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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 09 | Sep 2024

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF STEERING SYSTEM FOR FSAE CAR Vijay M1, Vinayagamoorthi M A2 1Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India.

2Assistant Professor II, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Tamil Nadu,

India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract - This paper is focused on the design,

high-speed and low-speed bends, therefore an ideal steering system is not conceivable without unique steering angle control for each wheel. Ackerman steering geometry is selected due to its high maneuverability capability and effective turnings in slow speed cornering. Hence optimization and development of steering geometry and components are the important stages in the development of an effective steering system. In Ackerman steering geometry the inner wheel turning angle is higher than the outer wheel turning angle. Most modern cars, small trucks, and SUVs have a rack and pinion steering mechanism. This transforms the steering wheel's rotational motion into the linear motion that turns the wheels and directs your route. A steering pinion, a circular gear, is used in the mechanism to lock teeth on a bar (the rack). Additionally, it converts large steering wheel rotations into small, precise wheel rotations, giving the steering a direct and firm sensation. Formula (FSAE) car steering systems are designed and manufactured based on the rules specified in the rule books. Trapezoidal arrangement of the steering components to achieve the steering geometry helps to develop a compact layout and reduces the space required for the steering package. Optimizing the tie rods improves the vehicle's cornering ability by reducing the slip angle of the wheels. The lateral force displacement vs slip angle graph is obtained, and the optimum tie rod length will be designed and implemented in the vehicle. Steering geometry is calculated and modeled to achieve 100% Ackermann geometry and the turning radius of the vehicle is reduced for the sharp cornering that improves the overall ability of the vehicle.

optimization, and analysis of steering components and the "Design of steering geometry for formula student cars. The main objective of the research is to ensure more rational and effective steering input or response between the driver and the wheels, reducing the amount of work the driver must do and enhancing their engagement with the wheels. The focus on the project is to consider the Ackerman set-up, steering effort, steering arm length, rack motion, turning radius, steering ratio, slip angle, castor, toe angles, kin-pin angle, and camber angle in order to obtain that sensitivity. Rack and Pinion serve as the link in this instance between the driver and wheels. The optimum tie-rod length 260.08mm is obtained by simulation to reduce the slip angle during cornering and the overall turning radius of the vehicle is reduced to 3.5metres. Key Words: Optimization.

Steering, Ackerman, Rack and Pinion,

1. INTRODUCTION The Steering system is the controlling system of a vehicle. The Ackermann geometry, Anti-Ackermann geometry, and parallel steering type geometry are just a few examples of the numerous steering geometries that are used in various kinds of cars. Each of these geometries has a unique set of benefits, so geometry must be chosen based on the working circumstances [1]. Since the car is a rigid body, all of the tyres must turn around the same center to allow it to turn; otherwise, the tyres will push or pull against one another by forcing the tyres to move away from the intended path, this push or pull impact will cause a scrub and cause the car to lose momentum. To prevent this and assist the car in following the pattern, the steering mechanisms are employed depending on the application because each technique has advantages and disadvantages [2]. The Ackerman systems varies depending on how much the tires scrub. (i.e., produced by each mechanism while the car is taking a turn). While the scrub effect does not exist in the Ackerman system, it grows in parallel processes and intensifies in anti-Ackerman systems. Additionally, the tire characteristics, turn radius, turn speed, and road conditions all influence the optimal steering angle required for a turn. The car encounters both

Impact Factor value: 8.315

2. LITERATURE REVIEW A fundamental step for modelling and creating a steering system is demonstrated in the current study. The aim is to design a steering system with the desired steering ratio, zero play. DS SolidWorks is used for the design process, and Ansys is used for the finite element analysis. The rack and pinion and steering shafts, which are primarily caused by the longitudinal and lateral accelerations that act on the driver and the car, as well as the fact that the driver must apply a force much greater than that to control the vehicle, all need to be designed with the various impact forces and stresses in mind.[1]

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