Accessing General Health Care Facilities

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Accessing General Health Care Facilities

Adithya Singupati1

1 B-Tech Student, Computer Science Engineering, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India*** -

Abstract - With the advent of industrialization and globalization a substantial growth of the world's economy andalso the manufacturing andthe development of various new products and technologies is health sector is observed, and also a tremendous raise in demand for medical equipment is seen which eventually has been one of the major reasons behind the deaths during pandemics like COVID. In a country like India where population is 1.38 billion people, it might be difficult to provide medical facilities to all. But I feel this problem is actually due to Lack of proper information about availability of medical equipment in hospitals and also there’s a scarcity in the health-relatedproducts. Thisarticlecomprisesofdeveloping an interface between people and hospitals which gives information about the availability of medical equipment to the people andprovides facilities likee-healthcareorvirtual medical visit by following health informatics. But before directly jumping into the actual ideathisarticlecomprisesof the primary research work that includes collection of opinions andresponses fromthe major stakeholders related to the problem through telephonic interviewandsurveyand secondary research work that involves gathering of ample data relevant to the problem. It also comprises of the insights that are gained from the research, various possible solutions to the problem that are thought of and also the description of the best solution that is identified along with the development and testing of the prototype.

Key Words: Healthsector,healthinformatics,e-health, health-related products, interface, virtual medical visit, survey,prototype

1. INTRODUCTION

Beitintermsofrevenueoremployment,Healthcarehas become one of the India's largest sector. This sector includes medical devices, hospitals, medical tourism, healthinsuranceand.Medicalequipment.TheIndianhealth caredeliverysystemisoftwotypes:

1)

2)

Publichealthcaresystem

Privatehealthcaresystem

Coming to Public health care system i.e, Government, CompriseslimitedsecondaryandTertiarycareinstitutions inmajorcities

Its main aim is to provide basic health care facilities in rural areas in the form of PHC's (Primary health care centres).

Nowcomingtooursecondcategoryi.e,Privatehealthcare system provides majority of secondary, tertiary and quaternarycareinstitutionsthatPaysit'sfullattentionin tier1andtier2andalsometros.

AsweallknowWell-trainedMedicalprofessionalsarethe India'scompetitiveadvantage.ThecostofsurgeryinIndia islesswhencomparedtoUSorWesternEuropeitcounts about one-tenthofUS/WesternEurope.

Indiabecamethefastestcountryintheworldtoreach4 million Covid-19 Vaccination mark in 18 days with referencetoFeb3-2021.

2. Literature Survey

A thorough research was carried out to study various problemsinHealthsectorinIndia.Thisdocumentpresents studyfindingsfromprimaryandsecondarysourcesofdata. Primarydataisoriginalanduniquedata,whichisdirectly collected by the researcher from a source such as observations, surveys, questionnaires, case studies and interviewswiththestakeholders.Sourcesofsecondarydata are websites, articles and internal records. So while secondaryresearchiseasilyaccessibletheyarenotpureas theyhaveundergonethroughmanystatisticaltreatments andediting.

2.1).Primary survey Questionnaire:

Survey questions that were sent to the participants are shownbelow.Wehavereceivedalmost125responsesto the survey conducted on General Health Care Infrastructure. Most of the respondents are medical students who belong to the age group 15-25, and remaining aredoctorsand peoplerecoveredfromCovid whobelongtotheagegroup26-40.Morethanhalfofthe respondents are encountered with covid directly or indirectly.

More percentage of the respondents expressed that the current medical infrastructure of India needs improvement and remaining are completely dissatisfied withit.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Onaskingabouthowistheavailabilityofhospitalson theirarea 73.2%ofthepeopleansweredthatthere aregoodamountofhospitalsavailableintheirarea and25.2%peopleansweredthattherearenotmany hospitalsintheirlocalityandremaining1.6%percent peopleansweredthattheirarenohospitalsavailable forthematall.

Next onquestioningWhydoyouthinkmanypeople choose to be Home Quarantined 14.6% people answeredthatDuetothelackofavailabilityofbeds, 29.3% peopleanswered due to mild symptoms andremainingmajor56.1%peopleansweredBOTH.

Figure-1 

Nextquestioningabouthaveanyofthemencountered covid-19 or any of their family members or friends sufferedwithcovid-1965.9%ofpeoplereportedthat YESandremaining34.1%peoplereportedNO. 

Figure-4 

On questioning In conditions like these are the patients suffering from diseases and covid-19 were abletogetrequiredmedicinesfromthepharmacies 76.4%peopleansweredthatYestheyaregettingand remaining23.6%peopleansweredthatNothatthey arenotabletogetthemedicines.

