International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 08 | Aug 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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EVOLUTION AND EMERGING TRENDS IN THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BOX CULVERTS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW Salman Ilai Biradar1, R. Shreedhar2, Shradha Hiremath3 1PG Scholar, Dept. of Civil Engineering, SGBIT, Belagavi, Karnataka, India 2Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, SGBIT, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, SGBIT, Belagavi, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The study of box culverts is a vital area of civil engineering, particularly in the design and analysis of hydraulic structures. Over the years, various researchers have explored the factors influencing the performance, durability, and costeffectiveness of box culverts. This review synthesizes the key findings from the literature in chronological order, highlighting the evolution of understanding and approaches in the field. The review also identifies several research gaps and suggests potential directions for future studies, emphasizing the need for updated standards, advanced materials, and consideration of dynamic loading conditions. Key Words: Box-culvert, Pressure Coefficient, Load Dispersion, Cushion, Braking Force, etc
1.INTRODUCTION Box culverts play a critical role in civil engineering, particularly in water management, road infrastructure, and railway operations. As a structural element, the box culvert must withstand various loading conditions, including dead loads, live loads, soil pressure and hydraulic forces. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research conducted on box culverts, focusing on the evolution of design and analysis methodologies, key findings, and the identification of research gaps that can guide future studies.
2 EVOLUTION OF BOX CULVERT RESEARCH Research on box culverts has evolved significantly over the past few decades, with various studies contributing to a deeper understanding of their design and analysis.
2.2 Early Studies and Foundational Research Komal S. Kattimani and R. Shreedhar (2013) were among the early researchers to investigate key design parameters for box culverts. They focused on the depth of the cushion placed on top of the slab, the angle of live load dispersion, and the earth pressure coefficient. Their work laid the foundation for understanding the critical role of cushion depth and lateral pressure in preventing structural deformation. Ketan Kishor Sahu and Shraddha Sharma (2015) expanded on this by analysing RCC box culverts with varying numbers of cells. They emphasized the importance of considering both cost and optimal thickness in the design process, underscoring the need for careful planning to achieve cost-effectiveness without compromising structural integrity.
2.2 Advances in Structural Analysis and Design Subsequent research focused on the structural components of box culverts, particularly under various loading conditions. Mr. Afzal Hanif Sharif (2016) provided a detailed study of the structural components of box bridges, highlighting the resistance to shear force and bending moment, which are critical for the safe operation of box bridges. Kritee Chhetri et al. (2016) explored the dynamic effects on culvert analysis, finding that span-to-height ratios significantly influence internal forces and bending moments. This research emphasized the importance of considering dynamic factors in box culvert design to ensure structural integrity.
2.3 Modern Software Tools and Comparative Analysis The use of advanced software tools such as STAAD Pro became prominent in the late 2010s. Researchers like Zaman Abbas Kazmi et al. (2017) and Saurav and Ishaan Pandey (2017) highlighted the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of finite element
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