INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IRJET)
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Smart Diaper Moisture Detection System using IoT Arpitha M1, Rolvia Dsouza2, Shreya K3, Ranganatha K4 1Information Science and Engineering, Canara Engineering College, Karnataka, India 2Information Science and Engineering, Canara Engineering College, Karnataka, India 3Information Science and Engineering, Canara Engineering College, Karnataka, India 5 Associate profesor, Department of Information Science and Engineering, Canara Engineering College,
Karnataka, India -------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract— This project is focused on Smart diaper moisture detection system using IOT. Smart described is a paperbased disposable moisture-activated Bluetooth communication device that could be incorporated into the traditional cellulose-based diaper.The Bluetooth connection device with sensor unit is optimized for low-cost manufacturing, utilizes screen-printing with electrically conductive ink on paper-based substrates and inherits very low EM radiation. A discussion on the manufacturability and cost efficiency of the system is presented. A prototype system is shown and other possible application areas of the system are mentioned. The proposed system contains Bluetooth connection device in diaper, when the kids wears the diaper it detects if moisture is present or not. If the moisture is present then it will send the signal to authorized person. There are a number of ways to detect and measure moisture where some examples can be seen, even though most methods require active electronics .When the diaper gets seriously wet, the moisture sensor becomes an energy source that feeds an oscillator circuit emitting a week connection through Bluetooth. The power of the transmitted Bluetooth connection is far below the levels when it could be thought to cause any harm to human. Keywords— Moisture detection, Bluetooth, arduino nano, sensor, IOT
1. INTRODUCTION In the modern hygiene, healthcare and care of the baby is important. There is a need and a desire to have a diaper that somehow alerts the caretaker to change the diaper of the baby. There should be a diaper of improved quality. Such diaper will make the life of caretakers less stressful and easier. The alert system in diaper will help them to handle everything without any difficulties. These diapers cost the minimum. There are number of ways to detect the moisture of the diaper. It is very cheap and it detects without any delay. The diapers are easily disposable. When the diaper gets seriously wet, the moisture sensor becomes an energy source that alerts through the Bluetooth devices. The device can detect the weak signals and also the strong devices. It does not create any harm to human. The weak signals is however still good enough to be detected by a nearby Bluetooth device. It could be either through audio buzz, flashing light emitting diode or be coupled to the call © 2020, IRJET
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the caretaker or any other alert line of a standard ward system.It is always difficult to check the diaper manually. It will consume a lot of time, especially at night it is difficult for the caretaker to wake up and change the diaper. These diapers are easy to install and use. These are termed to be good choice. This system is of course the best one for the kids and even the elderly one.There shall be other applications where wireless moisture detectors that are both cheap and easy to install and operate are needed and where this technology therefore might be a good choice.
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE WORK The main purpose is in developing editorial strategies for some of these wide-ranging messaging platforms, news organizations are not just helping to future-proof themselves. They are also venturing into online spaces that could enable them to reach hundreds of millions of (often young) people with whom they have never engaged before.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT The aim of this project is in the modern hygiene, healthcare and care for elderly environment there is a need and a desire to have a diaper that somehow alerts a caretaker when it is time to change it. It is a prosaic necessity, but solving it can significantly improve the quality of care and make the life of caretakers much less stressful. Possible applications of such systems can range from the diapers for the kids to nursing homes and postoperational intensive care units and hospital ward.
1.3 SCOPE The scope of the project is to improve the diaper for the better health condition of the infants by using smart diaper system and IoT technologies.These features can be used by worldwide. Wet diaper spread many kinds of rashes and dermatitis which is dangerous for infants.The doctor tries to prevent this dermatitis using diaper cream or gel. However, these kinds of gel or cream have some side effects.This is inconvenient to check diaper time to time for a nurse or patient family member.
