International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 | July 2024
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Traditional Architecture of Orchha Shikha Gupta1, Aman Sahu2 1Master’s student, 2Master’s student
Master of City Planning, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - This abstract delves into India's diverse cultural identity and the imperative to preserve it. Orchha, an ancient city in
Madhya Pradesh, renowned for its historical and religious significance, has maintained its original palaces and temples. Yet, modern constructions have strayed from its traditional architecture, disrupting the town's authenticity. This study aims to revive Orchha's architectural heritage by analyzing space making elements used in traditional architecture of the town. By harmonizing the distinctive designs of palaces with modern concepts, innovative spatial possibilities can emerge. Orchha's cultural roots, deeply intertwined with Bundelkhand heritage, hinge on its architectural grandeur. Examining how spaces are arranged reveals their significance and role in Orchha's architectural story, showcasing their contribution to the town's unique character. The study seeks to uncover Orchha's space-making principles and their potential application in contemporary architecture. Adapting these elements could foster culturally resonant spaces within modern structures, bridging historical and present design. In the end, this study aims to rejuvenate Orchha's architectural heritage, nurturing a deeper understanding of how traditional and contemporary architectural styles interact and influence each other. Key Words: Traditional Architecture, Bundelkhand, Contemporary Architecture, Spatial Character, Heritage City, Zanana, Mardana.
1. INTRODUCTION Orchha is famed for its temples and fortified complex, located in Niwari district of Madhya Pradesh. The complex is enveloped by the Betwa River, serving as both a vital water source and a protective barrier against adversaries. Within the fort complex, four prominent palaces stand, namely Raja Mahal, Jehangir Mahal, Sheesh Mahal, and Rai Praveen Mahal. Raja Mahal and Jehangir Mahal prominently contribute to Orchha's picturesque panorama, each showcasing distinct architectural styles. Raja Mahal reflects the Bundelkhand architectural influence, while Jehangir Mahal boasts a fusion of Islamic and Bundela architectural elements.
2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Orchha, established in the 16th century by Bundela chief Rudra Pratap Singh, emerged as a fortified haven against Mughal pressures, evolving into a royal capital under Bharti Chand. Bir Singh Deo, a formidable Bundela king, orchestrated strategic moves, including an alliance with Mughal prince Salim and the elimination of Abu' Fazal. Despite Mughal invasions, Bir Singh Deo's legacy thrived, marked by architectural feats and regional influence. Hamir Singh's rule brought elevation to Maharaja Status, while Maharaja Pratap Singh's visionary leadership led to remarkable state development and innovative engineering. Orchha's dynamic history fostered the distinct Bundeli architectural style, influencing North India's architectural landscape. The town was divided into two halves via river Betwa, first half is citadel where royal people lived and the other half is for the citizens of the town. Now the citadel is under UNESCO and has been used for tourism over the past decade. The citadel consists of many darwajas, four main Mahal (Raja Mahal, Sheesh Mahal, Jehangir Mahal and Rai Praveen Mahal), small temples, kothis etc.
3. CLIMATE The climate of Orchha has excessively hot summers (April – June) while winters are cool (November-February) and pleasant. The terrain of Orchha suffer from an acute paucity of rainfall in July-September. The glare turns out to be painful and difficult during summers. However, river maintains the coolness of the town.
4. MONUMENTS OF ORCHHA There are a number of monuments built by the Bundela and other successor rulers. Since the maharajas believed in God, the land is mostly adorned with temples. However, over time, these monuments and temples were left vacant, transforming them into attractions and significant subjects for architecture. Bir Singh constructed the Meenakshi Temple, which is now unused, yet it has become an important destination for tourists to explore and admire.
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