International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | April 2024
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e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Comprehensive Analysis of Physicochemical, Rheological, Tribological and Thermal characteristics of Transesterified Grape seed oil, Neem oil and Waste cooking oil for environment friendly lubricant applications Prasanth M A1, Rahul Ravi2 1,2Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toc H Institute of Science and Technology,
Arakkunnam, Ernakulam - 682313, Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract - This study provides a thorough examination of transesterified grape seed oil (TGSO), neem oil (TNO), and waste cooking oil (TWCO) as potential biolubricants. The oils were chemically changed via a transesterification technique to produce their corresponding methyl esters. The physicochemical, rheological, and tribological properties of both modified and untreated oils were thoroughly examined. The physicochemical investigation found that transesterification generally improved oil characteristics. TWCO had lower acid value (0.53 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (1.87 meq/kg), tox value (4.27), and density (0.734 g/cm³) than untreated waste cooking oil (WCO). TGSO and GSO had lower acid and peroxide levels, indicating higher oxidative stability. The rheological properties, particularly the viscosity-temperature relationship, were also examined in this study. WCO had considerably higher viscosity values over the temperature range, whereas transesterified oils had lower viscosities. Tribological studies were carried out to determine the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear scar diameter (WSD). WCO had the lowest COF (0.0372) and WSD (541.009 μm), indicating enhanced lubrication and wear resistance. However, transesterified oils had greater COF and WSD values than their untreated counterparts, indicating a possible trade-off between oxidative stability and tribological performance. Thermal performance and energy efficiency were assessed using the flash temperature parameter (FTP) and energy consumption (TE). GSO had the highest FTP value (71.78), showing greater thermal stability, whereas WCO had the highest TE value (0.0525), indicating increased energy consumption. The study concludes that transesterification can increase the physicochemical qualities of vegetable oils, but it may impair tribological performance. Waste cooking oil had appealing tribological capabilities due to its high viscosity and polar components, but its physicochemical properties were quite poor. The thermal conductivities of unmodified oils were higher than that of the chemically modified oils. WCO was found to have the highest thermal conductivity and the least thermal conductivity was observed for TGSO. Lubricant compositions should be optimised by balancing their physicochemical and tribological qualities using additive packages or blending procedures. Key Words: Transesterification, Totox Value, Flash Temperature Parameter, Energy Consumption, Thermal Conductivity.
1.INTRODUCTION Lubricants have a significant role in reducing friction between surfaces in contact. Bio lubricants manufactured from vegetable oils such as soybean, sunflower, and rapeseed offer an environmentally benign alternative to petroleum-based lubricants. These bio lubricants have a higher viscosity than mineral oils and provide benefits such as biodegradability, renewable resources and improved anti-friction qualities. However, some constraints, such as low oxidation stability and heat stability, must be addressed. Several research investigations have looked into how these bio lubricants are made, their properties, and the challenges that they confront. Grape seed oil (GSO), a byproduct of the wine industry, has numerous potential applications in healthcare and beyond. Packed with beneficial nutrients and compounds that act as antioxidants, grape seed oil is being explored as a source of nutraceuticals [1]. Researchers have also investigated its lubricating properties, particularly when combined with SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The findings revealed that this blend of grapeseed oil and nanoparticles exhibited exceptional tribological properties, making it a promising environmentally friendly lubricant [2]. Additionally, studies have explored alternative uses for grape seed oil that do not involve consumption. One such study demonstrated that grape seed oil can be transformed into eco-friendly materials. Two specific processes were examined: converting grape seed oil into biodiesel when mixed with methanol, which remains liquid in cold temperatures, and adding oxygen to grape seed oil through an epoxidation reaction. Both processes have the potential to create biodegradable lubricants. Grape seed oil holds promise in creating eco-friendly lubricants that can easily decompose [3]. Additionally, this oil has proven to be advantageous for the skin and is free of any scent or flavour, making it a popular choice for natural personal care products [4]. As a result, grape seed oil has demonstrated its versatility and potential in a range of applications, especially as a
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