International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024
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p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Design and Performance Analysis of Several Antennas Using CST Md. Mayn Uddin#1, Md. Uzzal Mia#2, Md. Kamruzzaman Sumon#3 1,2,3Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal,
Mymensingh-2224, Bangladesh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------------conformance [2]. Microstrips are used in a variety of Abstract: The demand for smaller, lighter, and higherapplications such as radars, telemetry, aircraft, navigation, radio frequency identification (RFID), biomedical systems, the medical industry, mobile and satellite communications, missile systems, a global positioning system (GPS) for remote sensing, and so on, due to their compact size and planar structure [3]. The patch, substrate, and ground plane are the three essential components of the MPA design. The copper-based component known as the radiating patch is connected to the top layer of the substrate, while the ground plane is connected to the bottom layer, as depicted in Figure 1 [4]. Due to its characteristics and ability to adopt any geometrical shape, MPAs have been one of the best candidates for wireless applications. MPAs are divided into four categories [5]. These antennas can be designed and shaped based on the parameters. Patch antennas are available in several shapes, including rectangles, squares, triangles, and circles. A comparison of various patch antenna shapes is included [6]. Circular and rectangular MPAs are popular due to their construction and wide range of applications, providing feedline flexibility, a wide frequency range, and increased bandwidth. Each change in the patch's design can result in a new application. This study introduces a new circular antenna approach that uses aperture-coupled line feeding as described in the reference [7].
performance antennas in communication systems has increased. Microstrip antennas are one of the most common antenna types that can suit these requirements. They have numerous advantages, including small size, ease of fabrication, and low cost. In addition to these benefits, they have drawbacks, such as limited bandwidth. The performance parameters of antennas, such as directivity, voltage standing wave ratio, S-parameter, gain, and directivity, have been calculated and compared. The copper-coated substrate material is FR-4 lossy with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.5 mm, and the design frequency is 2.4 and 8-12GHz. The feeding mechanism utilized is a 50-ohm microstrip feed line. This paper compares five types of antennas: rectangular microstrip patch antenna, circular patch antenna, dipole antenna, array antenna, and double T shape microstrip patch antenna. We aim to achieve higher gain and efficiency while minimizing the size and cost. Therefore, we are carefully choosing to construct an antenna with a specific frequency and wavelength to meet the required gain and efficiency. The antenna has three slots, one on the ground plane and two on the patch. CST Microwave studio tools replicate the desired patch antenna design. We have used CST microwave tools software to implement this proposed model and achieve good results. Our utmost effort has been made to achieve optimum accuracy.
Based on performance, a circular and rectangular antenna operating in the X band at a resonant frequency of 10 GHz are compared [8], with the rectangular patch antenna outperforming the circular. For a variety of uses, microstrip antennas can also be constructed in the forms of E, Z, T, S, H, and F [9], which describes four different shaped antennas and their outcomes. The examination of changes in antenna properties due to form change is presented. A T-shaped device that can switch its polarization in both directions i.e. left and right circular polarization [10]. For wireless communication systems, the designed antenna primarily targets the IEEE 802.11b/g frequency spectrum (2.4-2.5GHz). With symmetry on two polarization modes, 8.7 dB maximum gain and 7.1% bandwidth effectiveness are achieved. It behaves as an internal antenna. Its principal application is with microwave frequencies. A patch antenna is similar to a
Keywords - Antennas, Gain, Directivity, S-parameter, Polar Plot, VSWR.
1. INTRODUCTION Today's digital communication systems require compare, compatible, and affordable antennas. An antenna is an electrical inducer, that converts electromagnetic waves into electrical signals. An antenna produces radiation. When the current inside the conductor is altered, radiations occur by directly increasing or reducing the current wire. This results in a discontinuity within the conductor causing the antenna emitting [1]. Microstrip patch antennas have several advantages over traditional antennas, including reduced weight, volume, and cost, a lower profile, smaller dimensions, easy manufacture, and
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