International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 | July 2024
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p-ISSN: 2395-0072
COMMUNICATION BASED TRAIN CONTROL: TRANSFORMING MODERN RAILWAY SYSTEM Bidisha Talukdar1, Vaibhav Nagpal2 1Student, Dept. of ECE, Manipal University Jaipur, India
2 Student, Dept. of ECE, Manipal University Jaipur, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------ATO: Automatic Train Operation, ATS: Automatic Train Abstract – The importance of rail transportation in Supervision, AP: Access Point
sustainable transport is mainly due to their safe, trustworthy, high capacity, and energy-effective characteristics. Urban rail transit, which has witnessed rapid global development in recent years particularly among developed and developing countries alike, is faster, safer, more convenient, and offers large capacities with the application of Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) system. This study explores the principles of a CBTC system that defines its working mechanism; it also identifies subway lines using CBTC systems. It provides an understanding of the benefits associated with CBTC focusing on automation of train control systems essential to contemporary railways that offer new approaches to expanding urban populations through advanced enthralling efficient secure solutions. Therefore, CBTC utilizes high precision train positioning methodology and has two-way communication between trains and wayside equipment for complete automated train operation systems in large continually expanding towns. This paper illustrates the advantages of CBTC technology, showing that it can safely increase capacity and efficiency on busy urban lines, hence developing train signaling systems to accommodate increasing demand as well as traffic capacity.
1.INTRODUCTION Traditionally, railway signaling systems employed in India, like the Absolute Block and Automatic Block systems were using fixed-length blocks with downtime between a train and another one moving in the same direction. These mechanisms ensure safety but fail to enhance track capacity. Consequently, alternative approaches such as Communications Based Train Control (CBTC) have been implemented in some countries. CBTC is an advanced wireless communication-based signaling system that offers high-resolution real-time train control information, enabling reduced headways between trains on the same line and reducing the need for extensive track-side equipment. Currently, this system is being installed on Metro Railways across India where each metro uses different communication technologies such as LTE, GSM-R, and TETRA resulting in some differences between them [13,8]. In CBTC systems, trains continuously compute and transmit their status which includes their exact positions, speeds of trains travel directions and braking distances to the distributed along wayside equipment through radio communication. This constant exchange of information allows for precise calculation of areas occupied by trains thus defining safe points on the track that must be avoided by other trains [11]. If each train keeps getting updated about the distance of the other, then all trains can control their speed and keep at a safe distance between them for passengers to feel safe as well as comfortable [4]. Increasing railway transportation efficiency is about speed and capacity. Speed is limited but capacity can be increased by shortening the headway between trains. The two-way communication in CBTC systems allows to move from a fixed-block to a moving-block system where trains are separated by an absolute braking distance. But trajectory prediction which considers the leading train movement is key to safety and efficiency.
Key Words: CBTC, Urban rail transit, Sustainable transport, Train positioning methodology, Automation of train control. List of Abbreviations ATO: Automatic Train Operation, ATP: Automatic Train Protection, ATS: Automatic Train Supervision, CBTC: Communication-Based Train Control, LTE: Long-Term Evolution, GSM-R: Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway, TETRA: Terrestrial Trunked Radio, MA: Movement Authority, RCS: Radio Communication System, VOBC: Vehicle On-Board Controller, ZC: Zone Controller, RATP: Regie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (Autonomous Paris Transport Authority), MTR: Mass Transit Railway, SMRT: Singapore Mass Rapid Transit, ERTMS: European Rail Traffic Management System, IoT: Internet of Things, IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, ATS: Automatic Train Supervision, MA: Movement Authority, ZC: Zone Controller, ATP: Automatic Train Protection,
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Active communication in CBTC means frequent exchange between control center and trains about dynamics and characteristics. Trajectory prediction in CBTC means calculations are made with the actual leading train
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