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2. Existing System 2.1 A low-cost smart care system is designed to detect wet diaper based on Smartphone and Bluetooth low energy (BLE) transmitter. The flexible conductors placed into the most urine absorption area into the diaper.[1] The wetting of the diaper decreases the resistance between two terminals which are connected with conductors. As a result, terminals resistance fall down below the predefine resistance value and BLE transmitter send the warning alarm to the Smartphone application and the phone starts ringing. The proposed wet diaper detector based on smart phone and BLE sensor. Above experimental results shows that proposed method is very convenient to detect wetness of the diaper. Our system gives a warning using a smart phone. Newsday smart phone is inexpensive and everybody has their own smart phone. Proposed sensor includes resistor, transistor and nRf51822 components which are very cheap compared to other wet detectors. Our development system is appropriate for all kinds of user who is able to use Smartphone 2.2 In this study, intelligent eco-diapers are made by combining antibacterial yarns coated with quaternary ammonium salts with conductive yarns to improve caretaking for urinary incontinence.[2] The combination of conductive yarns and sensors can detect the moisture content in eco-diapers, and an alarm is sent when moisture is significant. A wireless module is used to send detected signals to a Smartphone or tablet PC via the Internet. This concept is used for a scenario in which nurses do not randomly check on patients in a long-term care institution. When used offline, eco-diapers can send caregivers an alarm for the need to change diapers via cell phones. The diameters of the copper and silver-plated copper fibers are 0.08 and 0.10 mm, respectively. Cotton yarns are twisted with copper and silver-plated copper fibers to form the conductive yarns, which are 0.12 mm in diameter. Moreover, 30-count cotton and 150 D nylon yarns are coated with quaternary ammonium salt via dyeing and finishing processes to form antibacterial yarns. In the current study, intelligent eco-diapers are tested for their electrical and antibacterial properties as specified by AATC and JISL test standards. 2.3 A passive smart tag is described that responds to dampness in diapers once a pre-defined threshold value is reached.[3] A high-frequency (HF) system at 13.56 MHz is used as this allows operation through water or human tissues with less absorption that would occur for an ultraHF signal. A circular spiral coil and swelling substrate facilitate a reaction to dampness that can be detected without contact to the diaper wearer. A prototype design is simulated and measured results are provided together with a demonstration of a tag integrated into a worn diaper. The HF tag reported here could communicate with a reader coil built into furniture or bedding. The read ranges obtained could allow discretion in detecting dampness and, being contactless, can be used without © 2020, IRJET
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Impact Factor value: 7.529
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disturbing a wearer while they are asleep. External antennas fixed to bed posts with higher power readers (1 W) connected to a network could increase detection range to close to 1 m, and notify carer station. 2.4 The main objective of this proposed work is to develop an alert system for change of diapers.[4] This is a wireless alert system via a mobile application to the nursing station, when the diapers of the bedside patients are wet and needs a change. The sensors are just flat and flexible cables that detect the conductivity. Sensors are strategically placed at three different layers of the diaper. First sensor is placed between Waterproof and Extra absorbent layer for easy and early detection of the fluid. Second sensor and third sensor is placed between extra absorbent layer and wick away liner. When the diaper is fully wet, an alert is send to the nursing station indicating change of diaper. Proper removal of diapers for bedded patients keeps them away from urinary infections so this concept provides easy detection of urine in diapers and helps to avoid urinary infections to the other patients. 2.5 Present a new wireless sensor system which is based on the detection of just the ON or OFF state of a condition.[5] This approach overcomes the need for complex architecture and design, but is still able to achieve the functionality that is required for many household applications such as water leakage, food rotting, diaper wetting etc. and thus can be made available very cheaply. The sensor system consisting of an interrogator and a sensor circuit is implemented using inductive coupling. A passive L-C circuit is used for the sensor design and the system is tested using diaper wetting as an example of a simple household application. The testing results shows that the sensor can detect an ON and OFF condition for sensor and tag separation of 10 cm which is enough for applications like water leakage behind walls and under carpets, diaper wetting, food rotting etc
3. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 3.1 PRODUCT PERSPECTIVE The SRS will touch all the functional requirements of the system to be developed. This Project is “IoT based smart diaper system” uses C#.net in the front end and MySQL 5.0 Server in the back end. Product Functions: With advancement of technology things are becoming simpler and easier for us: User Management : Login: The user will login to the main page with his registered name and password. Once the user successfully login the authorized page will be displayed otherwise that shows the error messages. Login is compulsory. Registration: First time while using the website the admin or the caretaker should get registered into it, by registering
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this will help to maintain separate account for each user. Registration of the user is must before they log in. Alarm: When the diaper is wet the alarm receives signal. A quick alarm either in the form sound or buzz. Wet Detection: Urine or liquid is absorbed in a diaper. Send signal to the alarm. 3.2 DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION Constraints based on the working of the application: All the fields to be entered with text in respective format itself. Requires specifying the information for all the mandatory fields. The application shall have a relational database. The application shall be implemented using java, MySQL server and eclipse..The application shall display error messages to the user when an error is detected. The application shall be implemented using java, MySQL server and eclipse. 3.3 EXTERNAL INTERFACE User Interfaces: The system is designed with the intension to improve the diapers by using modern technologies. The admin have to login into the application through the valid user name and password. After login into the system the admin can view and perform all the transactions assigned to him/her through the help of database. The database will help the admin retrieve and store all the valid information from tables
Wet Detection: Input: Urine or liquid is absorbed in a diaper Output: Send signal to the alarm.
3.6 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS The performance requirements deal with performance of the system. The performance should upgrade every time the users uses it. There should not be any sort of degradation. They are classified into two types, static requirements and dynamic requirements. Static requirements are those which do not affect the execution behavior of the system and dynamic requirements which impose constraints on the execution behavior of the system. The system should support as many users as possible. All the necessary details should be stored in the database. To the users, the system should provide instant information as and when they need. The system should provide an easy access to the user. System should run fast with no errors.
