International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 | July 2024
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p-ISSN: 2395-0072
PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN MARBLE MINING I. Choudhary1, Dr. S.C Jain2 1M.Tech. Student, Dept. of Mining Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India 2Professor, Dept. of Mining Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Abstract - The marble extraction process is associated
When it comes to marble reserves, both in terms of quality and quantity, Rajasthan is the richest state in the nation. Rajasthan has significant reserves of high-quality marble, estimated at 1231 million tonnes (M.T.). Udaipur-Rajsamand, Makrana-Kishangarh, and Banswara-Dungarpur are some of Rajasthan’s important marble-occurrence regions.
with environmental issues like change in landscape, noise pollution, change in ground water, air pollution, marble slurry can cause land degradation etc. With the ever increasing focus on environment, the mining industry needs to adapt to sustainable mining for better growth and economic development. Marble is mined in Rajsamand (Rajnagar region) by conventional method i.e by wedges with feathers, semi-mechanised method and mechanised method. Morwad, Dharmeta, Arna, Nijharna, Jhanjar are the marble varieties mined in Rajsamand. The sustainability of marble mining operations at Rajsamand, the most productive marble mining area in world has been analysed. A total of 5 different varieties of marble mines were selected and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is adopted on the basis of key factors of sustainability (technical, economical, safety, social, ecological and rock condition) for selecting the most sustainable mining method. The research demonstrated that conventional mining is least sustainable, resulting in more waste, cracks, irregularly shaped blocks, high working faces, back breaks, rock falls, and accidents. It was concluded and advised that conventional mining methods should be replaced with more sustainable mining methods, namely semi-mechanized mining at the Dharmeta and Jhanjhar marble deposits and mechanised mining at the Morwad, Arna, and Nijharna marble deposits. Key Words: Sustainability, Marble, hierarchy process, Varieties, Key factors
The largest marble deposits in India is made up by Rajnagar marble occurring around Rajnagar and Kelwa towns in Rajsamand quarter of south- central Rajasthan. Rajsamand marble belongs to late Paleoproterozoic Aravali Supergroup. It is substantially white, coarsegranulated and compact dolomitic marble. Mining is presently being carried out as several, small to medium sized, open sites using conventional and mechanised operations. The ecology suffers during the extraction of a natural stone. The change in the landscape is probably the most noticeable effect. Quarrying can potentially ruin or displace plant or animal habitats. Even if habitats are not entirely destroyed, quarrying's general environmental disturbance, such as noise pollution, changes to ground or surface water, and ground vibrations, can still have an impact on biodiversity by impairing species' reproductive cycles and causing habitats to dry out or flood. Marble dust, which is produced during the mining process, can harm soil quality, pollute the air, which can have an impact on plant physiology, and taint water sources, making them unfit for human consumption or agricultural use.
Analytical
1.INTRODUCTION
In the study "Our Common Future," Brundtland (1987), defined sustainability as the process of meeting existing demands without compromising the capacity of future generations to satisfy their own needs. Enhancing research and development for sustainable manufacturing has become crucial for the industrial sector during the past three decades.
Mining is the process of extracting valuable minerals from the earth's crust. It is a metamorphosed limestone created by re-crystallisation under temperature conditions as well as regional metamorphism, according to the geological definition. A sedimentary carbonate rock called marble is created when limestone or dolomite undergoes metamorphism. White is the colour of the most pure calcite (CaCO3) marble. Marble that contains hematite (Fe2O3) is reddish in colour, while marble that contains limonite (FeO (OH) nH2O) is yellow. Marble's green hue is caused by the presence of serpentine (Mg, Fe)3 Si2 O5 (OH).4
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The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a system that combines math and psychology to organise and analyse complicated decisions. It consists of three parts: the primary objective or issue you're attempting to resolve, all potential answers, or alternatives, and the standards by which you'll evaluate the options. By putting the
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