IOT Based Low Cost Irrigation Model

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

IOT Based Low Cost Irrigation Model

Kumar1, Pawan Kumar Patnaik2 , Sargam Gupta3

1Mtech. Scholar Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, India.

2Associate Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg India.

3Assistance Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology,Durg, India. ***

Abstract - The purpose of the paper is to provide a low-cost irrigation model for farming fields and make a system to monitor some parameters required for a successful installing a low-cost irrigation system. This system not only solved the cost of the system but also provides necessary data that is required to know about the field area of the farmer. This paper also includes the purposed concept of irrigation systems in which this paper publish how important to be automated irrigation is needed to farmers can achieve their goal and helps to reduce the burden from them.

Key Words: Irrigation,IoT(InternetOfThings),NodeMCU, Sensor,Actuators,Cloud,BlynkEtc.

1. INTRODUCTION

For any living being, water is the second most important material after oxygen. Water supply for plants, Trees, Flowers, andFarming fields iscalledan irrigationsystem. Irrigation needs continuous monitoring of the water level andsoilmoistureofplants.InModerndayscostingofevery itemhasincreasedduetoworldorder,pandemic,recession, disturbed supply chain, chip shortage [1], and these busy schedulespeopledon'thavesufficienttimetomonitorevery single plant in the field, but there are hopes on IoT technologies[2]thatcanreducetheburdenthatgenerated duelackoftimeandmoney.

InIndia,thecountrydependsonfarmingforahugeamount ofGDPcontributionandatleast70%ofpeople[3]depend on farming for their living. The country not only produce foodforitselfbutalsotoexportotherneedycountriesand donation,charitiesinpoorcountriesthroughInternational organizations but remain in this position country have to enhanceproductivitywiththehelpoftechnology.Forhighqualityproductsandtoreducetheburdenfromthefarmer needstohaveagoodirrigationsystem[4]becauseforhigh productivity water supply is the most important thing in farming.

Irrigation needs to start water pump on time if soil moisturereducesthisconcept[5]isusedtomakeasystem usingInternetofThingstechnology.Theprojectaimstomake alow-costirrigationsystemusingIoTtechnologies.

Itisnecessarytomonitortheenvironmentalconditionsin andaroundthefieldandsoilmoisture.TheInternetofThings

(IoT)hasthepotentialtomakethedeviceforirrigationata verylowcostwiththenumberofsensors[6]tocollectdata fromthesoil,weather,lightintensity,raindrop,etc.

Theparametersthathavetobeproperlymonitoredare soil characteristics, weather conditions, moisture, temperature, etc. This can be possible by using IOT technology with sensors and actuators that can sense the field condition and perform the certain task accordingly sensorsareusedtomonitorandcollectinformationaboutthe fieldconditions,andthosedataarecollectedtomakealowcostirrigationsystem.

2. PRELIMINARIES

Fortheimplementationmodel,itneedstofollowsomesteps onebyone.

Step 1

Firstly one breadboard is required to arrange all the equipment into one system. The types of equipment are sensors like Soil moisture sensor, DHT11 sensor, LDR sensor,Watersensor,ActuatorlikeRelaymoduleisneeded to perform the task, microcontroller board NodeMCU and connectingwireswiththeUSBcabletoconnectthesystem tothecomputerandmotorpumpforirrigation.Connection ofallthesensorstothebreadboardaspercircuitdiagram.

Fig2.1

Step 2

Create a connection of sensors, and actuator, on the breadboardtotheNodeMCUwithconnecting wirescalled model. That model is now connected to the computer

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

throughacable.Openthecomputerstartdownloadingand install the Arduino IDE to write a code. On IDE create a sketchfileandwriteacodeaccordingtotheperformancewe want from the model. Before writing a code you have to includelibrariesandselectportandboardforacontroller.

