International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024
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p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Recent Studies of Pyridine derivatives as an anticancer agent: Mini review Pradeep Jidugu1, Praveen BM1,* and Bharath K. Devendra2 1Department of Chemistry, Srinivas University, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Srinivas Nagar, Mukka,
Mangaluru-574146, Karnataka
2Department of Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post,
Bengalru-560054, Karnataka -----------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract- The class of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds with the greatest biological activity includes cyanopyridine and
pyridines, which are utilized in the development of anticancer drugs. These artificial sources are a powerful class of chemicals used in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer and, breast cancer among other cancers. The outcomes of recently published articles are compiled in this review. Important tests in the development of anticancer drugs, pyridine and cyanopyridine derivatives with their different anticancer properties are described, and their potential anticancer activity is proved in vitro, in vivo, or through in silico research. This study discusses recent developments in pyridine and cyanopyridine compounds, which are grabbing prospects for cancer therapy. Key Words: Cancer, Tumor, Pyridine, Cells, Heterocyclic Compounds.
1. INTRODUCTION Prostate and breast cancer, which primarily affect men and women and have a high incidence and fatality rate, have affected the majority of people worldwide in this century. The most widespread cancer in the men is prostate cancer, which is tailed by lung cancer [1-3]. This growing tumor, which usually first appears in people over 50, is caused by aberrant cells found in the prostate tissue. It can spread to surrounding tissues, lymph nodes, and even bones if left untreated. Similarly, aside from skin cancer, breast cancer is also the highest frequent cancer in females [4-6]. Current therapeutic approaches include radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery; nevertheless, these drugs have drawbacks and side effects. Thus, it is crucial to continue studying and creating novel small-molecule medications to treat prostate cancer. Numerous small-molecule medications have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in the medication of breast and prostate cancer in recent years [7]. In order to support the development of more potent and cutting-edge medications for the efficient control of prostate and breast cancer, this study purposes to deliver a thorough analysis of the clinical applications and synthetic techniques of numerous noteworthy small molecule drugs that have been approved to treat these two cancers. Finding novel compounds for the treatment of cancer is an enticing prospect thanks to heterocyclic blocks containing heteroatoms. Systematically, heterocycles, or compounds comprising a heterocycle molecule, account for roughly 85% of all molecules exhibiting biological activity. Most often, the involved structures of heterocycles have nitrogen as a backbone. These attributes are highlighting the critical role that heterocycles play in the discovery and design of novel drugs [8]. The most common forms of heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen are found in antibiotics, vitamins, and hormones. N-containing heterocycles make up 60% of small molecular medications, according to FDA databases, demonstrating the structural significance of the nitrogen-bearing heterocyclic molecules in therapeutic innovation and development. The nitrogen atoms of heterocyclic compounds are easily bound to DNA by hydrogen bonding. The N atom's hydrogen bonding affinity for DNA is the source of the anticancer or antitumor action. Moreover, pyridine derivatives and cyanopyridine serve as prospective anti-cancer drugs in the field of anti-cancer research. A multitude of biological activities, including the development of cancer, have been connected to these cyanopyridine and pyridine backbone configurations. Current medical research has focused a great deal of interest on pyridine and cyanopyridine derivatives because of their potential to treat a number of malignant illnesses, including myeloid leukemia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, prostate cancer, and breast cancer [10]. Among the authorized medications having pyridine moiety are Sorafenib, Vismodegib, Crizotinib, and Regorafenib. The pharmacological and therapeutic qualities of pyridine and its derivatives have led to their development and a significant space in synthetic organic chemistry. There are already over 7,000 medications with pyridine as their main ingredient. In contrast, it is anticipated that compounds related to agriculture and pharmaceuticals will require
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