International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 08 | Aug 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Advanced Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) dynamics: Integrating IC engine, fuel Cell, battery and EDLC using flux-DC converters S G Srivani1, V Srinivasulu2 1Electrical and Electronics, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India 2Electrical and Electronics, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
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Abstract - Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are
to traditional combustion engine vehicles, thereby mitigating environmental impact and advancing energy efficiency in the transportation landscape [3].
revolutionizing electromobility, merging advanced tech with eco-conscious design. As leaders in sustainable transport, they drive decarbonization and break free from fossil fuel dependence. The orchestrated amalgamation of energy from electrochemical batteries, Fuel cells, Internal Combustion Engines (IC’s), EDLC’s and regenerative braking systems, the vehicles attain unprecedented levels of energy autonomy and adaptability. Leveraging sophisticated powertrain modulation techniques and intricate energy optimization algorithms, HEVs navigate a myriad of dynamic driving terrains, optimizing energy flux while mitigating adverse environmental impacts. By harnessing cutting-edge flux additive converters, High current density DC-DC converters and Bi-directional converters, the system efficiently manages power flow, this seamless integration enhances overall performance, enabling more effective control of hybrid power sources. the Field oriented control (FOC) algorithm is used for controlling the BLDC motor, this study serves as a guiding beacon, illuminating the transformative potential inherent in the amalgamation of IC engine with Fuel cell. This propels HEVs into an epoch characterized by unparalleled efficiency and sustainability, thus heralding a significant paradigm shift in the automotive landscape towards a greener and more sustainable future. This postulate is substantiated through an intricate simulation conducted by utilizing the MATLAB environment.
The demand for electric vehicles arises from their capability to mitigate emissions, decrease dependency on finite fossil fuels, foster technological innovation, and harmonize with global initiatives to combat climate change. Together, they represent a transformative force reshaping the automotive landscape and driving us towards a more sustainable tomorrow. In today's world, personal transportation is the lifeblood of economic and social development, with millions of vehicles traversing the globe daily. Yet, this convenience comes at a cost – a heavy reliance on fossil fuels. With over 800 million cars worldwide and a staggering 250 million in the United States alone, the strain on Earth's resources is undeniable. As China surpasses the United States to become the world's largest auto market, the trajectory of personal vehicle ownership is set on an unstoppable course. However, the path we've chosen is fraught with challenges. The system has been implemented with multi-energy sources, the internal combustion engine is combined with the battery, fuel cell and EDLC (Electric double layer capacitor) system, the EDLC has been integrated with a bidirectional converter, the High flux density and fluxadditive DC-DC converters are unidirectional converters, the EDLC has been specifically connected to a bidirectional converter so that it can get recharged quickly since the power density of the EDLC is high, around 10 KW/kg. The battery system does not undergo charging during regenerative braking action since it has low power density, around 2 KW/Kg, but has high energy density, around 170 Wh/Kg, hence it is used as an energy storage system [4]-[5].
Key Words: Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV), Lithium-ion battery, EDLC, Flux-additive DC-DC converter, IC engine, High-Flux additive DC-DC converter, BLDC motor.
1.INTRODUCTION
The Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is controlled by Field oriented algorithm technique, the Indian drive cycle (IDC) has been designed to test the proposed system, the IDC provides the reference velocity to the longitudinal driver, which generates the acceleration command, the acceleration command is the Iref to the FOC controller, the pulses generated by the FOC controller is fed to the IGBT switches of the three phase-inverter.
Electrifying the road ahead involves a quest for sustainable mobility through Electric Vehicles (EV’s) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV’s). Amid a world grappling with the environmental toll of traditional transportation. Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) stand as beacons of innovation and sustainability [1],[2]. With their silent engines and zero-emission promise, EVs lead the charge towards a cleaner, greener future, while HEVs offer a seamless transition, blending electric power with conventional engines for enhanced efficiency. Electric vehicles (EVs) harness electric motors fuelled by rechargeable batteries, presenting a sustainable alternative
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The FOC algorithm's principal function involves comparing Iq* with the instantaneous I stator quadrature (Iq) value necessitating an accurate computation of the latter. This computation is facilitated by the transformation of the three-
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