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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 | July 2024

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p-ISSN: 2395-0072

A REVIEW OF PHOSPHATE REMOVAL TECHNIQUES FROM SEWAGE WASTE WATER. Sangram A. Nandawadekar1, Dr. Sunil S. Shaha2 1M.Tech. Student, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's

College of Engineering (Autonomous), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India

2Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's

College of Engineering (Autonomous), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract - It is observed that Phosphate is seen in the

sewage water using chemical precipitation. Some studies also explored the avenues of selective ion exchange in order to reduce the Phosphorous content. Ion exchange has proven to be highly efficient in P-removal but in turn is cost extensive. Even different studies have been carried out related to the Biological Phosphorous Removal (BPR) where Phosphate Accumulation Organisms (PAO) is employed to do the job.

sewage samples in the industry and reduction of it is required. Removing Phosphorus (P) from domestic wastewater is largely done to reduce the risk of eutrophication in any water that the wastewater will be released into. Phosphorous being a nutrient can be recovered from the waste water and put to good use like in fertilizers. There are different technologies that are being used to achieve the removal of P-content from sewage like – Physical, Chemical, Biological and Ion Exchange amongst others. These technologies are used as per the scale of treatment plant and the amount of P-content removal to be achieved. This article reviews the different P-removal technology options studied by different researchers all over the world.

2. REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES Phosphorous removal from wastewater can be done using physico-chemical methods, biological treatment, and/or combinations of both to achieve maximum reduction in the concentration levels.

Key Words: Phosphate removal, Coagulation, Chemical Precipitation, Ion Exchange, Biological recovery.

2.1 Physical – Chemical Methods These methods have been in practice for a long period of time and have proved efficient in many systems. While generally trustworthy and efficient, these procedures do have some drawbacks. They may affect other characteristics of the system and may require additional steps in order to normalize. Most widely used Physical – Chemical method is of Precipitation using Chemical Dosages. Chemicals like Alum, PAC, FeCl3 are used frequently. The efficiency of the removal using these chemicals is dependent on various factors like – dosage quantity, original phosphorous content, system kinetics, etc. This method of chemical precipitation leads to generation of sludge. The removed P-content is present in this sludge and hence it requires proper disposal. Sludge management plays vital role if this method is used.

1.INTRODUCTION Phosphorous is found in the sewage samples at varied concentrations and in different forms like orthophosphate, polyphosphate, organic phosphate, etc. It is introduced in the sewage streams from sources like Human Excreta, food waste from canteens, detergents, soaps and hand wash used in bathrooms, etc. Excessive amount of Phosphate in treated sewage may lead to Eutrophication which is a serious concern in the ecology. Strict measures must be taken at source level to reduce the introduction of Phosphorous in the sewage system. By combining all the source control measures by adapting to the conditions, it is possible to reduce the load of Phosphorous.

The precipitation of Phosphorous from the sewage is under study and further improvements need to be done in finding out the dosages by not disturbing the system and its characteristics. Other physical methods of P-removal include filtration, adsorption absorption, ion exchange. All these methods are being used in the field but not that frequently.

Phosphorous can be removed from the sewage using different techniques like chemical precipitation, biological removal technique, etc. Out of which the biological method has less efficiency of removal as compared to chemical precipitation. Various chemical agents like Alum, PAC, FeCl3, etc. are being practiced on a wider range. The removal of Phosphorous can be carried out by chemical or biological method or by combining both of them to achieve maximum removal efficiency.

2.2 Biological Methods Biological Phosphate removal has been under study for many years. However, it has not proven efficient as compared to the physic-chemical processes due to its fluctuating performance. Study along the lines of

Different studies nationally and internationally have been carried out to remove the Phosphorous element from the

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