International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
SELF-BALANCING TWO WHEELER USING GYROSCOPE Vishrut Jaiswal1, Siddhesh Kadam2, Pratik Koli3, Harsh Patil4 1,2,3,4 Students, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, India
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Abstract - Ensuring the stability of a two-wheeled vehicle is
This paper showcases a vehicle where all parts (mechanical, electrical) are custom-designed, manufactured, assembled, and tested. This vehicle is environmentally friendly, runs on batteries, and is user-friendly.
crucial in the modern transportation system. Gyroscopes are key in helping stabilize these vehicles. There is a belief that vehicles stabilized by gyroscopes would be safer than traditional two-wheelers. To achieve this dynamic stability, the torque on the vehicle must be counteracted by the torque generated by the gyroscope within the vehicle. In this case, the gyroscope acts as an actuator rather than a sensor, utilizing precession forces. When force is applied to a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of a gyroscope, making it spin around, a force is created around a third axis, which is at right angles to both the force and rotation axes. As the vehicle leans away from the upright position, a force that induces precession is applied to the gyroscope unit and the counteracting gyroscopic reaction force will move to stabilize the vehicle. The main concept is that the movement of the gyroscope about the body is purposely managed to produce a stabilizing force. Our team created a self-balancing twowheeler using an inverted pendulum principle. The project involved designing the model in software, fabricating it, assembling it, and conducting thorough testing.
1.1 Scope The problem with a traditional bike is that it requires the rider to maintain balance through constant adjustments of body position and steering. Hence, we need to develop a selfbalancing bike that should be able to maintain balance when subjected to external disturbances, such as wind, and should also be able to respond quickly to rider input, such as steering and acceleration. The project will need to address several key challenges including adjusting the motor torque in real-time, and the design of a lightweight and durable mechanical structure.
1.2 Objective Motorcycles are a widely used form of transportation across the world due to their energy efficiency, compact design, convenience, and stylish appearance. Many young people see them as a trendy way to get around, while in developing countries, they are often used as affordable, fuelefficient vehicles. However, despite their popularity, motorcycles lack safety features and are considered highrisk vehicles. This leads to fatal accidents, with injuries being common and death a frequent outcome. One major safety issue with motorcycles is that the passenger's body is exposed during the ride, making them vulnerable to impacts with roadside objects.
Key Words: Stability, Two-wheeled vehicle, Gyroscopes, Torque, Inverted pendulum
1. INTRODUCTION There are many different types of two-wheeled vehicles with parallel spin axis, commonly used for transportation or recreation. Lighter vehicles with smaller engines are generally more affordable compared to heavier models and are a popular choice for transportation in many Asian countries. Unfortunately, a large number of road accidents involve these types of vehicles. Despite significant investments in manufacturing and developing advanced technology for motorbikes, road safety ultimately relies on the skills and judgment of the rider. Accidents often occur when the rider loses control of the bike and falls. Additionally, children learning to ride bicycles may be hesitant due to a fear of falling.
2. METHODOLOGY
The device operates using an inverted pendulum concept and utilizes electromechanical parts to function as a personal vehicle. It is a two-wheeled, self-balancing mode of transportation that is complex and inherently unstable. Managing this type of system is a challenging task, leading to ongoing research. [8]
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Define the project requirements: Determine the purpose, target audience, and specific requirements of the selfbalancing bike project.
Research the state of the art: Explore the latest technologies, components, and materials used in selfbalancing bikes, as well as their strengths and weaknesses.
Design the self-balancing system: Develop a selfbalancing control algorithm that can maintain the bike's balance using sensors and actuators.
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