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A Study of IGBC and GRIHA Rating Systems for Individual Residential Unit Ar. Smita Mane1, Dr. Madhav Kumthekar2 1P.G. Student, S.P.S.M.B.H’S College of Architecture, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

2Professor and Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Karad,

Maharashtra, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract - With the construction sector experiencing an

advent in growth, it is inevitable that this will have a negative impact on the environment. Green rating systems for buildings are technical instruments used to assess the environmental impact of buildings and construction projects. These practises are intended to assist project managers in developing more sustainable projects by providing frameworks with precise criteria for assessing the various aspects of a building's environmental impact. Given India's growing interest in sustainable development, a plethora of rating systems for evaluating the environmental impact of buildings have been established in recent years, each with its own set of unique characteristics and application areas. The current work is motivated by an interest in examining these rating systems and deriving the primary implications for single family residential buildings. Additionally, it makes an attempt to summarise in a comprehensible manner the vast and fragmented assortment of information available today. Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) and The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) are the two main rating systems studied in this study. A significant similarity between these programmes is the use of a credit-based system that allows for some flexibility in terms of which credits or measures building developers pursue, as well as mandatory requirements for certification. As this analysis demonstrates, there are numerous assessment criteria that have the same meaning but are denoted differently in various rating systems. Additionally, the IGBC developed a rating system specifically for single-family residential buildings. Key Words: Green rating system, environmental impact, sustainable development, single family residential buildings, GRIHA, IGBC.

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Fig -1: Market capitalization of real estate in India (in billions of dollars) The real estate sector's primary drivers are regulatory reforms, sustained demand generated by rapid urbanisation, rising household income, and an increase in the number of nuclear families. Currently, 377 million people live in 7,935 towns and cities throughout the country (up from 5,161 in 2001), accounting for approximately 31.2 percent of the total population. By 2039, urban population is expected to equal rural population (Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, 2011). This urban population growth trend will increase the demand for buildings, particularly housing as shown in figure2, in all types of towns. 1982

2000

The construction industry is one of the most well-known consumers of energy on a global scale. According to the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, the construction industry consumes 40% of total energy. Apart from energy consumption, buildings generate Green House Gas (GHG) emissions through construction materials, demolition waste, municipal solid waste, and also raise the heat island effect, which all contribute to global warming. According to the researchers, global carbon emissions from |

According to Make In India's survey, India will be the world's third largest construction market by 2030, with a 15% contribution to GDP. India's real estate market is expected to reach USD 180 billion in value by 2020 and USD 1 trillion by 2030 as shown in figure1.

2500

1. INTRODUCTION

buildings will reach 42.4 billion tones in 2035, up 43 percent from 2007 levels.

1457

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717

647

351

0 LIG

MIG

HIG

Fig -2: Housing Demand-Supply Ratio in the Top 8 Cities ('000 units) 2016–2020 (Source: The India Brand Equity Foundation) ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

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Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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Due to limited land resources and high construction cost in megacities, high density residential housing type is preferred. However, there is a demand for low density residential development in urban sprawl areas and small cities. Though the land area required for this type of development is small, it is substantial in number across India. Conventional homes has a significant impact on people's health and well-being, and also on the environment. They consume resources, generate various types of waste, and emit greenhouse gases over the course of their 75-year or longer life. With India's real estate boom in recent years, the demand for green home is increasing in order to provide a better future for future generations. Green homes are important because the world is rapidly depleting its natural resources, making it impossible to continue living as we have in the past. There must be sufficient resources now and in the future for everyone. While a green home may appear to be a costly strategy at first, the long-term benefits are substantial. Three major programmes have been developed in India to promote a more sustainable development pattern: LEEDIndia, GRIHA, and IGBC. These programmes aim to improve the efficiency of built forms through improved planning, design, and selection of appropriate materials and technologies. Additionally, these programmes will aid in the efficient use of India's limited resources and enhance occupants' overall quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the GRIHA and IGBC rating systems with a focus on individual residential units.

2 GREEN RATING FOR INTEGRATED HABITAT

processes, monitoring and recording of energy consumption, and occupant health and well-being, and also issues that affect the global and local environment are considered. Except for factory buildings, SVAGRIHA is a guidance-cumrating system being established for small stand-alone buildings such as homes, commercial offices, motels, dispensaries, and colleges, and/or a group of buildings with a combined built-up area of 2500 sq.m. or less. There are 14 criteria in the rating system. Energy, water and waste, materials, landscape, and others are the five general subgroups of the criteria. Certain points in each sub-group would be required to be attempted. A project can earn up to 50 points in total. On a scale of one to five stars, the rating will be given. The parameters and their weighting are shown in table 1. Table -1: Criteria and points for SVAGRIHA Criterion number

Criterion name

Points

Reduce exposed, hard paved surface on site and maintain native vegetation cover on site

Passive architectural design and systems

Good fenestration design for reducing direct heat gain and glare while maximising daylight penetration

