International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 | July 2024
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p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Experimental investigation and analysis of FDM operation parameters on tensile strength. Ashwini R Chengta1, Dr. Babu Reddy2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, VTU CPGS Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.
2 Assistant Professor & Program Coordinator Department of Mechanical Engineering, VTU CPGS Kalaburgi,
Karnataka, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract - In the feild of fast prototyping, 3D printing is seeing a stream in popularity thanks to its ability to quickly produce a wide range of complex shapes and structures. This production technique employs a computer-aided design (CAD) blueprint to generate a tangible prototype. It works by layering material to build the prototype. A major benefit of this approach is its sucessfullness in creating convoluted parts with little to no material being wasted. There are numerous methods for rapid prototyping on the market, with fused deposition modeling (FDM) standing out as a favorite. The predictable of 3D printed items made from PLA (Polylactic Acid) are shaped by different process settings and the material's inherent properties. In this study, the effect of condemnatory process settings, like layer thickness, volume fill, and printing rate, on the material's mechanical strength was investigated. The results specify that a higher volume fill resulted in greater tensile strength, where as lowering the printing rate and decreasing layer thickness improved the material's mechanical strength. The experimental results were compared to those forecast by ANSYS.
Figure 1: components of Fused Deposition Modeling printers A variety of substances, including low-temperature metal alloys and composites, can be utilized in FDM, but the primary materials for this technique are thermoplastics and polymer-based composites. The success of creating a product with desirable mechanical characteristics is linked to factors such as the orientation of the build, the pattern and density of the infill, the temperature of the nozzle, the size of the nozzle, the rate at which the printing is done, and the thickness of each layer. Inadequate conditions and low temperatures can lead to problems during the printing process, such as warpage and shrinkage. It's important to mention that determining the elongation at break, Young’s modulus, and tensile strength is essential for improving the mechanical properties of isotropic and anisotropic engineering plastics. One of the challenges of the FDM method is the need for support structures to prevent material droppings and to reduce gaps for better adhesion. However, these support structures can affect the surface texture and the quality of the areas where supports are placed, making them appear rough and of lower quality. Another issue with FDM-printed parts is the staircase effect, which occurs due to the way layers bind together.
Key Words: FDM, Additive Manufacturing, 3D Printing, PLA, CAD.
INTRODUCTION Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) shines as a favored and environmentally friendly method of additive manufacturing (AM). It's widely used in both the consumer and industrial realms for the creation of intricate 3D objects, as depicted in Figure 1, which shows the various parts of an FDM printer that work together to quickly produce components with little waste of material and tools. The process starts with the design and development of the model using computer-aided design (CAD) software. Afterward, the file must be converted into a format that the FDM 3D printer can understand. This conversion typically involves the use of the standard triangle language (STL) and specialized software is needed to transform the CAD file into STL. Next, stepper motors move the material, in the shape of a solid filament, through the nozzle. The material is heated by the extruder to a specific temperature, causing it to melt, and it is then placed onto the platform. The material cools quickly and sticks to the platform. Subsequently, the printer follows a numerical Gcode sequence in a layer-by-layer manner, repeating this step until the object is finished.
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LITERATURE REVIEW Ahn et al [1]. Examined the experiment design and determined that the design of the experiment, including the air gap and raster pattern orientation, influences the tensile strength of the part produced through FDM processes, while the width of the raster pattern, the temperature of the model, and the color do not significantly impact it. They also conducted a comparison between the tensile strength of FDM parts created at various raster pattern angles and air gap versus those produced using injection molding
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