International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES USED IN AUTOMOTIVE Manoj Kumar Bhati1, Dr. D.K. Bhalla2 1B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering (Evening) Scholar, School of Mechanical Engineering, Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth,
Faridabad, Haryana, India
2Professor and LEET Coordinator B.Tech., M.Tech., PhD, FIE in Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth, Faridabad, Haryana, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------withdraw from the race; apart from Holden-ECO, SR has not Abstract- This essay offers an assessment of the electrical
been used in this application. This is due to the fact that the primary difficulties with SR machines are poor power density and torque ripple, both of which are necessary for the automobile industry, as well as the demand for an unusual converter, which raises the drive's overall cost. Additionally, the IM and DC have decreased; at this point, they are only found in Tesla and Renault, respectively. With the majority of electric motors, including those seen in the most recent 2016 Model S from Tesla, the PM has dominated the automobile industry. Automotive applications have used a variety of PM machine topologies, including as internal (IPM), surface-mounted (SPM), and PM-assisted synchronous reluctance (SynRel-PM) [1]. The need for PM material is a significant obstacle even with the widespread use of PM equipment in the automobile industry. Consequently, decreased PM design strategies have been put out and used in the most recent technology. For automotive applications, other permanent magnet types as ferrite and AlNiCo have also been thoroughly investigated [2]. As a result, 10 distinct electrical machine designs that are based on machines found in various EVs and HEVs have been chosen for comparison in this research. The purpose of the research is to assess the various electrical machines' topologies, structures, operating environments, and overall performance. Apart from electromagnetic performance, comparisons have also been made between mechanical and thermal outcomes. Furthermore, by using them in the contrasted machines, many cutting-edge design strategies have been investigated and researched. In order to fulfil future automotive objectives, this research investigates the feasibility of pushing the existing boundaries of electrical machinery.
machine needs for automobiles, both in terms of existing and future technology. Initially, 10 distinct electrical machines are compared using market-available electric and hybrid automobiles as the basis. The comparison's objective is to assess the various electrical machine topologies, structures, operational environments, and performance. Several cuttingedge electrical machine design methodologies have been investigated and researched by using them in the 10 machines that are being compared, and the future design needs of electrical machines in automotive are offered. The study's result demonstrates that, among the many electrical machine topologies, permanent magnet topologies perform the best and may be able to accommodate future demands. Additionally, in order to enable electrical devices to run with the necessary power density aim, aggressive cooling techniques like as spray, dripping, semi- or completely flooded, are required. Lastly, it seems that future electrical machines may adopt the design to recycle principle with little to no performance loss. Key words: Electric vehicle, automobile, and electrical machine electric vehicle
1. INTRODUCTION Ever since the GM EV1 introduced electrical cars (EVs) to the market in 1996, the automobile industry has acknowledged the potential of this technology to replace internal combustion engines (ICMs). However, the EV1's performance and cost were incomparable to those of the ICM cars because to the infancy of the electrical motor and battery technology at the time. However, because of the worrisome rates of climate change and the ensuing regulations, electrification of transport became a requirement rather than a choice. In order to prevent a drastic shift and to allow for the advancement of battery and motor technologies, the automobile industry has introduced engine electrification and hybrid electrical vehicles (HEVs) as a means of making incremental progress towards clean vehicle technology. Upon examining EV and HEV products from their launch in 1996 until the late 2010s, all of the established topologies—DC field rotor (DC), induction machine (IM), switching reluctance (SR), and permanent magnet (PM)—have been found in automotive applications [1]. As far as the author is aware, SR is the first topology to
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2. A review of various electrical machine kinds based on market research Ten cars, including hybrids and fully electric models, are shown in Table 1; their electric motors have been chosen for comparison in this section. The cross section and winding arrangement of the 10 machines are shown in Figure 1. The selection of the machines was based on the availability of their information in the literature [3–15]. The chosen machines feature rotor topologies with DC, IM, and PM, SPM, IPM, and SynRel-PM for PM machines, and one design (based on the Chevrolet Volt 2) with ferrite. The ANSYS package is
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