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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

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Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020

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Effect of Percent Replacement of Substitute Material in Mixed Concrete Fulari Jaydeep J.1 and Kshirsagar Swati B.2 1M.E. Civil Construction Management, RMD Sinhgad School of Engineering, Pune-411058, India. 2Asst. Professor, RMD Sinhgad School of Engineering, Pune-411058, India.

------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract: Sustainable materials like GGBS and Pond Ash are the by products from steel industry and thermal power plants, those can be available in very cheap cost as compare to cement and natural sand. The use of pond ash in concrete as replacement to natural sand, reduce the load on environment.

replace cement with other materials to save money either by maintaining the properties using waste materials or by enhancing the properties using selected materials. This paper is an attempt, to study various engineering properties of a concrete made with cement which is replaced by ground granulated blast furnace slag. To maintain the engineering properties, replacement of natural sand with pond ash which is manufactured and is easily available by thermal power plants, has been used in various proportions. The experimental investigation includes basic tests for cement, and conventional tests for concrete such as compressive strength have been taken up.

The compressive strength of GGBS concrete increases as the GGBS content is increased up to the % which the compressive strength decreases. There is an optimum level for the efficient use of GGBS content, which yields the highest strength. The favorable results are obtained with 40% to 50% replacement of GGBS to cement. 20% of pond ash as natural sand replacement is found to be the OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT WORK: optimum. By keeping the 40% of GGBS constant in concrete  To replace the cementitious material and fine and replacement of sand with Pond Ash up to 20% gives aggregate (i.e. river sand) with sustainable the desire strength of concrete. It has been observed that material. use of GGBS in concrete up to 40% to 50% replacement to  To find perfect combination of GGBS and Pond Ash cement reduce the cost of concrete up to Rs. 450/- to 50/ To find optimum percent replacement by GGBS. per m3. Concrete is a major component of construction and  To reduce the percent of cementitious material and if cost of concrete is reduced it will automatically reduce use sustainable material on that replacement of the cost of construction project. percentage.To optimize the cost. Key words: Pond Ash, Compression Strength, GGBS METHODOLOGY: In this present study partial replacement of cement and INTRODUCTION sand has done by using GGBS and Pond Ash. The grade of Energy generation is increasing day by day due concrete is M40. In this cube and beam specimens are casted to rapid industrialization. Energy generation through and cured for 3 days, 7 days and 28 days. thermal power plants is very typical now days. Pond ash (PA) is available in large quantities from these thermal A. Test Procedure plants. Pond ash utilization helps to reduce the 1) Compressive Strength Test consumption of natural resources. Today natural sand is The cubes were taken after a curing period of 3 days, 7 being used and it is costly so it is require to be replacing days and 28 days from water tank, surface dried and by Pond Ash. Use of alternative material in concrete such tested using a compression testing machine. These cubes as industrial by - product coal Ash (Fly Ash and Pond were loaded on their sides during compression testing Ash) is an important eco efficiency drive. It is also the machine and the exerted perpendicularly to the direction social responsibility of researchers to encourage the “beneficial use of industrial by- products in order to of casting. The compression strength of concrete with preserve resources, conserve energy and reduce or partial replacement of cement and sand with GGBS and eliminate the need for disposal of industrial waste in Pond Ash. landfills. And to get some of the important engineering Cement used = OPC 53 Grade properties like increase in compressive strength with low capillarity and water absorption, Pond Ash are being Sp. Gravity Of Cement =3.15 preferably used in various percentages and the perfect Sp. Gravity Of Coarse Agg.=2.69 strength combination of GGBS replacement and pond ash percentage is found out. Sp. Gravity Of Fine Agg. =2.73 PROBLEM STATEMENT: In almost every construction activity, concrete is widely used. As cement is getting costlier and demand for cement is growing day by day, investigators have been trying to

Water Absorption in Coarse Agg. =0.4%

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Water Absorption in fine Agg.