4. IMPLEMENTATION An architecture description is a formal description and representation of a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning and behavior of the system. 4.1 Architectural design
3.4 SOFTWARE INTERFACES
Front end: visual studio 2010 Languages : C#.Net Back end: My sql 5.0 Framework : .Net Framework 4.0
3.5 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS User Management: Login: The user will login to the main page with his registered name and password. Once the user successfully login the authorized page will be displayed otherwise that shows the error messages. Login is compulsory. Input :The admin should update all the mandatory values and phone number are not entered an error message will be displayed. Output: Password is generated and sent to the user via SMS alerts. Registration: First time while using the website the admin or the caretaker should get registered into it, by registering this will help to maintain separate account for each user. Registration of the user is must before they log in. Alarm: Input: when the diaper is wet the alarm receives signal. Output: A quick alarm either in the form of sound or buzz. © 2020, IRJET
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Figure 1: Represents the Architectural Design Figure 1 represents the architectural design of the system. Architectural design is a concept that focuses on components or elements of a structure. They work with space and elements to create a coherent and functional structure. The first step of the design phase is the schematic design. It gives us the overall view of the different modules being involved in the system and the indication of the flow of the data. The architectural design indicates the overall sections in the system namely the different sensors that are being used to monitor the physical parameters of the poultry farm, Arduino uno used as a medium for transfer of data from
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sensor to the sensor, the hence collected is fed to the next block where it is processed and the finally is made available for view on the Web application. 4.2 Modular Design The above modular diagram depicts that when the kid urinates or dirt the diaper the diaper moisture is detected, if the moisture detector detects that there is dirt or urine in the diaper the notification is sent to the admin or the parent. The signal is given as the alert sound is also available in the form of the buzzer. The admin can manage the notification either it can be ON so that all the notification are received by the admin or parent or OFF so that there is no notification is received. Figure: 3 Sequence Diagram
5. RESULTS 5.1 Register Registration of the user has to be done at the beginning. User has to enter username create password and user has to reconfirm the password. After entering all credentials he should click create button. If there is any error he has to click clear button. And should re-enter the data.
Figure 2: Modular design Figure 4:Register
4.3 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
5.2 Login
A sequence diagram simply depicts interaction between objects in a sequential order. A Sequence diagram is an interaction diagram that shows how processes operate with one another and in what order. It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart. A sequence diagram shows object interactions arranged in time sequence. It depicts the objects and classed involved in the scenario and the sequence of messages exchanged between the objects needed to carry out the functionality of the scenario
This is the login page of SDMD project for authentication purpose. Here user has to enter login credentials. UserName has to start with the characters and should not start with the number. Password size should be minimum 8 characters.
Figure 7: login
5.3 Invalid input This is the page which tells invalid username or password .If the user has not registered in the system or if the user has forgotten the password and enters a wrong password it says invalid username or password.
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The diaper is not only useful for babies but intended for hospitals and elderly care units too, where the small extra cost per the diaper may pay itself back in decreased working time, and also increase the quality of service for the patients. The diaper system is well suited for incorporating into existing intelligent health care systems. Thus through this we can conclude by saying that it is better to have such Upgraded diapers which are very helpful and such diapers will help the care takers to have a stress less life.
Figure 5:Invalid Input
5.4 Wet Detection If there is a moisture then processing will take place whether it is wet or not then it will detect moisture through the sensor and message will be sent to the parent through bluetooth connection.
REFERENCES: [1]. Johan Siden, Andrei Koppioug and Mikael Gulliksson “The diaper moisture detection system” MidSwedenUniversity,Electronics department,2004. [2] Aung Aung Phyo Wai, Foo Siang Fook and Jit Biswas “Towards Developing Effective Continence Management through Wetness Alert Diaper” Institute for Infocomm Research,Singapore,2010. [3] Mohamed Y.E Simik, Feng Chi, Randa S.I.Saleh “A Design of Smart Diaper Wet Detector using Wireless and Computer”,2015.
Figure 6: wet detection
6. CONCLUSION In the modern hygiene, health care and care for the babies environment. There is a need and a desire to have a diaper that somehow alerts a caretaker when it is dirty. There are a number of ways to detect and measure moisture where some examples can be seen, even though most methods require active electronics. Several ideas of putting extra functionality into a diaper have also been presented earlier. In a more automated, but also much more complex, self-emptying diaper system has been developed and in a system that also indicates abnormality in the urine with aid of reagent paper. Our solution is an inexpensive disposable Bluetooth connection device with integrated moisture sensor. Sensor unit can be either incorporated in to the diaper during the manufacturing process, or used as a strap-on addition to existing diaper solutions. When the diaper gets seriously wet, the moisture sensor becomes an energy source that feeds an oscillator circuit emitting a week radio signal. Novel moisture detection system for incorporating into diapers that transmits a Bluetooth connection device upon moisture detection is presented. It is optimized for low cost, easy handle.
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Impact Factor value: 7.529
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[4] MD Saifur Rhman,Chulhyung Choi,Youngpil Kim “A Low Cost Wet Diaper Detector Based on Smart Phone andBLE Sensor”, Kongju National University, Department of Electrical ,Electronic and Control Engineering,2017. [5] D.Pamela,K.Gerard,Kngston Stanley, “Wet Diaper Alert System For Bedside Patients with Wireless Communication to Nursing Station via Smart Diaper Mobile Application”, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering,2018. [6] S.Sanjal, Y.Atanasov,B.D.Braaten, “A Low Cost Flexible Passive UHF RFID Tag for Sensing Moisture Based on Antenna Polarization, North
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