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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024

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p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Role of Aerodynamics in Sport Formula F1 car Aayra Nain1, Kavita Chahal2* Heera Lal Public School, Delhi- 110081 Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh- 123029 -------------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract

air and dynamics which means force acting on a moving body, so altogether it means forces acting on the forces acting on a body with its motion in the air [3]. The race car consists of many components, and each component has its significance, through the years of evolution many innovations and changes have occurred in the car, as aerodynamic studies got advanced the cars could go up to a higher speed with the same engine compared to the initial days of the sport [1]. The main aim of aerodynamics in this sport is to reduce the drag, and noise emission and also prevent the unnecessary lift acting on the car. The most complicated and interesting part of this subject is that ‘the downforce and drag are both inversely proportional’ causing the car to slow down one way or the other, that is what aerodynamics helps the most. Since every part of the car is important for the aerodynamics to work engineers spend a lot of time testing each component of the car as well for the testing of the car, it is kept in wind tunnels which creates the exact inverse conditions to produce the adequate amount of minimum drag but at the same time the maximum amount of the downforce [3]. Apart from the car, it is also the driver skill as well as the pit crew efficiency that leads to a win [2]. Since the G forces of the car are high during the city races even the manholes need to be welded down because the downforce affects them and leads to them shooting up in the air if not welded into place. This also makes us concerned about the driver as the downforce is so huge that it causes the driver to lose about 4 kg of mass in just one single race of the sport [1]. The environmental factors play a significant role in the driver i.e., temperature, toxicant exposure, humidity. Some main effects on the driver are the g forces, and the heat (which is inevitable as it is the bioproduct of all the forces acting on the car the temperature is normally from 50°C to 65°C and can also reach up to 82°C depending upon the surroundings and the current temperature of the race track). Now, since a Formula 1 car is an open wheel racing car and the engine is behind the driver. This also leads to the exposure of noise and carbon monoxide side in contrast with heat to the racers. Now the sport also does not allow the teams to refuse their tanks during the race which reduces the health threats to the driver as well as the pit crew in comparison to other racing sports, such as IndyCar and NASCAR. During the sport, the air quality is also decreased due to the exhaust fuse from the race cars and the electric generators used in the garage and put areas,

A Formula One team is allowed to spend a maximum of $135 million (€128m) on materials and activities related to car performance each year, and about 15-20 million dollars alone on the sports car. The engine of this car is expected to last only for 7 races. The most important component of making a Formula One (F 1) car is aerodynamics i.e., the study of forces and the motion of the objects through the air. Now, the study allows us to measure forces that are lift, drag, thrust and downforce. Many technologies used in F1 cars are the same that are used by NASA or SpaceX, would use to design their rockets. Also, it is used in a way that the car goes around the racetrack. Now an F1 car requires two things, make super quick turns and go extremely fast in a straight line. The challenge is that what makes a car good at one makes it harder for the other one, so the car has to do both of the things all together to make it a winning car. In this article we will know the fundamental requirements of the car, covering the aerodynamical part of the manufacturing. Keywords: Formula 1 car, Aerodynamics, Sports car, Forces

INTRODUCTION Formula 1 got its name due to the ‘FORMULA’ which is the rules of the sport established by FIA (Federation Internationale de L’Automobile – International Automobile Federation). The first ever race recorded under the FIA was in the year 1950, marking the beginning of the sport [1]. A Formula One team is allowed to spend a maximum of $135 million (€128m) on materials and activities related to car performance each year, and about 15-20 million dollars alone on the sports car. The engine of this car is expected to last only for 7 races. The sport not only focuses on the driver or the car as an individual respectively but as a whole, both of the factors are important apart from the pit crew also playing a significant role in the race as well [2]. The sport might seem useless and money consuming to many people but despite a lower margin of profit to the teams participating in the race, many huge manufacturers we forced to withdraw themselves from the sport due to the high cost cut off, such as Honda withdrew itself in 2010 [1]. The main concept for a formula car is aerodynamics which helps to attain the speed and stability of the car. Aerodynamics consists of two words aero which means

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