International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 05 | May 2024
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ANALYSIS OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IN MEDICAL FIELD Munibul Haque1, Md Imtiyaz2 1B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Evening) Scholar, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth,
Faridabad, Haryana, India
2B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Evening) Scholar, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth,
Faridabad, Haryana, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Because no cutting tools are used, the fabrication process is Abstract – Additive manufacturing is a rapidly evolving
also commonly referred to as the tool less process [3]. Other techniques like laser forming (Incremental sheet forming) are similarly used in the customization of medical products to build structures layer by layer but they cannot be considered as AM techniques as they add the form rather than the material. By adding materials without deleting them, AM maximizes material savings. Since the inception of the Stereolithography apparatus (SLA) based 3D printing in the 1980s as a tool of rapid prototyping, many other variants of the technology emerged based on the source of power (electron beam, laser, etc.), the material type (ceramic, metal, and plastic), and the configuration or state of the feedstock (filament, resin, powder, bar). The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) committee ASTM F42Additive Manufacturing [4] has categorized AM techniques into seven broad groups as illustrated in Figure 1. further illustrates the material processing technique used to deposit the printing layers in each of the standardized categories.
manufacturing technology bringing numerous and wide opportunities for the design team involved in the process by creating intricate and customized products with saving labor, time, and other expenses. Innovative AM methods and numerous practical applications in aerospace, automotive, medical, energy, and other industries have been developed and commercialized through extensive research over the last two decades. One embraced industry among others that benefited from the advances of AM is the healthcare industry. This paper focuses on addressing the challenges and opportunities in Additive manufacturing for healthcare. Although there are advanced possibilities in AM, there are also numerous issues needed to be overcome. The paper is based upon the current state of the art review and study visits. The purpose of this work has been to identify the opportunities and limitations associated with additive manufacturing in healthcare applications and to highlight the identified research needs. Keywords: Additive manufacturing, healthcare applications, 3D printing, Testing materials etc.
1. INTRODUCTION The most advanced technology, additive manufacturing (AM) is used for manufacturing intricate geometries and structures by building layer-upon-layer utilizing 3D model data [1]. In contrast to traditional subtractive technologies, which produce components by removing material from a bigger raw part, AM techniques fabricate components by adding a material single layer at a time. Since the part is built based on the cross-section of the geometry of the part, AM significant lowers material waste, shortens the manufacturing time, and removes the requirement for the majority of manual procedures that require a skill. For instance, it is reported that by adopting AM methods rather than conventional machining, raw material wastage in the metal industry was decreased by up to 40% [2]. Though the technology is referred to as additive manufacturing due to its current role as a method of fabrication of functional parts, the technology, in other contexts, is also referred to as 3D printing, rapid prototyping and manufacturing, digital fabrication (manufacturing), layer manufacturing, desktop manufacturing, on-demand manufacturing, direct manufacturing, and solid free from manufacturing, which are all the terms used to describe additive manufacturing.
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Figure 1. The seven standardized categories of additive manufacturing techniques Among the earlier users of the innovative solutions that AM provides, we find the aerospace industry, the automotive industry, the energy sector, and the medical sector. In the last mentioned, in particular, many breakthroughs have been occurred in the medical field using the design freedom it provides. Among others, AM has advanced and continues to immensely advance medical applications, with bioprinting cardiovascular applications, such as 3D-printed heart valves, being the current focus of this method [5-7]. While the basic principles of additive manufacturing haven't changed, there
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