International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 | July 2024
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p-ISSN: 2395-0072
An Experimental Analysis of the Effect of Red Mud, Hydrated lime, and Basalt Fiber on the Strength Parameter of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement. Tushar Raj Jha1, Dr. G. P. Khare2 1Research Scholar, M. Tech. (Structural Engg.) 2Professor and Head, Department of Civil Engineering,
Jhada Sirha Government Engineering College Jagdalpur Bastar, Chhattisgarh India.
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Abstract - The research used red mud instead of cement to
1.2. Bayer Process bauxite: Alumina, or smelting grade alumina, is the result of refining bauxite using the technique known as the Bayer process. Alumina is the precursor to aluminum. Generally, one ton of alumina requires between 1.9 and 3.6 tons of bauxite, depending on the ore's quality. The term "Bayer cycle" refers to the cyclical nature of the Bayer process. Digestion, clarity, precipitation, and calcinations are the four stages involved. Additionally, employing red mud enhances the concrete's capacity to absorb impacts and lowers production costs. Red mud functions well as a binding agent and aids in keeping reinforcement from corroding. One useful waste product that can help the construction sector is red mud. By using red mud as a partial substitute for cement in concrete and hydrated lime to help red mud achieve pozzolanic qualities, this research study aims to address the issues associated with both red mud and cement. As a result, the study also concentrates on adding lime as an additive to enhance the strengthening results.
examine the characteristics of concrete. The Bayer Process, which turns bauxite ore into alumina, has a low energy efficiency and produces a lot of red mud, or dusty, high alkalinity bauxite residues. Red mud is produced almost at the same mass ratio as metallurgical alumina and is dumped into sealed or unsealed artificial impoundments, or landfills, which poses serious environmental problems. It is composed of silica, iron, titanium, and aluminum oxides, as well as a few other trace elements. Red mud's presence of alumina and iron oxide makes up for limestone, the main raw material used to make cement, which lacks these elements. Soda content in red mud, which is utilized to produce clinker, balances the sulphur in pet coke, which is used to burn clinker to produce cement, and improves the cement's setting properties. Although there are a number of red mud utilization options, none of them have shown to be commercially or economically successful thus far. The primary emphasis of the project work is whether the red mud obtained is suitable for construction. In M40 grade concrete, the replacement percentages for red mud are 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and for hydrated lime, 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of cement, respectively.
1.3. Sinter Process of bauxite: Sintering is a thermal process that turns a metallic or ceramic powder (or a powder compact) into a bulk material that typically has residual porosity. It occurs below the melting point of the primary constituent material. The material undergoes specific chemical and physical changes throughout the sintering process.
Key Words: traditional concrete, Concrete with red mud, hydrated lime and basalt fibre, Workability, Compressive, Tensile, and flexural strength.
1.INTRODUCTION:
1.4 Availability of Red Mud: With 43.6% of the nation's total production, Orissa is the state that produces the most bauxite in India. Jharkhand (19.2%), Maharashtra (13.3%), Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh (11.4%), and Andhra Pradesh (12.5%) follow. According to Balasubramaniam et al. (1987), the districts that produce the most bauxite are Koraput and Sundargarh in Orissa, Gumla and Lohardaga in Jharkhand, Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, Kolhapur and Ratangiri in Maharashtra, Bastar, Bilaspur, Surguja, Mandla, Satna, Jabalpur, and Shahdol in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jamnagar, Kachchh, and Junagarh in Gujarat, and Salem and Nilgiri in Tamil Nadu.
Bauxite is the mineral that yields aluminum metal. A variety of distinct oxides and hydroxides of silicon, iron, and aluminum make up bauxite ore's makeup. The primary raw materials used in Bayer's alumina production process are caustic and bauxite. This process produces red mud, which is typically dumped as a non-value byproduct in the backyard of an alumina refinery known as the "red mud yard." Red mud has very limited industrial application. An enormous 3.0-acre area is required annually to store the red mud and dykes. The quality of bauxite used as a raw material and the process of producing alumina result in the industrial waste known as red mud. There are two types of red mud: sintering red mud and Bayer red mud. With current technology, every 1 t of alumina produced results in the production of 0.8 to 1.76 t of red mud.
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