International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | June 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Constructing and Developing a Technology to Capture SO2 from Exhaust Gas Md. Arifur Rahman1†, Md. Tamzid Hossain Rifat2†, Sanjana Fyruj Ananna3†, Palash Chandra Paul4 1†,2†,3†B.Sc. Graduate, Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE), Ahsanullah University of
Science and Technology (AUST), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
4Bachelor of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab
144001, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions pose significant
pollution because of concerns about environmental pollution and its negative effects on ecosystems and public health. Emissions of sulfur dioxide, or SO2, which are mostly caused by industrial processes and the burning of petroleum and other fossil fuels, are a major cause of air pollution and acid rain. In this regard, lowering these environmental issues now depends on removing and absorbing sulfur dioxide. Human-caused emissions in the United States as of 2020 are primarily from burning fuel, accounting for around 1.8 million short tons of sulfur dioxide annually (compared to slightly over 6 million short tons in 2011). The largest emitters of emissions are power plants, commercial and institutional boilers, internal combustion engines, manufacturing, and industrial processes like metal processing and petroleum refining. Diesel engines found in old buses and trucks, locomotives, ships, and off-road equipment like construction vehicles are next in line for emissions. Over the next years, when many of these sources are cleaned up, sulfur dioxide emissions will decrease. This thesis examines the significance of using calcium carbonate to trap sulfur dioxide, with a focus on the project's background, problem statement, aims, and scope. In this context, this report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the SO2 capture process using ionic solutions, highlighting the various aspects of the process from the preparation of the materials to the reactor vessel setup and the efficiency of the system. The report will also discuss the results and recommendations for future research in this area. In a fixed bed reactor, the mechanism of activated carbon-based SO2 removal was studied. On SO2 adsorption, the effects of concentrations of SO2, O2, and H2O as well as adsorption temperature were investigated. The findings indicate that the initial adsorption rate of SO2 rises as SO2 concentration rises, but falls as adsorption temperature rises. For SO2, the reaction order is 0.896 when SO2 is pulled in at 65° C. The initial adsorption rate constant of SO2 and its reaction order steadily decrease as adsorption proceeds. temperature rising and the SO2 initial adsorption stage activation energy of -16.344 kJ/mol, suggesting that SO2 adsorption is unfavorable at higher temperatures on activated carbon, and the rate-limiting step is SO2 adsorption [1].
environmental and health hazards, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. This thesis explores the design and development of a novel SO2 capturing system tailored for scenarios where the availability of pure SO2 is restricted due to regulatory constraints. The absence of pure SO 2 presents a challenge, as conventional absorption methods rely on its direct utilization. However, by leveraging alternative sources and enhancing absorption efficiency, this study proposes a viable solution. The addition of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) to the absorption process is a key component of this study. One easily accessible compound, CaCO3, shows promise as a catalyst for SO2 absorption reactions, making up for the absence of pure SO2. The study methodology includes theoretical modeling, experimental validation, and system optimization to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the enhanced absorption kinetics enabled by CaCO 3. The thesis clarifies the function of CaCO3 in catalyzing the reaction kinetics by first looking at the basic ideas guiding SO 2 absorption mechanisms. By means of extensive testing, the effects of different parameters. The results of this study advance our knowledge of SO2 capture technologies, especially in situations where the availability of pure SO2 is limited. The importance of CaCO3 as a catalyst in SO2 absorption reactions is highlighted in this work, which offers insightful information for the planning and creation of effective and long lasting SO2 mitigation techniques. In the end, the suggested system might provide a viable way to address SO2 emissions and lessen their detrimental effects on the environment and public health. Key Words: Sulphur Dioxide, Emissions, Air pollution, Greenhouse Gases, Industrial Processes, Calcium Carbonate, Ionic Solutions, Environmental Pollution
1. INTRODUCTION Sulfur dioxides, like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are classified as indirect greenhouse gases. Through a chemical process or by altering the Earth's ability to balance radiative radiation, an indirect greenhouse gas contributes to atmospheric warming. A growing number of people are interested in developing workable strategies to lower air
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