International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 03 | Mar 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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EFFECT OF THE LATERAL FORCE ON THE SPECIAL MOMENT RESISTING FRAME STRUCTURE IN THE VARIOUS TYPES OF SOIL TYPE ACCORDING TO IS 1893 PART-1:2016: A REVIEW Rishikesh Tiwari1, Mr. Ushendra Kumar2 1Master of Technology, Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India 2Head of Department, Department of Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India
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Abstract - Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)
The term "Special Moment Resisting Frame" was formalized in the seismic design provisions of the United States in the 1970s and 1980s. These frames were specifically engineered to resist lateral forces generated by seismic events, utilizing the ductility of steel and reinforced concrete to absorb and redistribute energy. Throughout the latter part of the 20th century and into the 21st century, advancements in computational modeling, material science, and seismic analysis techniques further enhanced the design and performance of SMRF structures. This period saw the refinement of design codes and standards, such as the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) standards and the International Building Code (IBC), which provided comprehensive guidelines for the design and construction of SMRFs to withstand seismic forces. The history of SMRF structures is intertwined with significant seismic events and the lessons learned from their impact on built environments. As earthquakes continue to pose a threat to communities worldwide, ongoing research and innovation in structural engineering ensure that SMRFs evolve to meet the challenges of seismic resilience in the built environment. Today, SMRFs remain a cornerstone of seismic-resistant construction, providing safety and stability in regions prone to earthquakes.
structures play a critical role in mitigating seismic forces in regions prone to earthquakes. Understanding the effect of lateral forces on SMRFs is essential for ensuring their structural integrity and safety. This review paper explores the impact of lateral forces on SMRF structures across various soil types, as specified by IS 1893 Part-1:2016. Soil type significantly influences the behavior of structures during seismic events, making it imperative to comprehend its interaction with lateral forces. Through an extensive literature review, this paper examines the response of SMRF structures to lateral forces in different soil conditions, considering factors such as soil stiffness, damping characteristics, and foundation design. Additionally, the paper evaluates the seismic performance criteria outlined in IS 1893 Part-1:2016 concerning SMRF structures and soil types. By synthesizing existing research findings, this review aims to provide insights into optimizing the design and performance of SMRF structures under lateral forces in diverse soil environments, ultimately contributing to enhanced seismic resilience in structural engineering practices. Key Words: Seismic effects, Masonry walls, Reinforced concrete structures, Openings, Structural positioning, Seismic behavior, Structural dynamics.
2.INTRODUCTION
1.HISTORY
A Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame structure is a stalwart configuration employed in construction projects worldwide. It comprises an interplay of columns, beams, slabs, and other reinforced concrete elements meticulously engineered to bear loads efficiently while ensuring structural integrity. Columns, standing as vertical supports, transmit the weight from beams and slabs to the foundation, boasting enhanced strength and flexibility through embedded steel reinforcement. Beams, in turn, horizontally traverse between columns, evenly distributing loads and fortifying the structure against bending and shear forces. These components converge with slabs, forming the framework for floors, roofs, or ceilings, with reinforcement imbuing them with resilience against structural strains. Joints, critical nexus points, facilitate load transfer and are meticulously designed to withstand lateral forces such as wind or seismic activity. Foundations, the bedrock of stability, anchor the structure to the underlying terrain, often constructed with
The concept of using moment resisting frames in building construction traces back to the early 20th century, primarily as a response to the devastating earthquakes that highlighted the vulnerability of traditional building designs. However, it was not until the latter half of the 20th century that the development of Special Moment Resisting Frames (SMRFs) emerged as a significant advancement in seismicresistant structural engineering. In the 1960s and 1970s, pioneering research and experimentation in structural engineering, particularly in earthquake-prone regions like California, led to the refinement of moment resisting frame systems. Engineers and researchers sought to create structural designs capable of efficiently dissipating seismic energy while maintaining structural integrity during earthquakes.
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