International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 08 | Aug 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Physico-chemical characterization of soils in the selected distributaries of TLBC command area, Raichur Swetha, A. N1., M. S. Ayyanagowdar2, B. S. Polisgowdar3, Prasad, S. Kulkarni4, B. K. Desai5 and Ravi, M. V6. 1 Ph D scholar, Department of Soil and Water Engineering, CAE, UAS, Raichur, 2 Dean (Ag Engg), CAE, UAS, Raichur.
3 Rtd. Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, CAE, UAS, Raichur. 4 Assistant Professors, Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, CAE, UAS, Raichur. 5 Directorate of Research, UAS, Raichur.
6 Professor of Soil Science and Extension Leader, Agriculture Extension Education Center (AEEC), Koppal, UAS,
Raichur, ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract
An attempt has been made to analyze soils physically by determining the soil texture, bulk density, infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity and chemically by determining the soil pH, EC and the soil micro and macronutrients using standard laboratory procedure for the selected three distributaries (D-17, D-65 and D-95) of TLBC command area, Raichur, Karnataka. The results reveled that, the soils of the selected distributaries of the command area were classified as clayey soils with more than 35 per cent of clay fraction in the soil. The mean soil bulk density of 1.52, 1.68 and 2.1g cc -1, the average basic infiltration rate of 2.30, 3.53 and 2.10 cm hr-1, the average hydraulic conductivity of 0.185, 0.203 and 0.136 m day-1 was observed in head (D-17), middle (D-65) and tail (D-95) reaches of the TLBC command area respectively. The soil pH varied from 8.21 to 8.53, 8.11 to 8.18 and 7.46 to 8.23, the electrical conductivity ranged from 0.911 to 1.13 dS m -1, 0.85 to 1.28 dS m-1 and 0.76 to 0.9 dS m-1 respectively for distributary D-17, D-65 and D-95. The average organic carbon content in the selected distributaries of TLBC command area viz., D-17, D-65 and D-95 were estimated as 0.58, 0.6 and 0.61 per cent respectively. The available macro and micro nutrient status of the soils in the selected distributaries were analyzed According to the soil test rating of primary, secondary and cationic micronutrients, the Available Nitrogen was medium in the D-17 and low in the D-65 and D-95), the Available Phosphorous and Available Potassium were in medium range. The soils of all the selected distributaries were found to be low in Available Sulphur content, and high in exchangeable Magnesium, Copper, Iron and Zinc content.
Keywords: Soil physical and chemical properties, micro and macro nutrients, distributaries, TLBC command area.
1.
Introduction
Land and water are finite natural resources, which are diminishing due to indiscriminate and unscrupulous exploitation. Due to increasing population pressure, situation becomes more serious and calls for efficient and productive utilization of resources. Increasing population leads to overexploitation of productive lands which creates serious problem of lowering the fertility status of soil and it leads to deterioration of soil. The deficiency of nutrients directly affects on the growth of crops and crop response become poor. Hence it is necessary to assess the fertility status of soil with the consideration of available micro and macro nutrients in soils and to recommend the specific nutrients for the proper management of soil. Information on soil fertility status in crop field is very important and useful for fertilizer requirement and also to the specific management of the crop and soil (Bai et al., 2017). Soil salinity and water logging are the twin problems of Tungabhadra Project (TBP) command due to unscientific land and water management and violation of cropping pattern over the decades. As reported by Rashid et al., (2004) even though micronutrients are required in relatively smaller quantities for plant growth, they are as important as macronutrient in rice production to obtain optimum yield and balanced nutrition. Most micronutrients are usually poorly available in salt affected soils, a fact which is generally attributed to the high soil pH and salt stress. Generally, the solubility of cationic trace elements decreases as pH increases, while the solubility of the anionic trace elements increases as the pH increases. Therefore, micronutrients such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) exhibit low levels of solubility in sodic soils, which may result in micronutrient deficiencies. It is reported that presence of major nutrients affects crop uptake of micronutrient due to either negative or positive interactions (Shridhar et al., 2019). Information on the characterization of salt affected
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