= 0.3%

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B. Test Data for Materials Test results of Concrete Cubes specimens for M40 Grade Material and Its Dry wt. Cement = 435kg/m3

Fine Agg. = 676 kg/m3 Coarse Agg.= 1201 kg/m3 e)

Fine Aggregate

= 2.736

Coarse aggregate

= 0.4%

Fine aggregate

= 0.3%

Free surface moisture:

Water – Cement Ratio = 0.38 C. Cost Analysis: 1) OPC cement cost – Rs. 4600/- per Tonne Rs. 230/- per 50 kg 2) GGBS cost – Rs. 2800/- per Tonne Rs. 140/- per 50kg

= 2.69

Water absorption:

Water = 165 kg/m3

Chemical Admixture = 4.35 kg/m3

Coarse Aggregate

Coarse aggregate

= Nil

Fine aggregate

= Nil

Mix Design Procedure Step-l: Target Strength for mix Proportioning f’ck = fck + 1.65 s

EXPERIMENTATION

where

Experimental Program and Concrete Mix Design:

f’ck =target average compressive strength at 28 day,s

Concrete Mix Design for M40 Grade:-

fck =Characteristic compressive strength at 28 day,s

(a)Grade designation: M40

s = standard deviation. standard deviation, s = 5 N/mm2,

(b) Type of cement: OPC 53 grade

Therefore, target strength = 40+ 1.65 x 5, = 48.25 N/mm2.

Step-2: Selection of w/c ratio

(d) Minimum cement content: 300 kg/ m3 (e) Maximum water-cement ratio: 0.40

Maximum w/c ratio = 0.40, Based on experience, w/c ratio as 0.38

(f) Workability: 75 mm slump

Adopt smaller of the two values,

(g) Exposure condition: Moderate (For RCC)

w/c = 0.38,

(h) Degree of supervision: Good

Step-3: Selection of water content

(i) Type of aggregate: Crushed angular aggregate

Maximum water content for

(j)Maximum cement content: 450 kg/m3

Size of agg. 20 mm = 186 lite (For 25 to 50 mm slump range)

5.1.1.2 Test Data for Materials

Estimated water content for 100 mm slump = 186 + (3/100) x

Cement used Specific gravity of cement

Specific gravity of:

= 191.58 liter say 192 liters

= 3.15

Step-4: Calculation of cement content Water-cement ratio Water used

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0.38<0.40, hence O.K.

186

= OPC 53 grade conforming to IS 8112

adopt

= 0.38 = 165 litre

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= 165/0.38

coarse aggregate x 1000

= 434.21 kg/m3 say 435 kg/m3

= 0.6934 x 0.644 x 2.69 x 1000

As per IS: 456-2000. Table-5. Minimum cement content for moderate exposure condition = 300kg/m3.

= 1201 kg

g) Mass of fine aggregate = e x volume of fine aggregate x specific gravity of fine aggregate x 1000

420 kg/m3 > 300 kg/m3, hence, O.K. Step-5: Coarse aggregate and Fine aggregate content

=0.6934 x 0.356 x 2.736 x 1000

volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20 mm maximum size Aggregate and fine aggregate grading (ZoneI) for water cement ratio 0.50 = 0.62.

Step-7 : Mix Proportions for Trial No. l : Cement = 435 kg/m3

corrected proportion of volume of coarse aggregate for water-cement ratio of 0.38 = 0.644.

Wate = 165 litre, Fine aggregate = 676 kg/m3,

volume of coarse aggregate = 0.644

Coarse aggregate = 1201 kg/m3

Volume of fine aggregate content = 1-0.644 = 0.356

w/c ratio = 165/435 = 0.38

Step-6: Calculation of Mix Proportions The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be follows: a)

Volume of concrete

=676 kg

We may use 50% 0f 10 mm sizeand 50% of 20 mm size of aggregate. Quantity of 10 mm size aggregate =50% of total coarse aggregate= 600.5kg /m3

= 1 m3

Quantity of20mmsizeaggregate =50% of total coarse aggregate = 600.5 kg/m3 b)

Volume of cement=(mass of cement / specific gravity of cement )x (1/1000) = (435/3.15) x (1/1000)

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

6.3 Compressive strength

= 0.138 m3

Table No. 6.16 compressive strength on % replacement of GGBS(MPa)

c) Volume of water = (mass of water / specific gravity of water) x (1/1000) = (165/1) x (1/100)

Curing

= 0.165 m3

days

d)Volume of chemical admixture (Superplasticizer)(@ 1.0 percent mass of cement) = (mass of chemical admixture / specific gravity of chemical admixture) x (1/1000 ) =(4.35/1.20) x (1/1000)

