSystems.RFcommunicationsprovidean advantageous speed over the Ethernet for small amounts ofinformationwhichistypicalofthecommandsequences requiredforcontrollingthelightsorthermostatsinstalled inthesmarthome Researchershavespecificallychosento highlight the industry-leading Control4 product line because the system architecture is built on a communicationsinfrastructurethatutilizesthestrengthof theEthernetfordigitalaudio/videostreamingandZigBee

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for controlling information flowing between the system controller, its allied devices, and its user interfaces in the system. These mature RF protocols also enable wireless contactandmotionsensorstobedeployedinthesecurity systems.

8.4 Plug-n-play home automation control system

Analogoustothecomputerandnetworkingindustries,the degree to which smart home functionality is adopted in the mainstream highly depends on the systems and software developed to enable a plug-n-play environment Systems offering plug-n-play compatibility features are in high demand and are readily purchased by homeowners suchaslightingdevicesorthermostatswhichcaneasilybe integrated into a proprietary home automation system withoutengagingacustominstaller/integratorsolution.

8.5 RF-based technologies in home automation

One reason the X10 technology enjoyed a 30+ year ride was the simplicity of adding X10 devices in smart homes at a cost affordable to all homeowners. A large variety of X10devicespreviouslyavailableallowedthehomeowners to address a few novel areas that could not be controlled by the older technologies. Since the product manufacturing of the X10 technological devices has been discontinuedbycompaniessuchasX10USA,homeowners will have to switch to one of the RF-based technologies. Thistransitionisprobably best managed by replacing the failed X10 devices with Insteon equivalents from Smarthome which can be assigned an X10 address and controlled by X10 devices in addition to other Insteon devices.

8.6 The advent of Cloud technologies

Researchershavediscussedthepotentialofasmarthome automation control system via leveraging the novel cloud technology which could have the ability to extend smart home technology to a much larger market if a central serverwiththethinhome-controllerclient architecture is fully developedanddeployed [18].WhileAppleandother big techs have been advocating the Cloud as a repository for all the multimedia files, it is not clear whether any of the top HA (High Availability) companies are looking at thecentralserverortheremoteclientapproach.

8.7 Comprehensive appliance interface

The proliferation of household appliances available with an Ethernet connection has facilitated adding audio or video devices having this novel connection feature This futuristic automation has become feasible nowadays with the plug-n-play capability enjoyed in today’s computers that is extended to other allied home devices and appliances. This of course requires manufacturers and vendors to have a compelling reason to include the

appropriate chipset and firmware in these appliances to enable them to support the process of recognition of the same by other controllers on the smart home automation controlsystemnetwork.

8.8 Home automation embedded in SoC

The speed of digitization incurs an incremental cost that might be insignificant when combined with a chip that provides the essential functions embedded This reduces the hassle of dealing with multiple chipset architectures acrossvariouskindsofdevicesandappliancesinstalledin the smart home. Also, researchers in this paper aim to publish their future work that combines SoC with certain security features embedded within the SoC to protect the chipset architecture from various cyber vulnerabilities andattacks.

9. LIMITATIONS

9.1 Equipment and Installation Costs

The automation of houses and residential areas is widely related to financial costs. The total cost depends on the equipment installed in the smart house and on the expensesittakestoinstallanddeploythosesystems.Afew trustedvendors provide theinstallationservice forfreeto their customers. The more advanced the system is, the moreexpensiveitbecomestoprocureandinstallthesame. Although,thegradualgrowthinresearchanddevelopment, as well as the rise in popularity of home automated devices,hasresultedinareductionintheirexpensivecost But as of now, because of the hugely rare implementation ofsuchsystems,thecostisstilloutofreachofmiddle-class homeownerswhoarelookingforcost-effectiveautomation solutions.

9.2 System crashes due to any damage in the Inter-connections and Intra-connections

Damage due to rupturing of cables or fibers causes the entiresystemtocrash.Thiswillnotbethecasewithradio signals or other communication signals. Signal receptivity is a very crucial problem that needs to be addressed However, the haphazard wiring or cabling of the system resultsinacrashinmostofthesystemsinstalled

9.3 Human Errors

Human errors occur when users fail to handle the home automation kit safely or fail to use the correct keys/buttons to perform the operations. Human errors alsocanleadtothemalfunctionoftheinstalledmachinery. Eventually, there is a definite possibility of a huge system crash.

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9.4 Reliability

The reliability of the home automated systems highly varies across several parameters and factors. It depends mostly on the technology used and the advancements beingdonetosecureandmakethesystemreliable.

