International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024
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p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Formation and Removal of Oxidation By-Products from drinking water treatment Plant Mustapha Momoh Koroma 1* 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 2State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science Engineering, Tongji
University, Shanghai, China ----------------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT Every day, millions of people around the world receive clean drinking water from their drinking water treatment plants. The most widely used disinfectants in use today are chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines; each generates a unique set of DBPs in drinking water. Oxidation by-products (OBPs) are created when chlorine reacts with organic matter or dissolves organic carbon (DOC) in the water. The oxidants react with the organics to form oxidation by-products (OBPs), which are toxic and harmful to human beings. The objective of this study is to remove OBPs from drinking water treatment plants using chemical oxidation and coagulation treatment methods to remove oxidation by-products. The samples were analyzed using Fluorescence’s Spectrophotometer Sampling Analyser (EEM) to record the fluorescence spectral of OBPs in the water samples; TOC was analyzed using Shimzu to detect the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) using standard procedure 5310D; UV254 nm was used to absorb the DOC spectrum; and Agilent 8890 chromatography (GC) was also used to determine the retention time (RT), responses, and properties of Trihalomethane THMs (EPA 551.1). Coagulants, such as aluminum chlorohydrate, polymerized ferrous sulfate, and ferric chloride were used, during the experimental condition aluminum chlorohydrate proved to be very effective in removing oxidation by-products, similarly for oxidants sodium hypochlorite and potassium permanganate helped destabilize and aggregating fine particles, including organic matter in the water, and also aiding in removing suspended particles, and oxidation by-product. The change in the emission spectrum would indicate that the chemical composition of the solution has been successfully changed by the oxidation process. Moreover, standard sample results of Trihalomethanes retention time (Rt), and peak areas are good for removing Trihalomethanes species. The TOC removal efficiency of OBPs is higher which indicates that sodium hypochlorite is effective in removing OBPs from drinking water. origin. These findings highlight the importance of removing and controlling oxidation by-products in drinking water treatment plants that have formed sediments Keywords: Drinking Water Treatment Plant, Excitation-Emission Matrix, Coagulation, Oxidation By-product OBPs. Trihalomethane.
1. INTRODUCTION When chlorine combines with organic materials (Liu, 2021) or dissolves organic carbon (DOC) in water (Kumari, 2022; Nikolaou, 2004), oxidation by-products (OBPs) are produced. Additionally, the oxidants and organics may react to create hazardous compounds known as OBPs that are detrimental to human health (Gallard, 2002). To ensure the security of the water supply, OBPs must be controlled and removed from drinking water (Wee, 2023). To make water suitable for human consumption, it must be treated (Khalifa, 2018). The main OBPs that are generated in water are trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) (Sinha, 2021). Both conventional coagulation treatment and chemical oxidation treatment techniques are effective in eliminating OBPs (Titchou, 2021) Significant amounts of known OBPs have been found, however, there are still significant amounts that are unknown (de Castro Medeiros, 2019). Drinking water that has been chlorinated was trihalomethanes (THMs) were initially found (Liu, 2019; Mazhar, 2024). Chlorination produces a variety of OBPS, such as THMs, HAAs, and HBQF (Zhang, 2020). As a result, OBPs in
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