International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 03 | Mar 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
IMPLEMENTATION OF FAULT LOCALIZATION ALGORITHM FOR LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION GRID USING LINE DISTANCE RELAY AND FAULT PASSAGE INDICATOR M YUVARAJU1, SUBIYA V M2, KEERTHANA M3, ATCHAYA A4 1
Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India 2,3,4 PG Scholar, Department of EEE, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - This paper presents a comprehensive overview
grid are responsible for 80% of customer interruptions [1]. Unlike transmission networks, distribution networks have a minimal protection scheme[2]. The detection of high impedance faults on electrical distribution systems has been one of the most persistent and difficult problems facing the electric utility industry. Depending on some factors including the feeders topology, the number of estimates may be on the order of tens, each one corresponding to a different feeder lateral. Some attempts have been made to mitigate this problem using expert systems or integrating information provided by measurement at the substation and the feeders protection scheme. However, such information is usually insufficient, inaccurate or unavailable. Thus the identification of exact fault location on multi-branched distribution feeders is a problem that has not been yet solved[3]. Impedance based fault location technique can be extensively used because of their low implementation cost. The traditional techniques are reactive in nature, meaning that they are used after a fault has already occurred. These include impedance-based, travelling-wave based and knowledge experience based techniques. Impedance based method use voltage and current measurements to determine the type of fault, which is then estimated on the fault location based on the apparent impedance. Although the impedancebased method is one of the oldest technique, it is still used because of its simplicity. Based on the signal used fault location techniques are classified into three different categories [4].
of the real-time implementation of line distance algorithm relay that provides protection for distribution network. The algorithm is tailored to detect and localize faults efficiently, focusing on common fault types like single-phase to ground and three-phase faults. Faults were divided in three major categories: a)Faults in the beginning of the branch b)faults in the middle and c)Faults in end of the branch. The localization method was divided in three steps: a)Faulty branch identification b)Faulty section localization and c)Fault distance estimation. The methodology involves current measurements at the feeders start and voltage drop analysis across feeder branches. The study encompasses a wide range of fault resistance values from 0.1 ohm to 1000 ohm, addressing both single-phase to ground and three-phase faults. The results demonstrate the algorithm effectiveness in identifying faulty sections and precisely locating faults within the grid. Furthermore, SCADA integration enhances the realtime communication with maintenance team, facilitating swift responses to identifies faults and contributing to heightened grid reliability and operational efficiency. This paper gives an overview of the different advances of the technology and poses some of the challenges that this technology needs to solve. Key Words: Fault location, Fault detection, Fault passage indicator, Low voltage distribution grid, Line distance relay, SCADA.
1.INTRODUCTION
i)Techniques based on fundamental frequency of voltage and current.
The protective system is very much essential for an Electrical Power System, which is used to isolate the faulty equipment from the system and protect the other equipment from the as quickly as possible. In case of short circuits or faults, the need for a protective system is felt, if not isolated it would totally damage the power system. Each part of the power system is protected. The protective systems include circuit breakers and protective relays to isolate the faulty section of the power system from the healthy ones. The function of a protective relay is to sense the abnormal conditions in the power system and gives an alarm or isolates that part from the healthy system. It minimizes the damage to the equipment and interruptions to the service when electrical fault occurs. Faults in typical distribution
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ii)Techniques based on high frequency travelling waves generated by faults. iii)Artificial intelligence approach. Fault location techniques using fundamental frequency components, also known as impedance based fault location method, extract the fundamental frequency components of the voltage and current signals to calculate the impedance of the faulted line. Two approaches for fault detection in low impedance fault was examined, one based on current measurement at the feeders beginning and the other on highest voltage drop across feeder branches. Research has
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