Step 5

Themodelhastoinstallintheareawhereitmaycollectrealtimedatafromtheenvironmentliketemperature,humidity, soilmoisture,andraindropvalue.Andthosedatamaysend totherelaymoduletooperatethemotorpumpifmoistureis less than the predefined value through the NodeMCU microcontroller.Themicrocontrollercontrolsandevaluates thosedataintotheinformationandalsoseenbytheserial monitorifreadingistakenfromthesensors.Theactuator performsthetaskgivenbythemicrocontroller.

3. ALGORITHM FOR SENSING ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

Fig2.2

Step 3

IntheIDEtherehasaworkingareawherewecanwritea codehastwopartsoneisvoidsetupwehavetoexplainthe setups like sensors, and actuators with NodeMCU's pin addressandtheotheristhevoidloopwherewewriteacode ifwewanttorunthatcodenumberoftimesanddon'twant to write again and again this part saves the code length. Fromwritingacodefirstlywehavetoincludesomeheader filesthenwritecodeinthevoidsetuppartaftersetupapart ofthecodewritetothevoidloopandsavethecode.After savingchecktheconnectionoftheUSBtothecomputerand also check the software tool section if the right board is selected or not then verify and compile the code. After a successfulcompileofcodeuploadthatcodeandcheckthe NodeMCU,itstartsblinkingwhichmeansthecodeissentto themodelthroughNodeMCU.Thenopentheserialmonitor it starts receiving data and showing in the serial monitor itself.

Step 4

Inthismodel,wehaveused BlynkCloudtomonitorthedata thatwearegettingfromthesensors.BlynkisusedforIoT purposestovisualizethedatasystematicallywiththeirtools. But before we need to include some libraries for blynk BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h andalsoneedTemplateID,Device name, Auth Token, SSID, and Password to connect wifi moduleofNodeMCU.AuthToken,TemplateID,andDevice namearegiventotheBlynkwebaftercreatinganewDevice. Itneedstocreatemetadata fordatatovisualize.TheSSID andPasswordmentionedonthecodeshouldbethesameas the device's SSID and Password which have been used to visualizethedatathatcamefromsensors.

ForwritingacodesystemhastoinstallArduinoIDE.Inthis IDEfirstopenfileselectpreferencesthenputtheURLinto theAdditionalboardmanagerandclickOK.SelectPortand BoardfromTools.Includeandmanagelibrariesfromsketch.

In code, you have to include the libraries for sensors, and software that you used in a particular project we need DHT11,Blynk,andESP8266modulelibrariestoinclude.

Fig3.1

WearealsousingBlynkcloudtovisualizethedatafroma sensor to consumers' mobile and desktop so we have to define the Template ID, Device name, and Auth token to connectwithBlynkcloud.

Fig3.2

As consumers, SSID and Password mention SSID and Password.

Fig3.3

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Invoidsetupcodeforbeginallthesensors,software,wifi, and serial monitor and also for PinMode used for sensors andactuators.

thewaterpump.ThisprojectalsohasDHT11forHumidity and Temperature, a Water sensor for Rainwater drop sensing,anLDRsensorforsunlightintensitysensing,Anda relaymoduletoON/OFFthewaterpump.

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

ThesensordataareobservedbySerialMonitorandBlynkas given in fig 4.1 motor pump starts if the moisture level decreasesanditdetectsthevalueofTemperature,Humidity, Moisture, water drop, and Light Intensity with the cost of 945₹only.Itisaffordabletothepoorformers.

Table4.1:Costestimation

Sr. No. Devices Cost 1. NodeMCU 295₹ 2. RelayModule 120₹ 3. DHT11 90₹ 4. SoilMoisture 85₹

RaindropSensor 80₹

Fig3.4

In void loop sensors sense the environment condition continuouslyinaloop.

LDR 10₹

LED 5₹

WaterPump 110₹

Fig3.5

Finallyinvoidsendsensorcodesforasensortoreaddata andactuatorperformswhenconditionmeets,printinserial monitoralsoprintintoBlynkcloud.