Efficient artificial lighting system

Thermal efficiency of building envelope

Use of energy efficient appliances

Use of renewable energy on site

Reduction in building and landscape water demand

Rainwater harvesting

Generate resource from waste

Reduce embodied energy of building

Use of low-energy materials in interiors

Adoption of green lifestyle

ASSESSMENT (GRIHA) GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) was established by TERI and adopted by the Government of India as the national rating system for green buildings in 2007. The framework was created to assist in the 'design and assessment' of new construction projects. A building is evaluated based on its expected performance over its entire life cycle, from conception to service. The following stages of the life cycle have been established for assessment: Pre-construction stage: In this stage, intra-and inter-site issues like proximity to public transport, type of soil, kind of land, where the property is located, the flora and fauna on the land before construction activity starts, the natural landscape and land features are evaluated. Building planning and construction stages: In this stage, issues of resource conservation and reduction in resource demand, resource utilisation efficiency, resource recovery and reuse, and provisions for occupant health and well-being are evaluated. The prime resources that are considered in this section are land, water, energy, air, and green cover. Building operation and maintenance stage: In this stage, issues of operation and maintenance of building systems and © 2021, IRJET

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Sub Groups

Landscape

Energy

Water and Waste

Materials

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Lifestyle

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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types of rating systems in the residential sector: one for individual residential units and another for multi-dwelling residential units. It is based on well-established energy and Total 50 environmental values and strikes a balance between wellestablished traditions and innovative ideas. The ‘IGBC Green Home Rating System version 2' assesses some mandatory The percentile weightage of sub-group is shown in figure 3 criteria and credit points for individual residential units using a prescriptive approach and others using a performanceLandscape based approach. The IGBC Green Homes® rating system version 2 looks at green features in the following categories: 14

Innovation

-Site Selection and Planning

12%

Energy

-Water Conservation

16%

-Energy Efficiency

Water and & Resources -Materials Waste -Indoor Environmental Quality 22%

-Innovation & Design Process Materials

42%

Fig -3: Percentile weightage of sub-group for SVGRIHA

The parameters and their weighting for IGBC rated green home are shown in table 3. However, there are certain nonnegotiable criteria that must be met by any Green Home. Lifestyle Table -3: Criteria and points for IGBC Green Home

The rating of a project according to points achieved is shown in table no. 2 Sr. No.

Table -2: Certification levels for SVGRIHA Points achieved

SVAGRIHA Rating

Points

Submittal stage

Sub group

Site Selection and Planning

25-30

SSP (M)

31-35

36-40

SSP (M)

Local Building Regulations

Required

Construction Submittal

Soil Erosion Control

Required

Construction Submittal

Basic Household Amenities

Design

41-45

SSP (C )

45-50

3. INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL (IGBC) When the CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre building in Hyderabad was given the first and most prestigious Platinum green building ranking in India, the green building movement in India was sparked. Since then, India's Green Building movement has gathered considerable momentum. In 2001, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) created the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). "To enable a sustainable built environment for all" and encourage India to become one of the global leaders in the sustainable built environment by 2025, the council's vision states. The IGBC Green Homes Rating System, developed by the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), is the first rating system built specifically for the residential sector in India. There are two © 2021, IRJET

Criterion

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Submittal

SSP (C ) 2

Natural Topography or Vegetation

SSP (C ) 4

Heat Island Effect, Roof

SSP (C ) 7

Design for Differently Abled

SSP (C ) 8

Basic Facilities for Construction Workforce

Design Submittal Design Submittal Design Submittal

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Construction Submittal

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Site Selection and Planning

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Water Efficiency WE (M)

Materials & Resources

Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Nonroof

Required

Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures

Required

WE (C ) 1

Landscape Design

WE (C ) 2

Management of Irrigation Systems

WE (C )

Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Nonroof

Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures

1 WE (M) 2

3 WE (C ) 4

Construction Submittal

MR (M)

Required

MR (C ) 1

Organic Waste Management, Post Occupancy

Construction Submittal

MR (C ) 2

Handling of Construction Waste Materials

Construction Submittal

MR (C ) 3

Reuse of Salvaged Materials

Construction Submittal

MR (C ) 4

Materials with Recycled Content

Construction Submittal

MR (C ) 5

Local Materials

Construction Submittal

MR (C ) 6

Rapidly Renewable Building Materials & Certified

Construction Submittal

1 Design Submittal

Design Submittal

Water Efficiency

Design Submittal Construction Submittal

Design Submittal

Energy Efficiency EE (M)

Separation of House-hold Waste

CFC-free Equipment

Required

Minimum Energy Performance

Required

Enhanced Energy Performance

On-site Renewable Energy

Design Submittal

1 EE (M) 2 EE (C ) 1 EE (C ) 2 EE (C ) 3 EE (C ) 4

Solar Water Heating System

Materials & Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality IEQ (M)