Compressive Strength CC

20%

30%

40%

50%

GGBS

3 Days

18.28

10.92

17.74

17.59

12.36

7 Days

36.07

34.07

33.84

35.85

23.48

48.63

35.96

38.92

42.61

30.89

28 Days

= 0.0036 m3

e)volume of all in aggregates = [a-(b+c+d)] = [1-(0.138+0.165+0.0036)]

= 0.6934 m3

f)Mass of coarse aggregate = e x volume of coarse aggregate x specific gravity of

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Compressive strength of concrete with partial replacement of cement and sand with GGBS and Pond ash is shown in the above graph. As seen in Graph the compressive strength (3 days, 7 days and 28 days) of cubes decreases with different percentage of GGBS and Pond Ash. It is also observed that at 40% of GGBS and 20% of pond ash replacement acceptable because it gives strength above 40 N/mm2 for grade of M40 even though this is less as compare to control concrete. For a particular percentage replacement early age (3, 7 and 28 days) compressive strength is relatively lower but it rises as age increases.

Compressive Strength in MPa

60 50 40 30

3Days

7Days

28Days

0 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% Percent replacement of Cement by GGBS Graph .Compressive strength on % replacement of GGBS The compressive strength of concrete with partial replacement of cement with GGBS. The compressive strength (3 days, 7 days and 28 days) of cubes decreases with different percentage of GGBS. It is also observed that at 40% of GGBS replacement acceptable because it gives strength above 40 N/mm2 for grade of M40 even though this is less as compare to control concrete. Experimental results shows that, as percentage of GGBS increases in concrete alters compressive strength of concrete. Partial replacement of 40% of cement by GGBS gives maximum compressive strength beyond that percentage of GGBS there is reduction in strength of concrete at all curing ages. Compressive strength on % replacement of GGBS and Pond Ash (MPa) Compressive Strength 40%

40%

GGBS+10%

GGBS+20%

REFERENCES:

Curing

Control

days

Concrete

3 Days

18.28

14.89

16.32

15.57

7 Days

36.07

33.25

35.02

31.59

48.63

35.06

43.55

37.29

Compressive strength in MPa

Days

60 40 20 0

CONCLUSIONS: 1. The normal consistency increases with replacement of cement by pozzolanic material such as GGBFS. 2. Satisfactory results are obtained with 40% to 50% replacement of GGBS to cement. 3. By keeping the 40% of GGBS constant in concrete and replacement of Pond Ash with 20% gives a satisfactory results. 4. In case of normal concrete, part replacement of cement by GGBFS decreases the compressive strength. However, satisfactory results are not obtained with 20% to 30% replacement. 5. The use of sustainable material like GGBS as replacement for cement in concrete is more effective as environmental point of view. 6. It has been observed that use of GGBS in concrete up to 40% to 50% replacement to cement reduce the cost of concrete. Concrete is a major component of construction and if cost of concrete is reduced it will automatically reduce the cost of construction project.

40% GGBS+30%PA

[1] Oner, S. Akyuz: An experimental study on optimum usage of GGBS for the compressive strength of concrete Cement & Concrete Composites 29 (2007) 505–514 [2] An Cheng, Ran Huang, Jiann-Kuo Wu, Cheng- Hsin Chen: Influence of GGBS on durability and corrosion behavior of reinforced concrete Materials Chemistry and Physics 93 (2005) 404–411

3 Days 7 Days 28 Days

percent replacement of GGBS and Pond Ash Graph . Compressive strength on % replacement of

[3] Aparna K.A, Dr. V. Ramesh [5]: Comparative Study of Fly Ash and Pond Ash on Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (345-348), Month: April 2015 September 2015 [4] Arumugam K, Ilangovan R, James Manohar D: A study on characterization and use of Pond Ash as fine aggregate in Concrete International journal of civil and structural engineering volume 2, no 2, 2011

GGBS and Pond Ash

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[5] Gaurav Kantilal Patel, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda: Assessment Of Natural Sand And Pond Ash In Indian Context International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013 [6] K. M. Bagwan, Dr. S. S. Kulkarni: A Study of Characteristic and Use of Pond Ash for Construction International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering [7] Prasenjit Ghosh and Sudha Goel: Physical and Chemical Characterization of Pond Ash International Journal of Environmental Research and Development. ISSN 2249- 3131 Volume 4, Number 2 (2014), pp. 129-134

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