9.5 Security Threats and Vulnerabilities

Home automation control systems usually have a limited level of self-aware intelligence and hence are more susceptible to committing errors outside of their immediate scope of knowledge. For example, the smart home automation control system post-deployment is typically unable to apply the rules of simple logic to generalpropositions

10. CONCLUSION

Futuristic advancements will show the traditional homes of today evolving into robust, effective, environmentfriendly, and energy-efficient Smart Homes with Smart Grid. Houses will undergo their transformation towards smart homes that will be in constant interaction with the grid in an effort for better energy management and full homeautomationtoensurecomfort,security,andprivacy. Researchers in this paper aim to design and prototype a smart home using various sensors that can be accessed, monitoredaswellascontrolledbytheRaspberryPiboard via IoT technology. It is focused on two aspects of the smarthomei.e.homesecurityandhomeautomation.This systemisalsoequippedwithautomatedlightsandvirtual switchesforcontrollinglightsandappliancesinthehome remotely using external and/or internal networking with theRaspberryPiviaanHTML/Python webpage.Thefullfledged functionality of the prototype indicates that deviceslikeRaspberryPicanplayaveryimportantrolein designing thesmarthomeofthe futureataverylowcost. An energy-aware smart home can be developed using the Raspberry Pi board and allied sensors. Raspberry Pi proves to be a smart, economic, and efficient platform for implementing home automation via a web server where users can analyze and control the various appliances installedintheirhomesfromanywhereintheworld.This technique,therefore,providesworldwidehomeaccessfor the user more than any other home automation system. Researchers believe the project prototype in this paper can form the basis for upgraded, enhanced, and futuristic applications of the system used for security surveillance andespionage,industrialautomation,andlikewiseeasily.

11. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Student researchers express their heartfelt gratitude towards those who helped the team accomplish the project and also contributed to the preparation of this paper. Student researchers are indebted to their guide Professor Mrs. Asavari Salve & their Class Teacher

Professor Mrs. Aarti Mahajan whose invaluable guidance, timely suggestion, and constructive encouragement inspired them to complete the research paper in the presentform. Student researchers express their thanks to thelibraryofV.E.S.Polytechnicwhichisasourceofsuch invaluable information including the Internet Facility of the same. Student researchers would like to thank the HOD of the CO (Computer Engineering) Department Dr. Avinash Dangwani who has, directly and indirectly, provided his suggestions that helped them create this paper. Researchers would like to pay special thanks to their parents for sparing their invaluable time and inspiring them throughout their career journey. Although there remains a few unsung contributors whose names cannotbedisclosedbutnoneremainun-thankedforsure.

REFERENCES

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BIOGRAPHIES

Er. Tapan Jatakia isnowaChartered Engineer and an Associate Member of the prestigious Institution of Engineers – India (IEI, Kolkata) from theBelapurChapterintheComputer ScienceDivision. Heis a Professional Cyber Security Engineer and Threat Intelligence Analyst, a Passionate Software Engineer, a Data ScienceML-AI and GIS Practitioner, a Web 3.0 Evangelist, and an RPA Enthusiast.

Harmeet Singh Jadhav has completed his B.Eng. in CSE from Mumbai University and is now working in the IT Sector on Cloud technologies. He has become a Professional Cloud Engineer and an avid Data Scientist. Studying & applying Machine Learning concepts toreal-worldscenarioshasbeenone ofhisinterestsindoingresearchand development.

Dr. Avinash Dangwani hasbecome a Multidisciplinary Technologist having 25+ Years of Experience researching several interdisciplinary projects of Computer Hardware, Software, Embedded Systems, Networking,

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Electronics & Telecommunication & Electronics. He is nearing his Ph.D. completion from Pacific University researching Data Science, ML, Deep Learning, and AI. He is a passionate teacher and believes in Teaching from ‘Applications to Fundamentals’.

Prof Asavari Salve is an experienced lecturer having served 10+ Years and working in the computer software industry. She is skilled in Software Testing & STLC, Teamwork, Manual Testing, & Problem Solving. Presently she teaches computer science to young students at a US-based firm. Traveling& doingAdventureSports areafewofherinterests.

Prof. Meena Talele is the Program Coordinator in the CO (Computer Engineering) Department having experience teaching for 10+ Years in the computer science arena She has completed her M.Eng in Information Technology specializing in AI She is an avid enthusiast of Data Science, ML, AI, andCloudtechnologies.