International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 05 | May 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Fluoride Removal From Drinking Water Using Neem Powder As The Adsorbent Dheeraj K V1, Varsha Ashokan2 1 PG student, Environmental engineering in Department of Civil Engineering, M-Dasan Institute of Technology
Ulliyeri, Kerala, India
2 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, M-Dasan Institute of Technology Ulliyeri, Kerala, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY Abstract – Pollution of drinking water due to presence of fluoride can be mitigated using various methods like adsorption.The neem powder being a natural adsorbent can be used for this purpose which is cheaper and highly effective. This paper discusses the effect of adsorbent size, adsorbent dosage, initial fluoride concentration, contact time, pH of neem powder for treating the drinking water with fluoride concentration of 1 ppm,3 ppm, 5 ppm and 7 ppm..
The adsorbent materials used are Azadirachta indica leaf powder commonly known as neem powder . It is commonly used medicinal herb used for treating various diseases and are easily available. Here the adsorbents is tested for fluoride removal efficiency. For chemical treatment take 10 g of neem powder and add 100 mL of 0.4 N H2SO4 and 20 ml of 30% formaldehyde. This mixture is kept at a constant temperature of 50° C for 3 hours. Then neem powder is washed with distilled water to remove the acid and formaldehyde. Then it is kept in hot air oven to remove moisture.. This is designated as neem powder chemically treated with sulphuric acid and formaldehyde. The neem powder is sun dried to remove moisture. The dried powder is sieved to get the particles having size 150µm-700 µm.
Key Words: Adsorbent size, adsorbent dosage ,fluoride removal efficiency(FRE), neem powder, initial Fluoride concentration, contact time, effect of pH
1.INTRODUCTION Drinking water is often the main source of fluoride intake by humans, especially in areas where their concentrations in groundwater and/or surface water is high. Endemic fluorosis is present in at least 20 states of India, affecting more than 65 million people including 6 million children. Fluoride ion (F) concentrations in India’s groundwater vary widely, ranging from 0.01 mg/L to 48 mg/L. Defluoridation of ground water and supply of safe drinking water is the only immediate solution to this problem. The present investigation is an attempt towards a feasible solution. Fluoride is a health affecting substance. The physiological effects of fluoride ingestion on human health have been studied extensively. The acceptable fluoride concentration in drinking water is generally in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mgl-1. Concentration higher than that affects the metabolism of elements such as Ca, P in human body and lead to dental and skeletal fluorosis. The fluoride content of soils varies from under 20 to several thousand ppm, the higher records being mostly from areas with bedded phosphate on fluoride deposits. Fluoride is present in the soil and rock formation in the form of fluorapatite, fluorspar, amphiboles and micas weathering rock alkali contribute fluoride natural waters . The fluoride present in these minerals is substituted by (OH--) ion under redox conditions resulting in the release of fluoride ions to the circulating waters. Therefore this paper discusses a simple adsorption method using neem powder as the adsorbent to treat F rich water before using it for drinking purposes.
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Here the SPADNS spectrometric method is used for the experiment.
3. BATCH STUDY In batch study we consider the effect of adsorbent size,adsorbent dosage,initial fluoride concentration,contact time,pH of neem powder for treating the drinking water with fluoride concentration of 1 ppm,3 ppm, 5 ppm and 7 ppm respectively.Here we consider neem powder with adsorbent sizes of 150 µm,300 µm and 600 µm.The adsorbent dosage range is from 3 g/l to 17 g/l,the contact time ranges from 30 min. to 200 min. and pH ranges from 6 to 9 respectively.
3.1 Effect of Adsorbent Size The adsorbent sizes used are 150 µm,300, µm 600 µm and adsorbent dosage is 3 g/l,5 g/l and 7 g/l respectively for fluoride concentrations of 1 ppm,3ppm,5 ppm and 7 ppm.
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