Fig3.6

Inthisprojectsoilmoisturesensesthevalueofmoisture.If moistureleveldropsbelowthepredefinesvaluethenittrips therelaymodulewhichisconnectedtothewaterpumpthen the water pump starts. The flow of water penetrates and consume by the soil then moisture level increases and is measured by the soil moisture. If the moisture value decreasesthepredefinedvaluethenittripstherelaytostop

Below fig 4.1 and fig 4.2 are from the serial monitor has shown the result from sensors connected to the microcontroller,sensorsnamedDHT11showHumidityand Temperature value, soil moisture sensor show moisture value, LDR sensor shows Light intensity value, and water sensorshowsraindropvalue.Hereonlythesoilmoisture sensor is connected to the analog pin because only one analogpinisavailableintheNodeMCUmicrocontroller,soit shows in an analog manner. Other sensors like LDR and watersensorareconnectedtothedigitalwhichhaveonly two output that is low and high (0 and 1023). Only the DHT11 sensor has a capability that shows values in an analog manner even if it is connected to a digital pin, it shows two different parameter values which are temperatureandhumidity.

Heretemperatureandhumidityvaluesarecomingfromthe environmentdirectly.Thesoilmoisturesensorisinserted intothesoilwhichmeasuresthepermittivityofmaterialthat

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page774

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

isaccountableforthemoisturelevelofthesoil.Soilmoisture sensor senses moisture of soil and it operates the water pump as ON if the moisture level is below the predefined value and as of it moisture level is above the predefined value. LDR sensor measures the light intensity for plants. Andawatersensormeasurestheraindroplikerainingor goodweather.

Belowfig4.3showstheuserinterfacefromtheBlynkcloud. HerestatusforthewaterpumplikethemotorisONorOFF which are from the DHT11 sensor, just below it shows temperatureandhumidityvalues.Andaftermoisturewhich isfromthesoilmoisturesensorandLEDvalueswhichare fromtheLDRsensorwhichmeansitmeasureslightintensity morethanthepredefinedvalue.Atlast,itshowsthegood weatherfromthewatersensorwhichmeasuresrainwater dropvalueifitisrainingornot.

Fig.4.1 Fig.4.2

Fig4.3

5. CONCLUSION

Our main objective is to reduce the cost of the model for irrigation.Thistypeofmodelcostsaround2000-5000INR this is very costly for middle-class people. This would be unaffordableforpoorfarmerswhowantedtechnologyinan irrigationsystem.Itisalow-costmodelwithjust945₹INR. Burdonofworkonfarmers,gardeners,andusershaveinthe fieldaretomonitoralltheareaandirrigatethealltheplants those problems are eliminated by this model. This model provides facilities like sensing parameters value and operates the water pump as needed. This is an automatic systemthatoperatesasONwhenthesensedvaluecrossesa predefinedvalue.Itmeasuresallrequirementsrelatedtothe fieldasatmosphericcondition,moisture,temperature,and lightintensitywhichcouldhelpsetupanirrigationmodelit meansthefarmersoruserwhohasthisdevicecanmeasure all the above values about their plants and around the farming fields area. IoT has the potential to do itself and increasedthegrowthofproductivity.Technologiesusedin irrigation can enhance productivity by giving information about water needed and starting automatic supply ON according to what data machine collected throughout the monitoring process and it provides data for the water

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

requirementoftheparticularplant.Itsavestimeforusersit reduceshumaninvolvementinirrigation.Itdoesn'tneedany technicianoroperatortooperatethisdeviceitovercomes theproblemofhumanresourcerequirements.Itchangesthe way of irrigation. It increases the quality and quantity of production.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

WewouldliketoacknowledgetheBITDurganddepartment ofcomputersciencewhomakeitpossible.Wewouldliketo thankourteachers,professors,seniors,juniors,colleagues andourparentsthataremademotivatedus.Wewouldlike to thank Google scholar for used to searching related journalsandarticles.Weacknowledgeeachandeverysingle person who comes across us and being helped with us. SpecialthankstoBlynkCloud.

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