Figure-2

Onquestioningifanyofthemaffectedwithcovid19,HowdidtheygottreatmenteitherbyHOME QUARANTINE or HOSPITAL 52.8% people reported they are Home Quarantined , 18.7% people reported that they went to hospitals for getting treatment and remaining 28.5% people neverencounteredcovid-19.

Figure-3

Figure-5

On questioningthem what might bethe reasons do they think for increase in the number of deaths related covid-19 and other diseases 35.8% people answeredthatduetolackofmedicines,15.4%people answered due to less immunity , 17.5% people answeredLackofavailabilityofbedsinhospitalsand remaining 30.9% people answered that increase in number of deaths are because the patients are not abletogetrequiredmedicines/blood/plasmaontime.





International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Figure-6

Nextonquestioningwhenapersonisinneedofblood ,ishe/sheabletogetrequiredbloodontime59.3%of people reported No and remaining 40.7% people reportedYes.

Figure-9 

Onaskingtheopinionweathertheywillhelppatients inthesetimes95.9%ofpeoplerepliedYes theywill helpand remaining 4.1% of people repliedNo they can’thelp.

Figure-7

OnquestioningthemthatDotheythinkalltheHome quarantined patients are able to get the required itemslikemedicines,plasma,oxygencylinders79.7% people reported No and remaining 20.3% people reportedYes

Figure-8

questioningthepeopleweathertheythinktheremust bementalsupportalongwithphysicalsupport70.7% answered Yes, it gives them hope , 26% people answeredYes,itbooststheirenergyand3.3%people answeredthereisnoneedformentalsupport.

Figure-10

2.2).Secondary Survey: Analysis and Discussions:

Using oursecondarysurveywemadesomeanalysisand

discussions:

PERCENTAGE

OF PEOPLE DIE DUE TO LACK OF AVAILABILITY OF BEDS

:-

During this COVID-19 Pandemic situation people are sufferingalotthattheycouldnotfindabedonhospitals andthusleadstodeathofthousandsofpeoplehospitalsin India have been facing an acute shortage of oxygen/ICU bedsandventilatorswhicharedecreasedby46%ofICU beds and 36% of oxygen ever since the second wave of Coronavirus infections hit the country with rampaging ferocity. Now government of orders having a way regardingICUbedavailabilityaccordingtothefinding.It has been noted that for every additional ICU bed per COVID-19case.Therewasanassociatedone-fifthdecrease inrateofdeathduringthismonth.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Figure-11 Figure-12

Manyhospitalsinourcountryhavebeen facingproblems regardinglimitedsupplyofoxygen,availabilityofICUbeds and ventilators due to these limited supply the second waveof corona virus diseases hit the country with more deaths the second wave has been more deadly with over lakh deaths happening. Government showing the data thatinstead of strengthen hospitals in india before second wave,the country saw a rapid fall in medical facilitiesi.efallinhealthinfrastructure.

Inourcountrymanycitiesreportingachronicshortageof ICU beds.And also in many social media platforms like instagram, twitter, facebook,…there are spreading and making viral for getting help. some reports saying that people dying without getting required treatment in time are coming from all over the country Twenty out of 28 districts in chattisgarh, 36 of the 12 districts in Maharashtra,52ofthe13districtsinMadhyaPradeshand 22ofthethe8districtsinPunjabhavinglackofbedsdueto lackofavailabilityofbedsriseinnumberofCovid-19cases takesplace.

Figure-13

SITUATION IN INDIA AT PRESENT

:-

Covid-19 in India: The government is saying that covid situation is stabilizing with daily cases, positive cases are reducingi.e.positivityrateisreducing.TheGovernmentalso tryingtocontroltheactivecases.

ThepercentageofCovid-19positivityrateisaround24.83 percentonMay10anditisreducedfrom24.83percentto 12.45percentonMay22.Among26stateseightstateshave morethanonelakhactivecaseswhileremaining18states havethepositivityrateofabout15percent.Inasingleday 2.57lakhnewactivecaseshavebeenrecordedandthedaily increase in covid cases in India remained below the three lakh-markforthe6th consecutiveday.

When we thought first covid-19 wave is decreasing then suddenlythesecondCovid-19wavecameintopicturewhich hasbeenmoredeadly,withnearly1.5lakhdeathshappening in the last one and half months alone, yet there are indications of an reaching peak, including a immersing weeklycasefatalityrate.

Thepatientsof18Maharashtradistrictsarehavingnomore homeisolation.