Design Submittal

Energy Saving Measures in Other Appliances &Equipment

Submittal

Wood

Design

Tobacco Smoke Control

Required

Minimum Daylighting

Required

Fresh Air Ventilation

Required

IEQ (C ) 1

Enhanced Daylighting

IEQ (C )

Enhanced Fresh Air Ventilation

1 Energy Efficiency

IEQ (M)

Submittal Design Submittal

Design

IEQ (M)

Submittal

Design Submittal

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Design

Design Submittal Design Submittal

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Design Submittal

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Indoor Environme ntal Quality

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Submittal

Recycled Content : >30%

Construction Submittal

Local Materials : >75%

IEQ (C ) 3

Exhaust Systems

Design

IEQ (C ) 4

Low VOC Materials, Paints & Adhesives

IEQ (C ) 5

Building Flush-out

Construction Submittal

IEQ (C ) 6

Cross Ventilation

Design

Rapidly Renewable Building Materials & Certified Wood : > 95%

Submittal

Cross Ventilation : >95%

Innovation & Design Process ID (C ) 1

Innovation & Design Process Natural Topography or Vegetation : >35%

Design

Submittal/ Construction Submittal

(C ) 2

Total

Design Submittal -

*(C ) - Credit

The percentile weightage of sub-group for IGBC Green Home is shown in figure 4

Landscape Design: No turf, Drought resistant plant > 60%

Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures: water use less than 45%

*(M) – Mandatory Requirement

Heat Island Effect, Roof : > 95%

Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Nonroof: >95%

IGBC Accredited Professional

Site selection a planning

6.67% Innovation & Design Process

Water Efficien

12%

Energy Efficien

20% 14.67% 17.33%

LPD <40% from baseline value,

29.33%

Indoor Environmenta Quality

On-site Renewable Energy: >20%

Fig -4: Percentile weightage of sub-group for IGBC Green Home Innovation &

Reuse of Salvaged Materials : >7.5%

Design Process

Green building certification levels are determined by the total number of credits received as shown in table no. 4

Materials with

Materials & Resources

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Table -4: Certification levels for IGBC Green Home Rating

Points for Individual

Recognition

[4]

Residential Unit Certified

38 – 44

Best practices

Silver

45 – 51

Outstanding Performance

[5]

Gold

52 – 59

National Excellence

[6]

Platinum

60 - 75

Global Leadership [7] [8]

4. CONCLUSIONS

Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), Mar Apr. 2015, pp. 01-09. e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320334X, Volume 12, Issue 2 Ver. II. Ezanee M. Eliasa, Chong KhaiLinb, “The empirical study of green buildings (residential) implementation: perspective of house developers" Procedia Environmental Sciences 28, 2015, pp. 708 – 716, doi 10 1016/j.proenv.2015.07.083. Center for Science and Environment(CSE) Green Building “Green-Building Rating: Overrated”, 2012 , 1 – 16 Hemant Kumar and VaishaliSahu, “Performance And Rating Of Residential Green Building” Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal(CiVEJ) Vol.2,No.2. June 2015 pp.47 – 53 IGBC Green Homes Rating System Manual, Version 2. SVGRIHA Manual Version, 2.2

The introduction of a green rating procedure to evaluate buildings is becoming more relevant to the need for sustainable development in the construction industry. A green home is a structure that is environmentally sustainable because it implements certain principles during the design, development, and operation phases that enable it to derive maximum benefit from the environment while causing the least amount of damage. When designing a green house, several considerations must be taken into consideration. The use of a credit-based framework with some flexibility on what credits or steps building developers choose to follow, as well as mandatory criteria that must be met for certification, is a key similarity between SVGRIHA and IGBC Green Home rating systems. As can be seen from this study, there are various evaluation requirements that have the same significance but are denoted by different terminology in each case. As previously mentioned, the SVGHRIHA rating system is not only applicable to individual residential units it also applicable for small hotels, offices, hospitals, schools. Individual residential units are assessed using a special framework established by the IGBC. As suggested by the IGBC, a specific feature in terms of mandatory enforcement and motivating aspect for creativity will encourage more green home building.

REFERENCES Albert Ping Chuen Chan, Amos Darko, Ernest Effah Ameyaw, “Strategies for promoting green building technologies adoption in the construction industry-An International study”, Sustainability Journal 9(6), 969, June 2017, pp. 01-18 doi 10 3390/su9060969. [2] Gayatri Vyas and Kumar Neeraj Jha, “Comparative Study of Rating Systems for Green Building in Developing and Developed Countries” Conference: Third International Conference on Construction in Developing Countries (ICCIDC–III) “Advancing Civil, Architectural and Construction Engineering & Management” July 2102. [3] Devarshi Tathagat, Dr.Ramesh D. Dod, “Role of Green Buildings in Sustainable Construction- Need, Challenges and Scope in the Indian Scenario”, IOSR Journal of [1]

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