International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024
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p-ISSN: 2395-0072
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ON THE BUCKLING CHARACTERISTICS OF A HYBRID STAINLESS STEEL PLATE GIRDER C. Sonalika1, Rashmi R2 1PG Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, BIT, Karnataka, India
2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, BIT, Karnataka, India
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Abstract - A plate girder is a built-up I-beam section, used
It comes in a range of grades and can be broadly classified into four types: duplex, ferritic, martensitic, and austenitic. In addition, compared to carbon steel, stainless steel exhibits special mechanical qualities such as notable strain hardening, a high strength to weight ratio, remarkable ductility, low maintenance costs, excellent impact and fire resistance, etc. Because of these special qualities, it presents a desirable alternative to conventional carbon steel in the construction industry. However, because of its increased nickel content (8–11% by mass), it has a very high starting cost, which stands in the way of its widespread application as a structural element. Other more affordable stainless-steel types have therefore appeared, like Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) and Lean Duplex Stainless Steel (LDSS), which have lower nickel contents.
for carrying heavy loads which cannot be carried economically by rolled I-sections. To mitigate corrosion damage and minimize fabrication expenses, a hybrid stainless steel girder.is introduced in bridge construction. In this current the hybrid girder combines lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) for the web and duplex stainless steel (DSS) for the flanges, aiming to enhance corrosion resistance and reduce fabrication costs. LDSS, a specific category of stainless steel, has gained popularity as a structural member because of its enhanced corrosion resistance and durability compared to traditional steel. Plate girders feature web holes that serve the purpose of accommodating service, inspection, and maintenance requirements. However, the introduction of openings in the web affects the distribution of stress within the structural member and impacts its collapse behavior.
Compared to austenitic stainless steel, DSS is stronger and more resistant to corrosion and wear. DSS is a desirable primary structural material since it has a stronger grade of stainless steel than other grades. In contrast to DSS, LDSS is a more recent variety of stainless-steel alloy that is distinguished by a lower nickel content and strong mechanical properties, which improves its use's economic viability. Compared to the austenitic type, LDSS has superior fracture toughness, acceptable weldability, greater temperature characteristics, and improved corrosion resistance.
This study focuses on utilizing a finite element model within the ABAQUS which enables the prediction of buckling behavior, stress-strain relationship, and force-displacement characteristics of plate girders with various web openings. The study also involves comparing analytical outcomes related to ultimate load values and load deflection relationships for different web openings providing valuable insights into the performance of plate girders with different web configurations, aiding in their structural design and evaluation.
Modern hybrid carbon steel sections are currently being investigated in research and construction as an affordable alternative to homogeneous steel plate girders.
Key Words: Plate Girder, Hybrid Stainless Steel, ABAQUS, Buckling, Web opening.
1. INTRODUCTION
A plate girder is basically an I-beam built up from three different plates i.e. a central web and two outer flanges, constructed through riveting or welding. It serves as a deep flexural member suitable in situations involving heavy and expansive spans, where traditional rolled sections are economically impractical. One advantage of plate girder is that it provides the flexibility (within defined limits) to select the web and flanges dimensions. Among all rolled sections, plate girders have the highest moment bearing capacity.
Stainless steel is included to the family of corrosion-resistant steel alloys primarily composed of iron (Fe), with at least 10.5% chromium (Cr) by mass. The addition of chromium is what gives stainless steel its remarkable corrosion resistance. Other elements like nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), and manganese (Mn) are often added to enhance specific properties such as strength, durability, hardness, resistance to extreme temperatures and an attractive appearance. Stainless steel is renowned for its versatility and widespread application, owning to its well-established properties, making it essential in various industries and applications.
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A hybrid steel plate girder is formed by incorporating steel flanges with higher strength and a steel web with lower strength, potentially saving up to 15% in costs in contrast to a homogeneous girder.
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