Indiareported1.96lakhs(196,427)newcovidactivecases over the last 24 hours on tuesday, it is lowest day to day rise in diseases since 14th April, while deaths caused due to this disease rose by 3,511.The total cases in India now about26lakhs(26,948,874) while total fatalities stands at 3 lakh (3,17,527) given by the health ministry in this morning.

In Tamil Nadu about 34,867 cases reported in one day which is leading the state list . Karnataka reported about 25,311 new cases which is next to Tamil Nadu.FollowedbyMaharashtrareportedwith22,122new activecasesnexttoKarnataka. Kerala reported 17,821

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

new active cases and Andhara pradesh reported 12,994 new active cases. The cases of West Bengal is about17,883. Among 26 states these are the most affected states in India of total cases are Karnataka 25 lakhs(2,550,215), Maharashtra 57lakhs (57,02,119),Andhra Pradesh 15lakhs(15,93,827),Kerala 23lakhs(2,365,787),Uttarpradesh 16 lakhs,TamilNadu 19 lakhs(1,977,218).





Asperthedata,asofJune 19,7am,27,23,88,783 totaldosesofthevaccinehadbeenadministeredin India.Ofthis,22,19,01,281werefirstdoseswhile seconddosestotalled5,04,87,502.

In February 2021, the Minister of Commerce and IndustryofIndiaandtheUKSecretaryofStatefor International Trade had a meeting together to

discussthebilateraltradeandeconomicrelationsof India–UK trade and investment relationship. The ministersalsodiscussedaestablishmentofbilateral healthcorporationbetweenIndiaandUKcountries like vaccines ,which will allow India to grow as global source of strength to overcome COVID-19 imposedchallenges



In February Indian Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modiestablishedthefoundationstonesfor2hightechhospitalsandlaunchedaprogram‘AsomMala’ for state highways and major district roads in Assam. Mr. Narendra Modi also stated that about 12.5millionpeopleinthestatearegettingbenefits fromtheAyushmanBharatScheme

2.3).Empathy Tools

Empathy Mapping

Based on the data we got from the participants through primary and secondary surveys we created an empathy mapabout

Figure-14

Recent developments:

Thesearesomeoftherecentdevelopmentsandinitiatives taken by the Indian Government in trying to develop HealthcareindustryinIndia:



InFebruary2021,Indiahadgivenapprovaltogive 24 million doses of vaccines for COVID-19 to 25 countries,wheremorethan2timesthe10.5million vaccineswereexportedduringthemonthJanuary 2021.SomecountrieslikeBrazil,MoroccoandSouth Africa were sent more than 10 million doses of vaccine

•whattheydo, •whattheyfeel, •whattheythinkand •whattheysay.



During February 2021 the NBCFDC (National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU -is a type of non-binding agreement between two or more parties that describes the intention of parties to work in consensus.)withApolloMedskillsPvtLtd.Thisisto co-fund a COVID vaccine administration program for nurses, medical & nursing students and pharmacists.

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EmpathyMapisamainempathytoolandanimportantpart of human-centric design. It tells us about what actually is goingoninusers’headsisthefocalpointofuserexperience (UX)design.

Anempathymapisneededmajorlyforfollowingreasons:



It is important to understand the user carefully, analyze his thought process, and understand the userneeds.

1.Oneofthemajorproblemsfacedbypatients during pandemic is lack of information about availabilityofmedicalfacilitiesinhospital,they need to have the necessary information becauseduring emergenciestheycangetthe necessaryhealthcareimmediately.

2. For the people who recovered from covid needamediumtodonatetheirplasma because thepeoplewhoareinnecessaryarenotableto findtheplasmadonorsintime.



Toconnectwithuserswhobelongtoourdomain,it isimportanttoempathizeorconnectwithusers.



To bring the other team members on a single understanding of the user, their needs and intentions.

3. Many people in the survey said that they choosen to be home quarantined because of lack of information about the availability of beds.



Toidentifykeypoints

Empathy mapping is actually used to understand user frustration,heartheirvoicesandfeeltheirstruggle.

Insights:

Oncarefullyobservingtheempathymapwediscoveredsome importantinsights:



Donors who are previously affected with diseases like covid are scared about their safety on returning back to the hospital because there are more chances of getting affectedagain.

4.Kidsandoldpeopleare mostvulnerableto health problems because they have less immunity

5. Sometimes people need to wait for longer times to get necessary blood donors during emergencies which may also result in loss of life because they don’t have the information aboutthepeoplewhoarereadytodonatetheir bloodandtheirbloodgroup.

