International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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BIO-CNG: Renewable Energy from Biomass Prapti Hanumant Sutar1 1Under graduate student, Dr. D.Y Patil Institute of Engineering, Management and Research, Akurdi ,Dist-pune
Maharashtra, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Increasing consumption of fossil fuels and environmental concern has led to increased use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in the transportation sector. Keeping in view limited resources of CNG, biogas is advised as potential fuel to provide continuous supply of CNG in the form of bioCNG. Various technologies, that is, physical and chemical absorption (using water and amine solutions, respectively, for the absorption of carbon dioxide), pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic separation, are available for purifying biogas and thus upgrading it, to bioCNG with about 95% methane. Among these, water scrubbing and pressure swing adsorption are the best technologies with respect to various aspects including cost; however, suitability of a technology is decided by various factors including size/quantity of biogas generation, targeted quality of biogas, site of application, and economics of process. Key Words: purification.
CBG has calorific value and other properties similar to CNG and hence can be utilized as green renewable automotive fuel. Thus, it can replace CNG in automotive, industrial and commercial areas, given the abundance biomass availability within the country. 1.1 Policy Support The National Policy on Bio-Fuels 2018 has been made public by the Indian government by gazette notice no. 33004/99, dated 8.6.18. The program places a strong emphasis on promoting advanced biofuels,such as CBG. The Government of India launched the Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan (GOBAR-DHAN) project to transform solid waste and cattle dung in farms into compost and BioCNG (CBG). In 2018–19, the GOBAR–DHAN initiative plans to fund 700 projects nationwide. Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for Bio-CNG has been notified by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
biogas upgrading; bio-CNG; methane;
1.INTRODUCTION
1.2 Compressed Biogas in India (CBG)
India's economy is one of the fastest growing in the world, and there are plans for a sharp rise in energy consumption there. India possesses 1,488 billion cubic meters (BCM) of natural gas and 763 million metric tons (MMT) of crude oil in total, according to estimates from the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoP&NG). Approximately 77% of the nation's crude oil needs and 50% of its natural gas needs are now imported; hence, the Indian government has set a goal to reduce these imports by at least 10% by 2027. Additionally, it has set a goal to raise gas's share of India's energy mix from the current 6.5% (the country's average is 23.5%) to 15% by 2027 [1]
With a capacity to generate 370 MMT of biomanure, India's projected CBG potential from diverse sources is close to 62 MMT. It is intended for CBG to be produced from a variety of biomass and waste sources, such as sewage treatment plant waste, sugarcane press mud, municipal solid waste, distillery wasted wash, cow dung, and agricultural residue. Biogas can be produced from other waste streams, such as rotting vegetables and potatoes from cold storage, dairy facilities, chicken and poultry litter, food trash, horticulture waste, forestry residues, and industrial Effluent Treatment facilities (ETPs) that process organic waste. About 55% to 60% methane, 40% to 45% carbon dioxide, and trace levels of hydrogen sulfide are present in the biogas that is produced. To create CBG, biogas is refined to eliminate gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Pipelines or cylinder cascades can be used to deliver the CBG to retail locations. Gazette Vide The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India, approved the use of bio-compressed natural gas (bioCNG) for motor vehicles as an alternative to compressed natural gas (CNG) on June 16, 2015, under Notification No. 395 [1]
The four pillars of our strategy for India's energy future— energy access, energy efficiency, energy sustainability, and energy security—have been announced by the Hon. Prime Minister. A further goal established by the Indian government is to "Double Farmers Income by 2030." Anaerobic decomposition of waste or biomass sources, such as cow dung, agricultural residue, sugarcane press mud, municipal solid waste, sewage treatment plant waste, etc., results in the production of bio-gas. After the biogas is cleaned to remove water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), it is compressed into compressed biogas, or compressed biogas (CBG), which contains more than 90% methane (CH4). [1]
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