International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY IN FUEL CELL & IC ENGINE VEHICLES Mrunal Dipak Kulkarni1, Kishor Jadhav2 1Design Engineer, Clean Mobility, Pune, India
2Engineering Head, Clean Mobility, Pune, India
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Abstract - As the world moves towards clean mobility, there
production of hydrogen are a part of concern which we could deal with in the near future when this technology would come in mass production.
is a demand for low-emission vehicles. Vehicles running on gasoline and diesel cause a lot of pollution, and switching the fuel to hydrogen might bring a major revolution. Hydrogen when used in fuel cells and IC engines is the most viable solution to clean mobility. But the real challenge to this vehicle system is the integrated efficient storage. Hydrogen tanks store hydrogen in all vehicle types under high pressure and supply it to the fuel cells or IC engine. The major concern is regarding safety, so the tanks are built using various layers of materials and the tank goes through a series of tests which build up the resistance in such a way that they can sustain any high speed crash.
Hydrogen when used in internal combustion engine aligns the goals of reducing the emissions and providing a reliable and efficient alternative. Hydrogen internal combustion engine run on lean mixtures having an air to fuel ratio of 34:1. Hydrogen has a high energy content, making it reliable and potential fuel for internal combustion and serving improved efficiency and power output. This paper would give a review about the integration of hydrogen technology in fuel cells and internal combustion engines with its features, opportunities and challenges.
Hydrogen when used in fuel cells causes zero emission, so the vehicles running on hydrogen fuel cells are very quiet, highly efficient, reliable, and provide the best fuel economy. Hydrogen in IC engines helps to reduce the emissions drastically while having parts modular with IC and SI engines which provides a great advantage for cost reduction and delivering the required reliability. Also, that this engine can run on lean mixtures.
2. HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS Hydrogen fuel cells are driven by an electrochemical reaction in which hydrogen and oxygen produce electricity with heat and water as the only by-product. Fuel cell is a combination of an anode, cathode and electrolyte membrane where hydrogen splits at anode to hydrogen ions and oxygen is reduced at cathode that generates current.
So switching from conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles to hydrogen powered vehicles would be the most sustainable option for future automotive industry to reach zero emission vehicles. Key Words: Hydrogen, Hydrogen Storage System, Hydrogen Fuel Cells, Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine
1.INTRODUCTION Integration of hydrogen technology in automobiles is a
promising avenue for cleaner energy alternative and environmental sustainability. Hydrogen is a clean, abundant element which has taken the market attention in the race of sustainable transportation solutions. Hydrogen when integrated with fuel cells and internal combustion engine could make one of the best emission free solutions.
Fig -1: Hydrogen Fuel Cell The electrochemical reaction conducted as follow: Hydrogen splits into positive ions and negative ions, H2 → 2H+ + 2ePositive ions pass through the electrolyte exchange membrane whereas the negative ions follow a different path through a circuit generating electricity and heat. At the Cathode, The positive ions cross the membrane and the oxygen from the air combine to form water, 2H+ + 2e- + ½ O2 → H2O
The fuel cells in FCEVs function as an electrochemical device which converts the chemical energy of the fuel to electric energy. The paper will delve into the architecture of how fuel cells are integrated vehicles and its power train. The fuel cell technology provides a lot of advantages of energy efficiency, fuel economy, fast refueling, extended range as compared to batterie electric vehicles, etc. Also, this technology faces a few challenges, the hurdles of infrastructure, cost, and the
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