International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design and Implementation of Compact Planar Array Antenna for Ultra-wide band Applications J. Jaya Keerthana1, M. Anupama Latha2, M. V. S. Kathik3, M. Manikanta4, M. Raghavendra Rao5 1Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Seshadri Rao Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru 2,3,4,5Student, Department of ECE, , Seshadri Rao Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------towards enhancing ultra-wideband antennas in terms of Abstract - Ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas have
both size reduction and wider bandwidth. This field has emerged as a key area of focus for research in recent times. Planar antennas are extensively utilized in the realm of ultra-wideband due to their cost-effectiveness, compact design, low profile, and broad impedance bandwidth. However, during the antenna design phase, factors such as stability of antenna pattern, radiation efficiency, and antenna volume must also be taken into account, posing challenges in the development of ultrawideband antennas.
recently gained prominence in communication, radar technology, and electronic warfare domains. The quick development of these antennas is due to the wide bandwidth requirements of pulse radar, ground penetrating radar, electromagnetic compatibility, spaceborne communication systems, stealth target detection, and more. Aiming to address the defects of existing UWB antennas, which often have narrow bandwidth and low gain, a planar ultra-wideband microstrip array antenna can be designed to achieve good ultra-wideband characteristics and effectively improve the gain of the antenna by loading multiple steps on monopole patch, defected ground structure and implementing array with different feedings. The initial bandwidth of the rectangular monopole antenna was 10GHz–20GHz. After loading multiple steps on the monopole patch, the bandwidth was increased to between 10 and 45GHz. Using the new ultra-wideband array method that combines series feed and angle feed and the defective ground structure (DGS), the array maintains the ultrawide bandwidth span of 10–45GHz of the array element, and the maximum gain of the antenna in the bandwidth was increased from 4.72dBi to 9.34dBi. The challenge of impedance matching of antenna units in ultra-wideband is resolved by the novel array technique, which also increases the antenna’s gain within the bandwidth. The antenna simulation is consistent with the measurement results. With its extensive operating frequency band, high gain, compactness, and favorable radiation attributes, this newly designed antenna holds significant promise for application in UWB radar systems.
Researchers have extensively studied ways to enhance the bandwidth of microstrip antennas, valued for their small size and flat profile. Techniques include altering patch shapes, adding slots or grounding structures, and using defective structures. In the studies [1-4], various designs like U-shaped slots, E-shaped patches, and stacked patches have been explored. For example, Majidzadeh et al. [5] introduced a quasi-square patch with steps and a rectangular slot, achieving a bandwidth from 2.78 GHz to 19.38 GHz. Another study [6], featured a broadband printed monopole antenna with a peak gain of 4.1 dBi across the entire UWB spectrum. Other designs, like [7], a rectangular microstrip patch with truncated corners, achieved bandwidths from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz with gains up to 3.3 dBi. Nevertheless, monopole microstrip antennas often demonstrate limited gain across the entire bandwidth. In order to enhance the gain of the UWB antenna, it is essential to employ an array configuration of microstrip antenna elements. However, the overall bandwidth of the microstrip antenna array, formed by connecting each unit with the microstrip line, is affected due to the constrained bandwidth of the microstrip line itself. Consequently, it is valuable to investigate methods of utilizing a microstrip antenna array to augment gain without significantly compromising antenna bandwidth.
Key Words:
Ultra-wideband antennas, defective ground structure (DGS), Array Antenna,
1.INTRODUCTION: Ultra-wideband antennas play a crucial role in UWB radar systems and are indispensable microwave components in UWB wireless technology. The rapid progress in ultrawideband antenna technology is primarily motivated by the increasing need for wide bandwidth in applications like pulse radar, ground penetrating radar, electromagnetic compatibility, spaceborne communication systems, stealth target detection, and more. With the advancement of electronics and information technology, there is a noticeable shift
© 2024, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.226
Current research on planar UWB arrays focuses on series feed[8], parallel feed[9-18], fractional and Fibonacci arrays[19,20], and MIMO arrays[21]. The series feed structure has limited bandwidth, requiring adjustments like extending the feed point into the patch and optimizing feeder-patch distance. In [8], a three-series log-periodic antenna achieved a bandwidth of 12.2 GHz to 21.71 GHz with increased gain. Another study[12] utilized a UC-EBG structure and parallel feeding for a wearable antenna array
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 1081