International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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COMPARITIVE STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE, EMISSION & COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL & BIODIESEL BLENDS FROM PONGOMIA PINNATA OIL Abhinav R 1, Dharaneesh M 1, Ayyappan P R 2 Under Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1
Abstract - IC engine is the innovation that revolutionized
temperature rose at an average rate of about 0.13°C per decade, almost twice as fast as the increase of 0.07°C per decade observed over the past 50 years. The global average temperature will increase by about 0.2°C per decade over the next two decades. The warming imbalance caused by greenhouse gases will gradually overcome the thermal inertia of the oceans, and the projected temperature paths will start to diverge with unchecked carbon emissions, leading to several additional degrees of warming by the end of the century [4]. There is a 50% rise in the price of diesel over the past 8 years in India. India’s energy demand is projected to be 1,464 million tonnes of oil equivalent by 2035. The Paris Agreement (concluded in December 2015 by 196 countries) aims to keep the global temperature rise in the twenty-first century below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase preferably to 1.5 °C. India has committed to reduce its emission intensity till 2030 by 30–35% below the 2005 levels. PAT (Perform, Achieve and Trade) scheme, upscaling of renewable energy target to 40% by 2030, targeting a changeover to 100% electric vehicles (EVs) by 2030 and the recent announcement to replace all government vehicles with EVs [2]. Finding alternative sources for the existing system is a key to achieve sustainable goals in advance. Ethanol and hydrogen powered vehicles stand next to EVs in future mobility. Biodiesel is also viable and cost effective source that can match the prevalent outcome.
self-propelling machines. Due to the inflating price of petroleum and its derivatives, new ways of enhancing fuel and the system are currently the eyes of the market. The main agenda of this work is using Pongomia Pinnata oil as a substitute of diesel and evaluating the variations in engine characteristics. A 4-stroke single cylinder diesel typeKIRLOSKAR AV1 engine with eddy current dynamometer setup is installed for the performance study. Biodiesel blends of D100, B10, B20, B30, B50 are the scope of study, involving the conversion of Pungai oil using esterification process. A DAQ system is installed for controlling the load acting on the engine and for speed, temperature, combustion calculations. Valve timing diagram of the engine is illustrated. Fuel properties like calorific value, absolute viscosity, flash and fire point are calculated from digital bomb calorimeter, Redwood viscometer and flash point apparatus. Power, speed and efficiency of engine using biodiesel blends are computed for various load conditions. Heat losses are calculated. Using Combustion Analyzer software, values of pressure, volume and heat release rate are calculated for corresponding crank angles. Smoke opacity values are computed using AVL SMOKEMETER and CO, HC, CO2, NO emissions are computed using AVL DIGAS 444N analyzer. Engine characteristic curves are plotted and explicated for results. Key Words: Pongomia Pinnata, KIRLOSKAR AV1, Biodiesel, transesterification, DAQ, bomb calorimeter, Redwood viscometer, Combustion Analyzer, AVL SMOKEMETER, AVL DIGAS 444N analyzer.
Pongamia Pinnata also known as Derris Indica is a medium sized medicinal plant widely distributed throughout tropical Asia, Seychelles Islands, South Eastern Asia, Australia, India and locally distributed throughout Maharashtra (India). The seeds contain about 28–34% oil with high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids [10]. Cropping of pods and single almond sized seeds can occur by 4-6 years and yields 9-90 kg’s of seed. The yield potential per hectare is 900 to 9000 Kg/Hectare. As per statics available, Pongamia oil has a potential of 135000 million tonnes per annum and only 6% is being utilized. Methyl esters (biodiesel) are clean burning fuel with no sulfur emission. They are non-corrosive and are produced at low pressure and temperature conditions giving methyl ester (80%) and glycerin (20%) as a byproduct. Although its heat of
1. INTRODUCTION Innovations prevail to be the sole-reasons of comforting human lives from ages. Some innovations stand out to be the key for rapid evolution and new scope of research. IC engines are one of the kind. However, there are some drawbacks like rise in oil price, future of oil and its unsustainability. Between 1970 and 2002, global emission of CO2 increased over 70%. The anthropogenic emission of CO2 has been the major source of CO2 emission to the atmosphere with fossil fuel combustion engines and coalfired power plants as the major contributor. The global
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