International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 11 Issue: 05 | May 2024
www.irjet.net
e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
DESIGN OF FRACTAL WIDEBAND ANTENNA BY USING WIND DRIVEN OPTIMIZATION P.ROHIT 1, V.PAVANI 2, T.JYOTHI KUMARI 3, DR. M.SATYANARAYANA4 1Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,Chaitanya College of Engineering,
JNTU-GV University, Vishakhapatnam, India
2Assosciate Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,Chaitanya College of
Engineering, JNTU-GV University, Vishakhapatnam, India
3Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,Chaitanya College of Engineering,
JNTU-GV University, Vishakhapatnam, India
4 Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering
Autonomous, Vizianagaram, India -------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract— Antennas with these qualities are in high demand these days: they must be compact, low profile, multiband, or broad band. Since communication technology has advanced over the past 10 years, there has been a rise in the need for wideband, multiband, affordable, and compact antennas. These specifications can be met with the use of fractal antenna designs. Patch antennas in the current world use fractal shapes to obtain huge bandwidth and various other beneficial properties. In wireless communication, Ultra-Wideband Patch antennas are in high demand. This paper presents a low profile Sierpinski fractal antenna for wide band applications. The suggested antenna's design increases its impedance band width and radiation efficiency by enclosing Sierpinski Fractals within a 1 mm-wide circular ring. A micro-strip feed line supplies the suggested antenna, which has dimensions of 29 x 28 x 1.6 and a radiation efficiency of 92%. The antenna operates in the frequency range of 2.0 to 14.3 GHz. Over the working WB range, the radiation pattern remains constant. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is used for the design and simulation of the Sierpinski fractal Wideband antenna. FR-4 Substrate is used for fabrication, and Vector Network Analyzer is used for testing. Ultimately, Wind-Driven Optimization (WDO) was to be used in order to create this proposed Sierpinski Fractal Wideband Antenna.
Many resonances are available with a self-similar fractal antenna. The characteristics of fractal WB antennas are low resonance, unidirectional radiation pattern, and wide band phenomena. Fractal Wideband antennas are utilized extensively for ultra wide band applications because of their appealing properties. The narrow band width operation is first provided by designing a circular ring with a width of 1 mm. Radiation is created when fractals are added to antennas, allowing for the existence of unique current distributions. Consequently, the presented fractal antenna will have an extremely wide band width. Utilizing Sierpinski Fractals within the circular ring yields an exceptionally broad band. Improved radiation properties are also obtained by including sierpinski fractals within the ring. The core region of the patch has fractals etched into it, which may not have a significant impact on the radiation properties. More fractals are incorporated to achieve good radiation properties and a wide band width. An antenna that increases the perimeter, or the length of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation, within a given total surface area or volume is known as a fractal antenna. This type of antenna uses a fractal, self-similar design. These fractal antennas, also called multilevel and space-filled curves, are characterized primarily by their capacity to repeat a motif over two or more scale sizes, or "iterations." For this reason, fractal antennas are incredibly small, multiband or wideband, and helpful in microwave and cellular communications.
Index Terms—Fractal Antenna, Ultra Wide Band (UWB), Sierpenski Fractals, Wind Driven Optimization
I.
Introduction
Using radio transmission, broadband technology uses very little power to send large volumes of digital data over short distances over a wide band width of 7.5 GHz, which varies from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. It meets the requirements for wireless applications, including highspeed data transfer and short-range radars. For a Wideband antenna to provide excellent impedance matching and generate high gain radiation in the desired direction, a broad operational band width is required.
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