International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 08 | Aug 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna to Detect Cancer Cells in Thyroid Gland B. Loganayaki1, Dr.K. Jayanthi2 1PG Scholar, Department of Communication Systems Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Salem-11,
Tamil Nadu, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Government College of
Engineering, Salem-11, Tamil Nadu, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The rectangular microstrip patch antenna
(24.413mm x 15.769mm) is designed using FR-4 substrate material with a permittivity of 4.4 to detect cancer cells in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland model is placed below the proposed antenna to detect cancer cells. The proposed rectangular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is operating in ISM band with the resonant frequency of 5.73GHz. It is simulated using Ansys 2023 R2 HFSS software. The thyroid gland model with cancer cells has different properties because cancer cells have more water content. The parameters of rectangular MPA such as return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) are varied with and without cancer cells in the thyroid gland. By using these parameters cancer cells are detected in the thyroid gland. The return loss value of proposed rectangular MPA is below -10dB for thyroid gland model with and without cancer cells.
Fig -1: Thyroid gland with tumor (cancer cells) The radio spectrum or group of radio bands known as the industrial, scientific, and medical radio band (ISM band) is set aside worldwide for the use of radio frequency (RF) energy for industrial, scientific, and medical purposes only, not for communication. 5.725 – 5.875GHz is one of the ISM bands and the proposed rectangular MPA is operating in this band.
Key Words: Thyroid gland model, tumor (cancer cells), VSWR, return loss, gain.
1.INTRODUCTION The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, just below the Adam's apple. Hormones that control blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, and weight are produced by the thyroid. Cells begin to proliferate in the thyroid and eventually become thyroid cancer. At initially, thyroid cancer may not show any signs. However, when it gets bigger, it might produce symptoms and indicators such neck swelling, voice changes, and swallowing difficulties. When DNA alterations occur in thyroid cells, thyroid cancer results. A cell's DNA contains instructions that tell it what to do. The alterations, known to scientists as mutations, instruct the cells to proliferate and expand quickly. When healthy cells would naturally perish, the cells continue to exist. A tumor is a mass formed by the cells that are accumulating. The tumor has the potential to develop, infiltrate surrounding tissue, and travel (metastasize) to the neck lymph nodes. Occasionally, cancer cells have the ability to travel to other areas of the body, including the lungs, bones, and neck. Tumor is detected using proposed MPA by placing thyroid gland model below antenna [1].
A 3D electromagnetic (EM) simulation program called Ansys HFSS is used to design and simulate high-frequency electronic products, including printed circuit boards, antenna arrays, RF and microwave components, high-speed interconnects, filters, and connectors.
2.RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN 1.1 Equations for microstrip patch antenna design Width of the rectangular MPA patch, ->(1) Length of the rectangular MPA patch, ->(2)
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