6. Manypeoplesaidthatwhenapersonisnot well then he must also need mental support along with physical support because it gives themhopeandmakesthemfeelbetter.



Many people want to secure a plasma donor for themselves in advance in case of any emergencyandarealsoscaredtodonateit.



Alsoduetolackofknowledgeandmotivation ,most of them are ready to donate but don’t havemuchknowledgeaboutthetherapy.

2.4).DEFINE PHASE

Inthedefinephaseofthedesignthinkingprocess,wedesign challengesandproblemsfromthedatathatwecollectedin theEmpathisephase.Thisallowsustogatherandgenerate ideastoresolvetheissuesfacedinacertaindomain.

DEFINE TOOLS

i) POV:

A Point Of view (POV) aremeaningful and actionable problem statements, which will allowyoutoideateinaresult-orientedmanner .We developedthefollowingPOVstatements fromthedatacollected:

7. Among all the home quarantined people manyofthemarenotabletogetthenecessary medical facilities like medicines, oxygen cylindersbecausetheyarenotabletocontact thepeoplewhoarereadytohelpthem.

ii) HOW MIGHT WE

HowMightWe(HMW)questionshelpstocomeupwith thewiderangesolutionstothechallengesstatementin POVstatements.

1. How might we provide information about availability of medical facilities in hospital during emergencies?

2.Howmightwebeabletoprovidemediumbetween plasma,blooddonorsandrecievers?

3. How might we provide information about availabilityofbedsinhospitalsforhomequarantined patients?

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4. How might we be able to provide information aboutimmunityboostingtechniquestokidsandold people?

5.Howmightweabletoprovidementalsupportto the patients and interact with people who are not wellandareinneedofhelp?

3. Proposed Work

3.1).Ideation phase:

With a strong background understanding of the Empathy and Design phases, team members have to start thinking outsidetheboxandfindpotentialalternativestotheexisting issuestatementandalsostartsearchingfordifferentwaysof dealing with the problem. There are plenty of Ideation methodslikeBrainstorm,theNABCmethod,the2x2matrix method,andmanymore

Brainstorm:

Itisaprocessoffindingvariousrelevantsolutionsforthe particularproblemstatement.Brainstormingcangenerate manywonderfulideas.Bythismethodsomeoftheproposed ideaswereasfollows:-

1).Using google map’s API we can provide information about availability of nearby hospitals and facilities availableinthem.

2).By developing an app or webpage and creating an interface between donors and recievers and by maintaining database of the people who are ready to donatebloodandtheirbloodgroups.

3).Bycontactingthehospitalsandcheckfortheavailability ofbeds.

4).Byprovidingonlinedoctorconsultancieseitherthrough chatorcall.

5).By interacting with people who recovered fromany ill-healthconditions andknowingtheir experiencesand curemethods.

6). Interacting with people and knowing about their healthconditionsandpostingitinaninterfacelikeanapp whereotherpeoplecanhelpthem.

7).Bymaintainingseparateoxygenandbloodbanks.

8).By ensuring everyone to have regular health checkupssowecoulddetectanysymptomsofanydiseaseso then we can get prepared with necessary medical equipments.

value:

9).By forming groups and organisations regarding medicalequipmentsandemployingstaff tomaintainit.

NABC (Need Approach Benefit Competition) method:

TheNABC(NeedApproachBenefitCompetition)method may perfectly help to select the perfect solution of the problem.

Need:-Peoplearoundtheglobearefacingmanyhealthcare challengesandinmanycasesmainlyincrucialtimeslike covid-19,thereasonforthecauseofdeathofapersonis thelackofpropermedicalfacilitiesprovidedontimei.eif any person is fell into an medical emergency and if that personisnotabletogettherequiredmedicalequipmentat thattimebeside,thenwhatabouthislife.

Approach:- Wearegoingtodevelopanmobileapplication which connects between donors and recievers i.e. the peoplewhowanttodonatebloodormedicalequipments liketablets,oxygencylinderscandirectlycontactwiththe people who are in need of it through the app we design.Thisappalsotellsabouttheavailabilityofbedsand medicalequipmentsinnearbyhospitals.

Benefit:- Eventhough the implementation of this idea is quite complex but it helps the people In their medical emergencies.The elder people can also easily operate it without any confusion.Eventhough there is no person beside the emergency patient physically,this application does more or equal tasks same like the physical person .Manylivescanbesavedbythisidea.

