International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 03 | Mar 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
CRAFTING AND EVALUATING AN ELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLE'S DESIGN AND ANALYSIS JEEVAANANTH K1, BRINDHA R2, Dr. M. MOHANRAJ3 1PG Scholar Computer Aided Design Engineering, Government College of Engineering Salem-11, India 2PG Scholar Communication Systems Engineering, Government College of Engineering Salem-11, India
3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Engineering Salem-11, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------next semester. This hands-on process enables students to Abstract - Electric hybrid scooters combine the flexibility
comprehend the intricacies of building a product from inception to completion, with each step serving as a selflearning opportunity. The design of the electric scooter involves three phases of the engineering design process: conceptual design, embodiment design, and detail design.
of recharging from any external power source with the option to run on a petrol engine. These scooters utilize a rechargeable battery to store electricity, providing power to one or more electric motors for movement. Distinguished by their absence of a step-through frame, these scooters can accelerate using electricity from an external source, with a speed limit of 45 km/h. The battery stores electricity, and the vehicle is propelled by an electric hub motor. As pollution-free road transport, this project involves converting a petrol vehicle into a hybrid electric vehicle, emphasizing the reduction of battery charging time. The ecofriendly approach minimizes human effort. The project details the design and manufacturing processes involved in creating an electric scooter, adhering to the aesthetic principle of the golden section proportion. The final product, constructed using traditional modeling and engineering techniques, features outer housings made from carbon fiber.
1.1 TYPES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASED ON MOTOR Electric scooters can be broadly categorized into two main types of motors: hub motor and chain motor systems. Hub motors are housed inside the hub of either the front or rear wheel, creating an all-wheel drive. They are commonly used in electric bikes as well. Unlike electric bikes, electric scooters use a throttle for speed control instead of pedals. The hub motor system in electric scooters is easy to install or remove from the scooter wheel, providing a balanced weight distribution, especially when the battery is mounted in the middle or back of the scooter. This design eliminates the need for a chain and offers versatility in scooter weight management.
Key Words: Electric vehicle, Hub motor, Chain motor, Lithium-ion Battery, key result indicators, etc
1.INTRODUCTION
The other type of electric scooter utilizes a chain motor, which is connected with a chain, sprocket, and gear to propel the scooter. Unlike the gearless hub motor, the chain motor employs gears, influencing the scooter's torque and speed. Typically, the chain motor is installed at the rear tire of the scooter, while the hub motor can be positioned at either the front or rear. Electric vehicles, including scooters, offer advantages such as cost savings, reduced pollution, and tax incentives. They ensure a safer driving experience with controlled speeds and lower tire wear, universally relying on Direct Current (DC) electric motors for propulsion. The critical force for setting the vehicle in motion and determining desirable characteristics is torque, a common requirement across these motors.
The escalating concerns regarding global warming and urban air pollution have led to a concentrated effort in transport policy decision-making to develop environmentally friendly vehicles. Research has been directed towards addressing the significantly lower air quality in cities, directly linked to vehicle emissions, particularly from private cars. Episodes of haze in Southeast Asia in various years heightened environmental awareness. Urban transport policies aiming to reduce private car usage have increased the adoption of non-polluting vehicles like electric scooters. Despite the rising number of electric scooter users, challenges related to safety and comfort persist, hindering further adoption for meaningful environmental impact. Our study employs computer simulation to model the aerodynamic effects of existing safety and comfort features, presenting a new design that optimally integrates these elements. As fifth-year mechanical engineering students, we were tasked with developing a single-seated electric scooter, emphasizing the design, fabrication, and learning processes involved. This semester focuses on information gathering, concept generation, and initial drawing stages, paving the way for fabrication in the
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(a) Hub motor
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