Competetion:- Theexistingsolutionsarealsoquiteuseful but the probabilities of the benefits caused by them are less when compared to our solution and the implementationsoftheexistingsolutionsarealsocomplex innature

Mindmap:

Mindmappingisusedtorepresenthowideasorotheritems arelinkedtoacentralideaandtoeachother.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

2x2 matrix:

A2×2matrixmethodshownbelowhelpstounderstandthe complexitylevelsoftheaboveideasforthesolutionofthe problemandtoproceedinabetterway.

Mark BoultonIt is important to define the skeleton or structureofthepage,beforefillingit up with content and other visual elements. Lo-fidelity wireframes sketches helped me in outlining the structure of the interface, its pages and the basic information architecture of the product.

Wireframes:

Figure-17:2x2matrix

Idea chosen:

Finally,afterconstructing2*2matrixwehavecomeupwith an idea to design an application. This app includes a GPS systemtotrackavailabilityofbedsandmedicalequipments in nearby hospitals and also acts as an interface between donors and receivers i.e., the people who want to donate bloodormedicalequipmentsliketablets,oxygencylinders candirectlycontactwiththepeople whoareinneedof it, thiswillbeveryusefulforthepeoplewhoareinemergency and for the people, who have no one to look after them. Maintaining separate oxygen and medical equipments is morecostly.Buildingnewhospitalsandemployingstaffand maintaining organizations is also costly and it also needs highmaintenance.Ensuringconstanthealthmonitoringand regularhealthcheck-upsmaycostlessbutmaintenanceis highbecauseeachandeveryindividualmustbemonitored whichisdifficultbycommonsense.Sobyusinganappthe person who are in need of any medical facility like for example a patient needs blood donor of blood group b positivethenhecanposthisrequirementinthatappandthe personwiththatcorrespondingbloodgroupwhoisreadyto donatebloodcandirectlycontactthepersonwhoneedsit. Therefore,thisapp will be veryuseful forthepeople who requirehealthcareimmediatelyduringanemergency.

3.2).Prototype Phase:

Thebestwaytofindoutifthesolutionisreasonableisby creatingaminimalversionoftheproductandtestingit.So,I sketchedaquicklo-fidpenandpaperwireframesfollowedby asimpleprototypebasedonthepotentialsolution.“Youcan creategoodexperienceswithoutknowingthecontent.What youcan’tdoiscreategoodexperienceswithoutknowingyour contentstructure.”

Figure-18:wireframe

Basedonthelo-fidsketches,Icreatedamockupandabasic workingprototypeusingFigma

4. Analysis and Testing

At First if you have an account then enter your username andpasswordcorrectlyandafterthatclickonloginbutton and if you doesn’t have any account yet then click at the button sign up to create an account which is appearing at bottom. The next step is to create an account which involves entering the details like your personal email id, username and then enter password.so after that click on signupifyouhavealreadyanaccountthenclickonlogin directly. After that the next page contains information which includes the hospitals near by your locality like if you want to see hospitals near by you can click on this button.Ifyouclickonhospitalsnearyoucanseethegoogle mapslocationinthatyoucansearchthehospitalname.so you can aware of hospitals near you. If anyone want to donate blood to some other you can click on this button that contains blood donor as title. After that you have to register for registration you have to fill the name, age, gender,blood group, phone number, address, and ifyou have anyhealth problems you have to fill that problem and finally register .If anybody need blood in emergency you have to go with emergency blood need. After that the you can see the information of available blood donors. If you need any doctor suggestions you have to click on doctor consultancy. After that you can see the available doctorsandnextstepistobookappointmentbyclickingon

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

it.Andthelastthingisfeedbackwhich contains story of some recovered patients ,someimmunitytechniquesand physicalsupport

5. Conclusion

Inourresearchwelookedintothedifferentsituationsthat influencedthecauseofdeathstilldate,andinvestigatedthe causes of deaths. We base our analysis on the results of a systematic review in order to address our research questions.Wealsotookthepublicopinionbyaskingthem few questions The results suggest that lack of medical facilitiesandnoquickmethodtoknowandaccessmedical facilitiesisthemaincauseofdeathsthatoccurredtillnow. The results demonstrate the different situations that influencedthecauseofdeathsandpercentagesofdeaths, andrevealcertaincharacteristicsofsoftwarerequirements that decrease the disadvantage present in health infrastructure.

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BIOGRAPHIES

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page967

Mr. Adithya Singupati ispursuingB.Tech (CSE)fromGayatriVidyaParishadCollege of Engineering(autonomous), Visakhapatnam and presently is in 4th Year. His research interests are Machine learning,DataScienceandDataAnalytics.